2402:3A80:E06:8894:4C5C:B03A:95A0:CACA at 11:34, 5 July 2021

2021-07-05T11:34:21Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}{{for|the current Catholicos of India|Catholicos Baselios Thomas I}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}{{for|List of Maphrian's|List of maphrians}}
{{Infobox diocese
| titleoverride = Catholicos of
| bishopric = India
| border = Syriac Orthodox Church
| image = Holy_mass_of_the_Syriac_Orthodox_Church.jpg
| incumbent = [[Baselios Thomas I]]
| incumbent_note = 26 July 2002
| style = His Beatitude the Catholicos<br>Η κτυπηρή του οι Καθολικοί


|established = [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] (1964)
| cathedral = [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church#Headquarters|Patriarch Ignatius Zaka I Iwas Centre]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| first incumbent =
| diocese = [[Malankara Syrian Church|Catholicate See]]<ref name="1up">[https://archive.org/details/constitutionofsy0000holy/mode/1up Syrian Orthodox Constitution]</ref><br />[[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]]

| website = {{URL|https://www.jscnews.org/}}
}}
The '''Catholicos of India''',<ref name="Jacobite_Church_OfficialNewsPortal">{{cite web|first= |last= |title=Jacobite Syrian Christain Church |url=http://www.jscnews.org/pages/page.php?content_id=33 |publisher= JSC News- Official News Portal of the Church|access-date=26 June 2021|quote="In the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church, the Patriarch of Antioch & all the East is the spiritual supreme, but the temporal powers of the local Church in India rests with an association, elected from among the representatives of Parishes of Malankara, and is to be administered under guidance from its Chief prelate, the Catholicos of India."}}</ref> is an ecclesiastical office in the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]], the head of the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]].<ref name="1up"/> He is the [[Catholicos]]/ [[Maphrian]] of the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church an autonomous body with in the Syriac Orthodox Church, and functions at an ecclesiastical rank second only to the [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch]]. The jurisdiction of the Syriac Orthodox [[Catholicos]] of India and Indian [[diaspora]] based upon the regional (Indian) constitution of the church, earlier known as Catholicos of the East<ref name="syrianchristanity">{{Cite web|title=Patriarch Zakka I: The SOC At a Glance|url=http://syriacorthodoxresources.org/Pub/PZakka1/SOCAtAGlance.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=syriacorthodoxresources.org}}</ref> based on the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] Constitution<ref name="1up"/> but renamed as ‘Catholicos of India’ in accordance with its actual jurisdiction.<ref name="syric_christianity_website">{{cite web|first= |last= |title=Catholicate of the East |url=http://www.syriacchristianity.info/MorBaseliosPauloseII/Catholicate.htm |publisher=syriacchristianity.info|access-date=26 June 2021|quote="In 2002 the office of the Maphrianate was renamed ‘Catholicos of India’ in accordance with its actual jurisdiction"}}</ref> The current Catholicos of India is [[Catholicos Baselios Thomas I]], who was consecrated in 2002.

== Catholicos/Maphrian ==
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}{{for|Maphrian|Maphrian}}
The word is a transliteration of the Greek καθολικός, pl. καθολικοί, meaning concerning the whole, universal or general. It was a title that existed in the Roman Empire where Government representative who was in charge of a large area was called ‘Catholicos’. The Churches later started to use this term for their Chief Bishops.

‘Maphriyono’ (Maphrian) is derived from the Syriac word 'afri', "to make fruitful", or "one who gives fecundity". This title be used exclusively for the head of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] in the East. From the mid 13th century onwards, a few occupants of the Maphrianate were referred also as ‘Catholicos’, but the title never came into extensive usage.

In the 20th century when this office of the Maphrianate under the Holy Apostolic See of Antioch was re-established in India, the chief of the local church assumed the title ‘Catholicos of the East’, but his jurisdiction was restricted to India in the East. It was instituted to provide a Jurisdiction regional head of the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]] and the second head after the [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch]] in [[Hierarchy]]. Later in the 21st century (in 2002) the Maphrianate was renamed to 'Maphrianate of India' and the Maphriano Assumed the title 'Catholicose/Maphriano of India' as per constitution of the church in India, officially known as "Catholicos of the East" as the Syrian Orthodox Constitution.<ref name="Catholicate of the East">[http://catholicose.org/PauloseII/Catholicate.htm Catholicate of the East]</ref><ref name="syrianchristanity"/>

In the Syriac Orthodox Context both Catholicose and Maphriano have the same meaning and reffer to the same office.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.socmnet.org/Malankaras_Mythical_Minefields_08.htm |title=Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Network |access-date=26 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830073854/http://www.socmnet.org/Malankaras_Mythical_Minefields_08.htm |archive-date=30 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Origins and development of the Catholicate in India ==
As the political rivalries were great between the Roman and Persian Empires, the Persian Church thought it wise to create a local leader, since the [[Zoroastrian]] rulers of Persia were strongly suspicious of any contacts between their Persian Christian minority, and the Christians in the enemy Roman Empire. In the 4th century, the bishop of the Persian capital of Seleucia, [[Mar Papa]], had been declared the first [[Catholicos]] of the [[Church of the East]]. [[Mar Isaac (bishop)|Mar Issac]], bishop of [[Seleucia on the Tigris|Seleucia]], became the first royally recognized Catholicos, empowered to exercise authority over the Church's Persian jurisdictions excluding India. In the 5th century, as part of the [[Nestorian schism]], the Persian Christians separated from the Christians of the Roman Empire. In the 16th century, another split occurred, with the Nestorian branch becoming known as the [[Assyrian Church of the East]], and another branch joining into communion with Rome, to become the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]]. The Assyrian Christians sought to better establish themselves by claiming that the Apostle Thomas not only evangelized their territories and ordained presbyters, but gave authority to specific successors to govern the Church. This teaching contradicted the teachings of Nicaea. To maintain Orthodoxy, patriarchs continued to ordain local Orthodox Maphriyono, who assumed the title Catholicos centuries later.<ref>[http://catholicose.org/PauloseII/Catholicate.htm this exposition.]</ref>


The Universal Syrian Orthodox Synod decided to re-establish the catholicose after the reconciliation movement gathered momentum in the 1950s and culminated in the consecration of [[Augen I]] as catholicose by the Episcopal Synod presided over by Patriarch [[Ignatius Jacob III]]. The church later split again in 1975 as Mar Augen I argued that the ''Catholicos is equal to the Patriarch and Malankara Syrian Church have ecclesiastical throne of Thomas the Apostle and that he is seated on that throne'' against reunification decisions.<ref>{{cite book |author=Alexander P. Varghese|date= 2008|title=History, Religion, Vision and Contribution to the World · Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7GKwhuea9kC&q=augen+catholicos&pg=PA368|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|isbn= 9788126909032}}</ref> The Patriarch Mor Ignatius Jacob III in his bull numbered 203 claimed that ''[[Thomas the Apostle]] did not establish any ecclesiastical Apostolic Throne in Malankara'' but the Catholicos Augen I and his group refused and not accept this claim. So the Patriarch excommunicate the Catholicos and his group is known as the [[Malankara Orthodox Church]] from the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]].

For the people favoring the Patriarch's supremacy, the Maphrian consecrated by Patriarch Jacob III in 1975. Mor [[Baselios Paulose II]] was the Second Catholicose/Maphrian of [[Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church]]. After Mor Baselios Paulose II's demise in 1996 the office remained vacant for several years to accommodate reconciliation attempts, which were unsuccessful.

In 2002, the Catholicos [[Baselios Thomas I]] was consecrated by Patriarch [[Ignatius Zakka I Iwas]] to be the head of the Malankara Archdiocese of Syriac Orthodox Church in India known as "Jacobite Syrian Church". His Beatitiude's official title was made ''Catholicos of India,'' due to the its jurisdiction was in India of the East. As a result, since the time of [[Baselios Thomas I]], the title of the Catholocose/Maphriano was modified to Catholicose/Maphriano Of India of the East of Jacobite Syrian Church Constitution as the jurisdiction of India unlike his predecessor [[Baselios Augen I]] and [[Baselios Paulose II]], who was titled Catholicose of the East thought his jurisdiction was only India.<ref name="syrianchristanity"/><ref>[http://www.syriacchristianity.info/MorBaseliosPauloseII/Biography.htm Enthronement of the Catholicose of the East]</ref> The Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Jacob III consecrated Paulose Mor Philoxenos as the Catholicose of the East under the title [[Baselios Paulose II]]. He functions at an ecclesiastical rank second only to the Patriarch, having the privilege to preside over the consecration of new patriarchs. The Catholicos is welcomed brotherly alongside the Patriarch at ecclesiastical and ecumenical functions, and hosted the Patriarch during a state visit to India in 2005.

This Catholicate is headquartered at [[Puthencruz]], Kerala, India. The Catholicos of India presides over the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Association, the legal entity of Jacobite parishes in Malankara that unequivocally supports remaining within the Antiochian Patriarchate.

The Catholicos is not authorized to consecrate [[Holy Chrism]] independently without Permission of the Patriarch because of ''Hudaya Canon(Accepted only the Manuscript either not catholic canon or Malankara orthodox Church canon is called the Paris canon)'' of the Holy fathers. The jurisdiction of the Syriac Orthodox Catholicos of the East in India only, although he is often invited to preside over [[Syriac Orthodox]] functions abroad as an Indian, officially Catholicos of the East as per [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] Constitution.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/constitutionofsy0000holy/mode/1up Syriac Orthodox Constitution]</ref>

== Authority ==

As the head of the catholicate of [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] in India, the Catholicos presides over the Holy Episcopal Synod of [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]] and second position in [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] after the Patriarch. The Catholicos get's respects from the whole over nations and has greater position above any other honorable Metropolitans of the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] according to constitution of the [[Syrian Orthodox Church]] and [[Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church]].

== Article Freedom of His Beatitude Catholicos ==
Article freedom according to the constitution of the [[Syriac Orthodox Church]] of 1998 grand permission by Patriarch Ignatius Zaka I Iwas<ref>[https://archive.org/details/constitutionofsy0000holy/mode/1up Syrian Orthodox Constitution Article Freedom]</ref>
===Article 8===
* Second rank after the Patriarch.
** As respect of [[Saint Peter]] [[Primacy of Peter|Supremacy]] of the Syriac Orthodox Church of India as like constitution of the Mulanthuruthy Padiyola.<ref>[http://www.syriacchristianity.info/PARAVUR/mulunthuruthy_padiyola.htm Mulanthuruthy Padiyola]</ref>
* He is elected by only Metropolitans under the Jurisdiction of the Catholicate See.
*Must obey Catholicos by priests, deacons and all the people.
*Must proclaimed her "Name" after patriarch during Holy Mass and canonical prayers
*His name should be mentioned at every Syrian Churches where he attends the prayer.
*His title is "Catholicos of the East and Metropolitan of Malankara"

===Article 15===
*H.H Patriarch ordains the lawfully elected Catholicos and Metropolitans, and consecrates the Holy Chrism.
**According to the ''Hudaya Canon'' of Syriac Orthodox Church.

===Article 22 ===
*Removal of Catholicos, Metropolitans and acceptance of their resignations
**As resignation of ''Holy Episcopal Synod'' of Universal Syriac Orthodox Church.

=== Article 27 ===
*The Patriarch can communicate Catholicos personally
*The Patriarch can address only "Your Beatitude" and "Our Brother"
**"Your" Beatitude as for the Metropolitan's, Arch priest, Clergy, Deacons and Laymen.
**"Our" Brother(Our - "unequally [[Oriental Orthodox Church]] and also, who respect and communicate the patriarch") for the Great Majesty Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

===Article 40===
*His Beatitude the Catholicos will participate to electing the patriarch, but may not be elected.
**Because of "His Beatitude" has separate Geography according to the Syriac Orthodox Church Constitution and their Constitution and either constitution and also have constitution for churches according to the freedom of nation, as the agreement of the Holy Episcopal Synod and regional Episcopal Synod.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

===Article 48===
*His Beatitude shall celebrate the Holy Eucharist otherwise the Patriarchal locum tenes or most senior Metropolitans whatever whole Metropolitans joined this celebration during the holy Liturgy after the inauguration of the elected patriarch.

==Catholicate See==
*[[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Archdiocese of Malankara]]
*Simhasana Churches
*[[Knanaya Archdiocese|Malankara Syriac Knanaya Archdiocese]]
*[[Malankara Archdiocese of North America]]
*Diocese outside Kerala
*Diocese outside India
**Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
**Australia, Newzealand, United Kingdom, Canada
**Singapore, Malaysia
*Authonomous Diocese
**Honavar Mission
**[[The Evangelistic Association of the East|E.A.E Churches]]
*The Syrian Orthodox Church respects the Catholicate See and mentioned name of "His Beatitude" on holy Eucharist and other canonical prayers who under direct jurisdiction of holy church according to the constitution.

==List of Maphrian's/Catholicos==
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}{{for|List of Maphrian's/Catholicos|List of maphrians}}

==List of Catholicoi of India==
*1. [[Augen I]] (1964-1975)
** [[Baselios Augen I]] was Consecrated as the Maphrian/Catholicos and Malankara Metropolitan of Syriac Orthodox Church by [[Ignatius Jacob III]], Patriarch of Antioch on 1964. He was later deposed on 1975 by [[Ignatius Jacob III]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catholicose.org/PauloseII/Catholicate.htm|title=Catholicate of the East|website=catholicose.org}}</ref><ref>[http://www.malankaraworld.com/Library/History/Resources_history-jacobite-church.htm Brief History of The Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch in India]</ref>
*2. [[Baselios Paulose II|Paulose II]] (1975–1996)
** [[Baselios Paulose II]] was Consecrated as the Maphrian/Catholicos Malankara Metropolitan and of Syriac Orthodox Church by [[Ignatius Jacob III]], Patriarch of Antioch.<ref>[http://www.syriacchristianity.info/MorBaseliosPauloseII/Biography.htm Enthronement of the Catholicose of the East] Catholicose Mor Baselios Paulose II was officially elected as the Malankara Metropolitan of the Jacobite Syrian Church</ref>
*''vacant'' (1996–2002)
*3. [[Baselios Thomas I|Thomas I]] (2002–present)
** [[Baselios Thomas I]] was Consecrated as the Maphrian/Catholicos Metropolitan Trustee and of Syriac Orthodox Church by [[Ignatius Zakka I]], Patriarch of Antioch.

== See also ==
* [[Oriental Orthodoxy]]
* [[List of Maphrians]]
* [[Maphrian]]
* [[Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan]]
* [[List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Patriarchates in Christianity}}
{{Maphrians and Metropolitans of the East}}
[[Category:Syriac Orthodox Church bishops]]
[[Category:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]]

Catholicos of India - Revision history

2402:3A80:E06:8894:4C5C:B03A:95A0:CACA at 11:34, 5 July 2021