SumanPatil at 14:46, 18 November 2022

2022-11-18T14:46:29Z

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The '''Central Civil Services''' ('''CCS''') is part of [[Civil Services of India]] and are concerned directly with the union non-political executive administration and is the permanent [[Civil Services of India|Executive body]] of the federal [[Government of India]]. Most of the specialized fields in civil services in India belong to the central services.

The highest personnel cadre strength among CCS is with [[Central Secretariat Service]]{{efn|As on year 2021, CSS cadre has a total strength of 12,500 members and is controlled by DOPT, Ministry of Personnel GOI.}} and [[Indian Revenue Service]] (IT and C&CE).{{efn|The Indian Revenue Service is not one entity and not one service. The two independent branches are controlled by two separate statutory bodies, the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC). The IT and C&CE also have two different independent service associations. The total members are 4192 (Income Tax) and 5583 (Customs and Indirect Taxes).}} The [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]] is the cadre controlling authority for the Central Secretariat Service, while the rest in CCS is controlled by respective [[Union Government ministries of India]]. The Central Civil Services are classified into Group A and Group B, both of which are [[Gazetted Officer (India)|gazetted]].

The [[Government of India]] approved the formation of a [[Engineering Service Examination|Central Engineering Service]] cadre Indian Skill Development Service<ref name="ISDS">{{cite web|title=Government nod to raise new Group-A civil service cadre|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/XO89PxfcsCgWQ31vyFi6cJ/Government-nod-to-raise-new-GroupA-civil-service-cadre.html|accessdate=8 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="ISDS-India">{{cite news|title=Govt approves formation of Indian Skill Development Service|newspaper=The Economic Times |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/govt-approves-formation-of-indian-skill-development-service/articleshow/49261963.cms|accessdate=8 October 2015}}</ref> in 2015, Indian Enterprise Development Service.<ref name="IEDS">{{cite news|title=Cabinet approves enterprise development cadre|newspaper=Business Standard India |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/cabinet-approves-enterprise-development-cadre-116122100489_1.html|accessdate=8 January 2017}}</ref> in 2016. Further, the [[Cabinet of India]] approved merging 04 railways civil services into a single [[Indian Railways Management Service]] as part of a structural reform in the sector in 2019.

==History==
===British India===
{{Main article|Royal Commission on the Public Services in India|Imperial Secretariat Service}}
With the passing of the [[Government of India Act 1919]], the [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Imperial Services]] headed by the [[Secretary of State for India]], were split into two – [[All India Services]] and [[Central Civil Services of India|Central Services]].<ref name="Public Personnel Administration">{{cite book| title =Public Personnel Administration : Theory and Practice|last=Goel |first=S.L. |year = 2008| publisher=Deep and Deep Publications, 2008| isbn = 9788176293952}}</ref>

The [[All India Services|All India]] and [[Central Civil Services of India|Central Services (Group A)]] were designated as '''Central Superior Services''' as early as 1924.<ref name="Problems and Issues Administration">{{cite book| title =Problems and Issues in Administrative Federalism|last=Maheshwari |first=Shriram |year = 1992| publisher=Allied Publishers| isbn = 9788170233428}}</ref> From 1924 to 1934, Administration in India consisted of 10 All India Services (including [[Indian Education Service]], [[Indian Medical Service]]) and 5 central departments, all under the control of Secretary of State for India, and 3 central departments under joint Provincial and Imperial Control.<ref name="Problems and Issues Administration"/>

The Central Services was headed by the [[Viceroy and Governor-General of India]].

===Modern India===
The Group A officers are appointed by the [[President of India]] and appointments to Group B are made by the authorities specified by a general or special order of the President.

==Nature, rules and deputations==
===Rules and regulations===
The Central Civil Services (CCS) is run as per Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rule and all service members work under restrictions and rules of Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules. The Indian Railway Services work under Railway Services (Conduct) Rules of 1966.

The Central Civil Services also follows CCS (Commutation of Pension) Rules and has its own Recognition of Service Associations Rules 1993 and Leave Travel Concession Rules 1988.

The [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] (UGC), in a circular released in October 2018, directed [[Central university (India)|central universities]] to adopt the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules 1964 for professors of the university.

===Deputations===
The members of Central Civil Services are eligible for deputation to state governments either on personal grounds or official approval from both [[Government of India]] Staffing Scheme of Government of India.

===Performance review and dismissal===
The employees performance review is conducted under the Fundamental Rule (FR) 56 (J) and 56 (I), and also under Rule 48 (1) (b) of the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972, that gives "absolute right" to the appropriate authority to retire a government servant, "if it is necessary to do so in public interest".<ref name="Center weed corrupt">{{cite web |title=Centre to weed out inefficient, corrupt employees, asks depts to review service records of staff|url=
https://economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-to-weed-out-inefficient-corrupt-employees-asks-depts-to-review-service-records-of-staff/articleshow/77835835.cms|work=[[The Economic Times]]|accessdate=21 December 2020}}</ref>

A government servant can be retired "in public interest" under Central Civil Services (Classification, Control & Appeal) Rules, 1965, as a penalty for possession of assets disproportionate to known source of income or for accepting gratification as a reward for doing or forbearing to do an official act.<ref name="Forest Service Retire">{{cite web |title=Odisha asks Centre to compulsory retire Indian Forest Service officer for graft|url=https://timesofindia.com/india/odisha-asks-centre-to-compulsory-retire-indian-forest-service-officer-for-graft/articleshow/79790283.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=20 December 2020}}</ref>

==Recruitment==
The recruitment of the CCS (Group A) is made through [[Civil Services Examination]], [[Engineering Services Examination]], Combined Geo-Scientist and Geologist Examination, I.E.S./I.S.S. Examination, [[Combined Medical Services Examination]], Central Armed Police Forces of [[Union Public Service Commission]] (UPSC). All promotions or empanelment in the CCS are either by Civil Services Board or by [[Appointments Committee of the Cabinet]].

==Central Government Services (Group A)==
The [[Government of India|Central Services (Group A)]] are concerned with the administration of the [[Government of India|Union Government]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://document.ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02adm/OMUpdationoflistdated03.04.2017.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304073019/http://document.ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02adm/OMUpdationoflistdated03.04.2017.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> All appointments to Central Civil Services (Group A) are made by the [[President of India]].
{|
| valign="top" |
{{refbegin}}
* Border Roads Engineering Services ('''BRES''') ([[Engineering]])
* Border Security Force ('''BSF''') ([[Civil Service]])
* Botanical survey of India (BSI) ([[Natural Resource]])
*Central Reserve Police Force ('''CRPF''') ([[Civil Service]])
* Border Security Force Health Service ('''BSFHS''') ([[Health Science]])
* Central Architects Service ('''CAS''') ([[Engineering]])
* Central Engineering (Civil) Service ([[Engineering]])
* Central Engineering (Electrical and Mechanical) Service ([[Engineering]])
* Central Engineering Service (Roads) ('''CES''' ('''Roads''')) ([[Engineering]])
* [[Central Geological Service]] ('''CGS''') ([[Natural Resource]])
* [[Central Health Service]] ('''CHS''') ([[Health Science]])
* [[Central Industrial Security Force]] ('''CISF''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Central Labour Service|Indian Labour Service]] ('''ILS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Central Power Engineering Service]] ('''CPES''') ([[Engineering]])
* Central Reserve Police Health Service ('''CRPHS''') ([[Health Science]])
* [[Central Secretariat Service]] ('''CSS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Central Secretariat Stenographers Service]] ('''CSSS''') ([[Central Civil Service Group A, PPS and above only]])
* Central Water Engineering Service ('''CWES''') ([[Engineering]])
* Defence Aeronautical Quality Assurance Service ('''DAQAS''') ([[Engineering]])
* Defence Quality Assurance Service ('''DQAS''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Defence Research & Development Service]] ('''DRDS''') ([[Engineering]])
*General Central Service '''(GCS)''' ([[Civil Service]])
* Geological Survey of India Chemical Service ('''GSICS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* Geological Survey of India Engineering Service ('''GSIES''') ([[Engineering]])
* Geological Survey of India Geophysical Service ('''GSIGS''') ([[Natural Resource]])
* [[Indian Audits and Accounts Service]] ('''IA&AS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Civil Accounts Service]] ('''ICAS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Corporate Law Service]] ('''ICLS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* Indian Cost Accounts Service ('''ICoAS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Defense Accounts Service]] ('''IDAS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Defence Contract Management Service]] ('''IDCMS''')([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Defence Estates Service]] ('''IDES''') ([[Civil Service]])
* Indian Defense Service of Engineers ('''IDSE''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Statistical Service]] ('''ISS''')([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Economic Service]] ('''IES''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Indian Civil Aviation Engineering Services]] ('''ICAES''') ([[Engineering]])
* Indian Enterprise Development Service ('''IEDS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Foreign Service]] ('''IFS''') ([[Civil Service]]) 
* [[Indian Information Service]] ('''IIS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* Indian Inspection Service ('''IIS''') ([[Engineering]])
* Indian Legal Service ('''ILS''') ([[Law]])
* Indian Meteorological Service ('''IMS''') ([[Natural Resource]])
* [[Indian Ordnance Factories Service]] ('''IOFS''') ([[Engineering]]) and ([[Civil Service]])
* Indian Ordnance Factories Health Service ('''IOFHS''') ([[Health Science]])
* Indian Petroleum and Explosives Safety Service ('''IPESS''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Postal Service]] ('''IPoS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian_Post_&_Telecommunication_Accounts_and_Finance_Service]] ('''IP&TAFS''') ([[Civil Service]]) / Indian Communication Finance Service ('''ICFS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* Indian Naval Armament Service ('''INAS''') ([[Engineering]])
* Indian Naval Material Management Service ('''INMMS''') ([[Engineering]])
* Indian Radio Regulatory Service ('''IRRS''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Railway Accounts Service]] ('''IRAS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Railway Medical Services]] ('''IRMS''') ([[Health Science]])
* [[Indian Railway Personnel Service]] ('''IRPS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Railway Service of Engineers]] ('''IRSE''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers]] ('''IRSEE''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers]] ('''IRSME''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers]] ('''IRSSE''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Railway Stores Service]] ('''IRSS''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Railway Traffic Service]] ('''IRTS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Revenue Service]] ('''IRS-IT / C&CE)''' ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Skill Development Services]] ('''ISDS''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Statistical Service]] ('''ISS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indian Supply Service]] ('''ISS''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indian Telecommunication Service]] ('''ITS''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police]] ('''ITBP''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Indo-Tibetan Border Police Health Service]] ('''ITBPHS''') ([[Health Science]])
* [[Indian Trade Service]] ('''ITrS''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Railway Protection Force]] ('''RPF''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Sashastra Seema Bal]] ('''SSB''') ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Survey of India Service]] ('''SIS''') ([[Engineering]])
* [[Agricultural Research Service (India)|Agricultural Research Service]] ('''ARS''') ([[Natural Resource]])
* Indian Petroleum and Explosives Safety Service ('''IPESS''') ([[Engineering]])
|}

== Central Government Services (Group B)==
For Group B [[civil service]] posts only, the Combined Graduate Level Examination (CGLE) is conducted by the [[Staff Selection Commission]] (SSC).{{efn|The Schedule of Central Civil Services for Group 'B'. The complete list as per Department of Personnel & Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Govt. of India}}<ref name="CCS Group B List">[http://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/SCHEDULE-2.pdf Complete Civil Service Schedule of the Central Civil Services Group B of India]." ''Central Civil Service Group B - Government of India'', 20 April 2020.</ref>
''All appointments to Group B are made by the authorities specified by a general or special order of the President.'' {{efn|The Schedule of Central Civil Services for Group 'B'. The complete list as per Department of Personnel & Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Govt. of India}}<ref name="CCS Group B List">[http://dopt.gov.in/sites/default/files/SCHEDULE-2.pdf Complete Civil Service Schedule of the Central Civil Services Group B of India]." ''Central Civil Service Group B - Government of India'', 20 April 2020.</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=40em|
* [[Armed Forces Headquarters Services]] ([[Civil Service]])
* Botanical Survey of India, Group 'B' ([[Natural Resource]])
* Central Electrical Engineering Service, Group 'B' ([[Engineering]])
* Central Engineering Service, Group 'B' ([[Engineering]])
* Central Excise Service, Group 'B' ([[Civil Service]])
* Central Health Service, Group 'B' ([[Health Science]])
* Central Power Engineering Service, Group 'B' ([[Engineering]])
* Central Secretariat Official Language Service, Group 'B' ([[Civil Service]])
* Central Secretariat Service, Group 'B' (Section and Assistant Section Officers Grade only) ([[Civil Service]])
* Central Secretariat Stenographers Service, Group 'B' (Private Secretary and Personal Assistant Grade only) ([[Civil Service]])
* Customs Appraisers Service, Group 'B'- (Principal Appraisers and Head Appraisers) ([[Civil Service]])
* Customs Preventive Service, Group 'B' – (Chief Inspectors) ([[Civil Service]])
* Defence Secretariat Service ([[Civil Service]])
* [[DANICS]] ([[Civil Service]])
* [[DANIPS]] ([[Civil Service]])
* Geological Survey of India, Group 'B' ([[Natural Resource]])
* Indian Foreign Service, Group 'B' - (General Cadre, Grade I and General Cadre, Grade II only) ([[Civil Service]])
* Indian Posts and Telegraphs Accounts and Finance Service, Group 'B' Telecommunication Wing. ([[Civil Service]])
* Indian Posts & Telegraphs Accounts & Finance Service, Postal Wing, Group 'B' ([[Civil Service]])
* [[Income Tax Service, Group 'B']] ([[Civil Service]])
* Indian Salt Service, Group 'B' ([[Engineering]])
* India Meteorological Service, Group 'B' ([[Natural Resource]])
* Survey of India, Group 'B' ([[Engineering]])
* Postal Superintendents’ Service, Group 'B' ([[Civil Service]])
* Postmasters’ Service, Group 'B' ([[Civil Service]])
* Railway Board Secretariat Service, Group 'B'(SO and ASO only) ([[Civil Service]])
* Telecommunication Engineering Service, Group 'B' ([[Engineering]])
* Telegraphs Traffic Service, Group 'B' ([[Engineering]])
* Zoological Survey of India, Group 'B' ([[Natural Resource]])
}}

==Reforms and Challenges==
In 2016, the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] for the first time, dismissed 72 and prematurely retired another 33 [[Indian Revenue Service]] officers for non-performance and on disciplinary grounds.<ref name="Finance Ministry 2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/for-good-governance-finance-ministry-fires-72-tax-officers-retires-33-more-116050600022_1.html|title=For good governance, Finance Ministry fires 72 tax officers, retires 33 more|accessdate=12 May 2016|publisher=[[Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref name="PIB">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=144910|title=Government takes strict action against defaulting/non performing tax officials/officers|accessdate=12 May 2016|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref name="IRS absent">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/absent-for-years-government-sacks-11-irs-officers/|title=Absent for years, government sacks 11 IRS officers|accessdate=21 December 2016|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name="108 IRS">{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/108-irs-officers-under-cbi-probe-for-alleged-corruption-government/articleshow/48375107.cms|title=108 IRS officers under CBI probe for alleged corruption: Government|accessdate=21 December 2016|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref name="IRS corruption 2">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/CBI-seizes-2-crore-in-old-currency-from-city-residence-of-IRS-officer/articleshow/55716239.cms|title=CBI seizes 2 crore in old currency from city residence of IRS officer|accessdate=21 December 2016|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In 2019, Government of India dismissed 12 (IRS IT) and 15 (IRS Customs and Central Excise) officers for corruption and bribery charges.<ref name ="IRS IT 2019">{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/govt-dismisses-12-senior-i-t-officers-for-corruption-misconduct-119061001099_1.html|title=Govt sacks 12 senior I-T officers including a senior officer for corruption|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|accessdate=22 August 2019}}</ref><ref name ="IRS CCE 2019">{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-15-senior-customs-central-excise-officers-sacked-on-corruption-bribery-charges/332478|title=Govt Sacks 15 Senior Customs, Central Excise Officers Over Corruption, Bribery Charges|publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|accessdate=22 August 2019}}</ref> In 2019, Department of Personnel and Training in [[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]] listed 284 [[Central Secretariat Service]] officers for performance audit by review panel headed by [[Cabinet Secretary of India]].<ref name="CSS DOPT 2019">{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/india/modi-govt-to-retire-central-secretariat-service-officers-now-284-of-them-under-scanner/286418/|title=Modi govt to retire Central Secretariat Service officers now, 284 of them under scanner|accessdate=3 November 2019|publisher=The Print}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Civil Services of India]]
* [[Special Duty Allowance (SDA)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
''Notes''
{{notelist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151009143949/http://www.persmin.gov.in/DOPT/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/CCSRules_1964/ccs_conduct_rules_1964_details.htm#01. CCS (CONDUCT) RULES, 1964], [https://web.archive.org/web/20150616043930/http://persmin.gov.in/DOPT/EmployeesCorner/Acts_Rules/CCSRules_1964/CCS_Conduct_Rules_1964_Updated_27Feb15.pdf CCS Rules-1964]
* [http://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/CSMOP_0_0.pdf Central Secretariat Manual of Office Procedure] 14th Edition by Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
===News===
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-instructs-DoPT-for-speedy-empanelment-of-officers-from-all-central-services/articleshow/48138681.cms Prime Minister instructs DoPT for speedy empanelment of officers from all central services] by The Times of India
* [https://www.cnbctv18.com/personal-finance/central-civil-services-pension-rule-1972-centre-amends-47-year-old-provision-to-widen-scope-4405231.htm/amp Central Civil Services Pension Rule, 1972: Centre amends 47-year-old provision to widen scope] by CNBC

{{Civil service}}

[[Category:Civil Services of India]]

Central Civil Services - Revision history

SumanPatil at 14:46, 18 November 2022