Ajay Kumar at 16:10, 29 August 2023

2023-08-29T16:10:56Z

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{{Short description|Agricultural research institure in Haryana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar
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| established = 1 February 1985
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| type = [[Public universities|Public]]
| affiliation = [[Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare|India Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare]]
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| budget = [[Indian rupee|INR]]
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| director = Tirth Kumar Dutta
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| academic_staff = 158
| administrative_staff = 20
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| postgrad = 13<ref name=annr1/>
| doctoral = 8<ref name=annr1/>
| other =
| city = [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]
| state = [[Haryana]]
| country = India
| coor = {{Coord|29.1858|75.7028|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Hisar (main), Bir Dosanjh (Nabha sub-campus)
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| academic_affiliations = [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]]
| website = {{url|www.cirb.res.in}}
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'''Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar''', a [[Public university|publicly funded]], institute for [[water buffalo]] [[research institute|research]]. It is located {{convert|170|km|}} from Delhi, at [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] in the north Indian state of [[Haryana]].<ref name=CR1>[http://www.cirb.res.in CIRB website]</ref><ref name=CR4>{{cite book | last1=Mohammad | first1=A. | last2=Munir | first2=A. | last3=Rehman | first3=H. | title=Fifty Years of Indian Agriculture | publisher=Concept Publishing Company | year=2007 | isbn=978-81-8069-360-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8-XBnE_nAsC&pg=PA245 | page=245}}</ref> It has a sub-campus, Bir Dosanjh, at [[Nabha]]. CIRB operates a nationwide network of 10 research centres working on breed improvement of the 7 main native breeds. CIRB, with over 20 laboratories for buffalo research, is the world's largest buffalo research institute with the widest range of breeds under study. With the aim of improving breeds and dissemination of information, CIRB has sold over 1,000 bulls, conducted ~200,000 artificial insemination in the field for the farmers' buffaloes with a 41% conception rate, distributed ~520,000 progeny tested frozen semen kits to 45,000 farmers and over 250 institutes, imparted training to several thousand farmers on advanced buffalo husbandry, and created the world's first online '''[[Buffalopedia]]''' in several languages. It has a large research partner network across India and the globe. It is the second institute to successfully clone a buffalo in 2016, after the first successful cloning was achieved by the [[National Dairy Research Institute]], [[Karnal]] in 2010.<ref name=CR3/> In July 2017, the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] ranked CIRB Hisar as India's number one Buffalo research institute for the year 2016–17.<ref name=jagran1>[http://www.jagran.com/haryana/hisar-16429094.html "लुवास का भैंस फार्म देश का सर्वश्रेष्ठ केंद्र घोषित (Hisar LUVAS Buffalo farm best in the nation)."], [[Dainik Jagran]], 25 July 2017.</ref>

India has 58% the world's buffaloes and 35% of India's cattle are buffaloes. Buffalo milk is 70% of the total milk yield in India, with its national gross domestic product (GDP) share being larger than wheat and rice combined. Buffalo meat makes up 86% of India's total meat exports, earning INR 26,000 crore (US$4 billion) in 2013–14.<ref name=Singh2010>Singh, C. V. and R. S. Barwal (2010). Buffalo Breeding Research and Improvement Strategies in India. Pages 1024–1031 in [http://vet.unne.edu.ar/revista/21-suple-1/12%20bufalos.pdf ''The Buffalo in the World''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213222834/http://vet.unne.edu.ar/revista/21-suple-1/12%20bufalos.pdf# |date=13 February 2013 }}.</ref> CIRB makes high-quality semen available for buffalo breeding at a very low cost to India's farmers. Semen and buffaloes, particularly the [[Murrah buffalo]], are exported to other nations worldwide for the improvement of the breed.<ref name=CR2>[http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/6765 Training on Advanced Buffalo Husbandry organized at CIRB, Hisar]</ref><ref name=CR5>Syed Mohmad Shah, Manmohan Singh Chauhan. 2017 [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1946556440 Reproduction in Buffalo: Natural and assisted reproductive techniques], Notion Press, Chennai. {{ISBN|1946556440}}</ref>

In January 2019, Haryana has 3,600,000 cattle (2,100,00 buffaloes and 1,500,000 cows) and state govt is making efforts to raise the average daily production to 10 liter per milch animal from the existing 6.8 liter, which compares poorly to global best practices such as 15 litres in Australia, 16 litres in New Zealand and 30 litres in Israel.<ref name=harcow1>[https://www.india.com/news/agencies/livestock-exhibition-fair-inaugurated-in-jhajjar-3490805/ Livestock exhibition fair inaugurated in Jhajjar], India.com, 22 December 2018.</ref><ref name=tech1/> MoU have been signed with Brazil to improve the cattle breed through [[Embryo transfer]] technique and another with Israel for milk production through [[genetic engineering]], [[Cattle feeding|cattle feed improvement]], [[cold chain]] and other technologies.<ref name=tech1>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/weekly-pullouts/haryana-tribune/livestock-fair-with-a-difference/712641.html Livestock fair with a difference], The Tribune, 12 January 2019.</ref>

== History ==
It came into existence on 1 February 1985 when the ''Progeny Testing Bull Farm Hisar'', which was earlier part of the [[Government Livestock Farm, Hisar]], was transferred from the [[Government of Haryana]] state to the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] for research on buffaloes (CIRB). On 11 December 1987, a sub-campus near the ''Bir Dosanjh Wildlife Sanctuary'' at Nabha in [[Patiala District]] was opened, to undertake research on the [[Nili-Ravi]] breed of buffalo found in Punjab. In 2016, it became world's second center to produce a cloned buffalo. The first ever successful cloning of buffalo was done by the [[National Dairy Research Institute]], [[Karnal]] in 2010<ref name=CR3>[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-cirb-becomes-india-s-second-centre-to-produce-a-cloned-buffalo-2164170 DNA India – CIRB becomes India's second centre to produce a cloned buffalo, 2016]</ref>

== Context: Buffalo and dairying ==
[[File:Murrah_buffalo.JPG|thumb|[[Murrah buffalo]] ([[Bubalus bubalis]]), globally famous local breed of [[Haryana]], were exported to many nations.]]
[[File:Búfalo Murrah.JPG|right|thumb|Murrah Buffalo in Brazilian Farm]]

===Buffalo population and role in economy===

As per the [[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]] (FAO), report, the global buffalo population was 148 million in 1992. Asia has 98% of the global buffalo population of nearly 194 million. In 2003, India had 98 million water buffalo (57% of world's buffalo population), followed by 23 million (12% of world's buffalo population) in China, and 3.2 million (1.6% of world's buffalo population) swamp-type [[carabao]] in the [[Philippine Carabao Center|Philippines]]. Buffalo play an important part in India's national and [[rural economics|rural economy]].

===Milk products ===
{{ see also | Dairy in India | List of Indian dairy products | Sattvic diet }}

Rich in zinc, calcium, proteins, magnesium, and vitamin D and B12, milk can be turned into various products such as liquid milk, ghee, curd, paneer, ice-cream, table butter, skimmed milk powder, frozen/flavoured yoghurt, fresh cream, lassi, butter milk, cheese, flavoured milk, UHT milk, dairy whitener, sweet condensed milk, infant food, an malt-based beverages. The dairy industry market size in Haryana is predicted to grow at 15% CAGR from 2021 to 2026, major players being Vita, Amul, Mother Dairy, Kwality, etc.<ref name=milk1>[https://murphyshockeylaw.net/uncategorized/3442072/dairy-industry-in-haryana-market-size-to-expand-at-a-cagr-of-15-during-2021-to-2026/ Dairy Industry in Haryana Market Size to Expand at a CAGR of 15% during 2021 to 2026], murphyshockeylaw.net, 30 July 2021.</ref>

=== Breeds at CIRB ===

The main local breeds at CIRB are the [[Murrah buffalo|Murrah]] and [[Nili-Ravi]] breeds, the former is researched at main campus at Hisar and the later is bred at the Bir Dosanjh sub-station. It also networks with other institutes to undertake research, and collate and disseminate information on the 10 recognised breeds of the Indian river buffalo: [[Bhadawari]], [[Banni buffalo|Banni]], [[Jafarabadi buffalo|Jafarabadi]], [[Marathwadi buffalo|Marathwadi]], [[Mehsana buffalo|Mehsana]], [[Murrah buffalo|Murrah]], [[Nagpuri (buffalo)|Nagpuri]], [[Nili-Ravi]], [[Pandharpuri]], [[Surti buffalo|Surti]], and [[Toda buffalo|Toda]] and Swamp buffalo found in Assam. Buffalo milk has 58% more calcium, 40% more protein and 43% less cholesterol than cow milk. Buffalo milk is a richer source of phosphorus, vitamin A, protein and contains high levels of natural antioxidants.<ref name=annr1/>

==CIRB organisation ==
===Objectives of CIRB===
The institute was set up with the following aims:

* Create a core breeding population of important buffalo breeds.
* Conducts comprehensive research on buffalo breeding and production, and transfer technology to the farmers, herders, institutes, NGOs, etc.
* Collate and disseminate comprehensive information on buffalo.

===Facilities at CIRB===
Facilities include 20 research laboratories, livestock, frozen semen library, air-conditioned, 125-seat audio-visual seminar hall, guest house with accommodations for 25 guests. The main campus is at Hisar, with a satellite campus at Nabha in Punjab, and two regional stations in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat respectively.<ref name=if1>S. S. Grewal, 1987, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq-BniaYy-IC Indian Farming], [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]], vol. 37, p. 5.</ref>

=== Administrative divisions of CIRB ===
There are 41 scientists, 45 technicians, 71 support and 20 administrative staff conducting research, testing, and training. The divisions are:<ref name=annr1/><ref name=CR1/><ref name=CR2/>

{{div col | colwidth= 15em }}
# General Admin
# Animal Nutrition & Feed Technology
# Animal Physiology & Reproduction and
# Animal Genetics & Breeding
# Transfer of Technology & Entrepreneurship
# Network Project on Buffalo Improvement
# Prioritizing, Monitoring and Evaluation (PME) cell
# Agriculture Knowledge Management Unit (AKMU)
# Results Framework Documents (AFD) cell
# ISO Management Committee
# Agricultural Farm section
# Animal Farm section
# Workshop section
# Estate and Electrical section
# Internal Security section
# Landscape section
# Guesthouse section
# Library section
# National Language section
# Vigilance officer
# Subcampus section
# PRO
# CPIO/APIO
{{div col end }}

== Extension and dissemination services ==

=== Annual Buffalo festival ===

Hisar Annual Buffalo festival is held every year at the main campus on CIRB foundation day of 1 February, as an extension and awareness day where usually more than 4,000 farmers and breeders attend. Another annual Buffalo ''[[mela]]'' is held at the Bir Dosanjh subcampus every year on 11 December.<ref name=annr1>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cirb.res.in/images/pdf_files/annualreport15-16.pdf |title=CIRB annual report 2015-16. |access-date=25 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720115045/http://cirb.res.in/images/pdf_files/annualreport15-16.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Gokul Gram ===
'''Hisar Gokul Gram''', established with the cost of INR5 caror (50 million), to train milk producers and [[Agricultural cooperative|primary cooperative milk societies]].<ref name=track1>[http://demosl56.rvsolutions.in/ernet/website-158-new/en/governance-track-record Track record]{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Universities and Colleges in Hisar]]
* [[List of institutions of higher education in Haryana]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikispecies|Bubalus bubalis|Water buffalo}}
{{AmCyc Poster|Buffalo (oxen)|Water buffalo}}

* {{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20160404204632/http://www.cirb.res.in:80/}}
* [https://www.buffalopedia.cirb.res.in/ Buffalopedia], created by CIRB Hisar
* [http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/bubaarne.htm Animal Info: ''Wild Asian (Water) Buffalo'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110124112549/http://www.abc.net.au/creaturefeatures/facts/buffalo.htm Creature features: ''Buffaloes'']
* [http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/other/ Breeds of Livestock: ''Murrah'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140715033818/http://buffaloqtl.org/ National Agricultural Innovation Project: ''Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Milk yield, Fat and Protein Percent in Buffaloes'']

{{Dairy Industry in India}}
{{Agriculture in India}}

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[[Category:Research institutes in Hisar (city)]]
[[Category:Agricultural universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Haryana]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Hisar (city)]]
[[Category:Animal husbandry in Haryana]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Research institutes established in 1985]]

Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 16:10, 29 August 2023