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{{Short description|Indian transport agency}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Central Organisation for Railway Electrification
| logo = Railways electrification.png
| logo_size = 200px
| type = [[Government of India|Government-owned]]
| foundation = 1979<ref name=Core-HomePage/>
| location_city = [[Allahabad]], Uttar Pradesh
| location_country = India
| location =
| locations = 
| key_people = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Railway Minister]] [[Piyush Goyal]] [[Chairman Railway Board (India)|Board Chairman]] V.K.Yadav General Manager Y.P.Singh
| area_served = India
| industry = [[Railways]], [[electrification]]
| products = Railway electrification
| services =
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]]
| Projects =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://core.indianrailways.gov.in/|core.indianrailways.gov.in}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Central Organisation for Railway Electrification''' ('''CORE'''), headquartered in [[Allahabad]] (Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh, India, is centralised agency for [[railway electrification]] of the [[Indian Railways]] network. The organisation, founded in 1979,<ref name=Core-HomePage>{{citation |url=https://core.indianrailways.gov.in |title=Home page |work=Central Organisation for Railway Electrification, Ministry of Railways, Government of India |access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref> is headed by a General Manager. Project units operate in [[Ambala]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Chennai]], [[Secunderabad]], [[Lucknow]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Jaipur]], [[Danapur]], and [[New Jalpaiguri]].

CORE headquarters is having Electrical, Signal and Telecommunications (S&T), Civil Engineering, Stores, Personnel, Vigilance and Finance departments. Railway Electrification project units, are headed by Chief Project Directors.

Indian Railways has electrified 45,881 Route kilometers (RKM) that is about 71% of the total Broad-Gauge network of Indian Railways (64,689 RKM, including Konkan Railway) by March 31, 2021 <ref name=Core-HomePage/> It is planned to electrify all routes of Indian Railways by 2024.<ref name=save1>{{cite web|title=Mission Electrification to save railways power bill by Rs. 13.51k crore|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2016/nov/04/mission-electrification-to-save-railways-power-bill-by-rs-10k-crore-1534699.html|work=The New Indian Express |date=4 November 2016|access-date=6 November 2016}}</ref> The entire electrified mainline rail network in India uses [[25 kV AC railway electrification|25 kV AC]]; DC is used only for [[Urban rail transit in India|metros]] and [[Trams in India|trams]].

==History==

===1500 V DC===
Railway electrification in India began with the first electric train (1500 V DC), between [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Bombay Victoria Terminus]] and [[Kurla]] on the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]'s (GIPR) Harbour Line, on 3 February 1925. Steep grades on the [[Western Ghats]] necessitated the introduction of electric traction on the GIPR to [[Igatpuri]] on the North East Line and to [[Pune]] on the South East Line. 1500 V DC traction was introduced on the suburban section of the [[Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway]] between [[Colaba]] and [[Borivili]] on 5 January 1928, and between [[Madras]] Beach and [[Tambaram]] of the [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway]] on 11 May 1931, to meet growing traffic needs. The last sections of 1500 V DC in India, from [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station|Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus Mumbai]] to [[Panvel]] and [[Thane]] to [[Vashi]], were upgraded to 25 kV AC in April 2016.

===3000 V DC===
The electrification of the [[Howrah]]-[[Burdwan]] section of the [[Eastern Railway Zone (India)|Eastern Railway]] at 3000 V DC was completed in 1958. The first 3000 V DC [[electric multiple unit|EMU]] service began on the [[Howrah]]-[[Sheoraphuli]] section on 14 December 1957. The last section of 3000 V DC in India, from [[Howrah]] to [[Burdwan]], was upgraded to 25 kV AC in 1968.

===25 kV AC===
{{main|25 kV AC railway electrification}}
The 25 kV AC system emerged as an economical form of electrification as a result of research and trials in Europe, particularly on French Railways ([[SNCF]]). Indian Railways decided to adopt the 25 kV AC system of electrification as a standard in 1957, with SNCF their consultant in the early stages, later taken over by the "50 c/s Group". The joint venture was founded in 1954 by several European railway manufacturers and was dedicated to the development and construction of locomotives powered by 50 Hz alternating current. It arranged the supply contracts for the WAM-1, WAG-1 and WAG-3 locomotives and its spare parts.

The first section electrified with the 25 kV AC system was Raj Kharswan–Dongoaposi, on the [[South Eastern Railway Zone, India|South Eastern Railway]], on 15 December 1959 and first electric train run. The first 25 kV AC [[electric multiple unit|EMU]]s, for [[Kolkata]] suburban service, were introduced in September 1962.

===Organisation===
The electrification office was established in [[Calcutta]] as Project Office for Railway Electrification (PORE) in 1951, when electrification of the [[Howrah]]–[[Bardhaman|Burdwan]] section of the [[Eastern Railway zone|Eastern Railway]] was begun. A general manager headed the Railway Electrification Organisation, established in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] in 1959. In 1961, the [[Northern Railway Zone (India)|Northern Railway]] electrification office (headed by an engineer-in-chief) was established in Allahabad for the electrification of the [[Mughalsarai]]–[[New Delhi]] section. In accordance with the 1978 J. Raj Committee report, a number of electrification projects were included and a railway-electrification headquarters established. Since most of the electrification projects were in [[Central India|Central]] and [[South India]], the electrification headquarters was established in [[Nagpur]] under an additional general manager from 1982 to 1984. The headquarters was moved to Allahabad under the additional general manager in January 1985 and was renamed Central Organisation for Railway Electrification (CORE). A general manager was appointed in July 1987.

===Electrification progress===

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! style="background:#cfb;"|Plan
! style="background:#cfb;"|Before 1951
! style="background:#cfb;"|1st
! style="background:#cfb;"|2nd
! style="background:#cfb;"|3rd
! style="background:#cfb;"|Annual plans
! style="background:#cfb;"|4th
! style="background:#cfb;"|5th
! style="background:#cfb;"|Interplan
! style="background:#cfb;"|6th
! style="background:#cfb;"|7th
! style="background:#cfb;"|Interplan
! style="background:#cfb;"|8th
|-
! style="background:#cfb;"|Period
! style="background:#cfb;"|1925–51
! style="background:#cfb;"|1951–56
! style="background:#cfb;"|1956–61
! style="background:#cfb;"|1961–66
! style="background:#cfb;"|1966–69
! style="background:#cfb;"|1969–74
! style="background:#cfb;"|1974–78
! style="background:#cfb;"|1978–80
! style="background:#cfb;"|1980–85
! style="background:#cfb;"|1985–90
! style="background:#cfb;"|1990–92
! style="background:#cfb;"|1992–97
|-
|Electrified (rkm)||388||529||216||1,678||814||953||533||195||1,522||2,812||1,557||2,708
|-
|Cumulative (rkm)||388||529||745||2,423||3,237||4,190||4,723||4,918||6,440||9,252||10,809||13,517
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! style="background:#cfb;"|Plan
! style="background:#cfb;"|9th
! style="background:#cfb;"|10th
! style="background:#cfb;"|11th
! style="background:#cfb;"|12th
! style="background:#cfb;"|13th
! style="background:#cfb;"|13th
! style="background:#cfb;"|13th
! style="background:#cfb;"|13th
|-
! style="background:#cfb;"|Period
! style="background:#cfb;"|1997–2002
! style="background:#cfb;"|2002–07
! style="background:#cfb;"|2007–12
! style="background:#cfb;"|2012–17
! style="background:#cfb;"|2017–18
! style="background:#cfb;"|2018-19
! style="background:#cfb;"|2019-20
! style="background:#cfb;"|2020-21
|-
|Electrified (rkm)||2,484||1,810||2,043||6,271||4,087|| 5,276||4,378||6,015
|-
|Cumulative (rkm)||16,001||17,811||19,854||26,125||30,212||35,488||39,866||45,881
|}

==Status==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! colspan="4" |State-wise electrification (broad gauge only) as of 1 Apr 2021<ref name="IRElec">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/ele_engg/pdf/RE%20Upload.pdf |title=Railway electrification |website= www.indianrailways.gov.in|format=PDF|access-date=2020-07-18}}</ref>
|-
! State
! Total route km
! Electrified route km
! % Electrification (BG to BG)

|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]||3823 ||3111|| 81.38
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]||12 ||0|| 0
|-
|[[Assam]]||2519 ||110|| 4.36
|-
|[[Bihar]]||3454||2688|| 77.82
|-
|[[Chandigarh]]||16 ||16|| 100
|-
|[[Chhattisgarh]]||1143||1029|| 90.03
|-
|[[Delhi]]||183||183|| 100
|-
|[[Goa]]||188 ||0|| 0
|-
|[[Gujarat]]||3686||1428|| 38.74
|-
|[[Haryana]]||1699||1520|| 89.46
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]||67|| 50|| 74.63
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]]||298||163|| 54.70
|-
|[[Jharkhand]]||2571||2130|| 82.85
|-
|[[Karnataka]]||3787||870|| 22.97
|-
|[[Kerala]]||1045||855|| 81.82
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]||4491||3747|| 83.43
|-
|[[Manipur]]||13 ||0|| 0
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]||9 ||0|| 0
|-
|[[Mizoram]]||2 ||0|| 0
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]||5678||3357|| 59.12
|-
|[[Nagaland]]||11 ||0|| 0
|-
|[[Odisha]]||2623||2492|| 95.01
|-
|[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]||2253||1119|| 49.67
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]||22||11|| 50.00
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]||5410||2102|| 38.85
|-
|[[Sikkim]]||0 ||0|| 0
|-
|[[Telangana]]||1823||1380|| 75.70
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]||3783||2397|| 63.36
|-
|[[Tripura]]||226 ||0|| 0
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]||8326||6094|| 73.19
|-
|[[Uttarakhand]]||341||141|| 41.35
|-
|[[West Bengal]]||4129||4129|| 100
|-
|Total (BG)||63631||45,881|| 72.10
|-
|}

Note:
*Total (BG + MG + NG) rkm: 68155 route km
*Total Electrification %: 62.69%

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! colspan="4" | Zone-wise electrification (broad gauge only) as of 1 Apr 2021<ref name="IRElec" />
|-
! Zone
! Total route km
! Electrified route km
! % Electrification (BG to BG)
|-
|CR
|3853
|2928
|75.99
|-
|ER
|2804
|2235
|79.71
|-
|ECR
|3883
|3336
|85.91
|-
|ECoR
|2771
|2677
|96.61
|-
|NR
|7057
|4816
|71.00
|-
|NCR
|3222
|2569
|79.73
|-
|NER
|2994
|1738
|60.00
|-
|NFR
|4112
|319
|7.76
|-
|NWR
|5083
|1801
|35.43
|-
|SR
|4834
|3381
|69.94
|-
|SCR
|6058
|3744
|61.8
|-
|SER
|2713
|2392
|88.17
|-
|SECR
|2099
|1863
|88.76
|-
|SWR
|3566
|731
|20.50
|-
|WR
|4,989
|3,128
|62.69
|-
|WCR
|3010
|3010
|100
|-
|KRCL
|740
|109
|14.73
|-
|''Kolkata Metro''
|27
|27
|100
|-
|Total (BG)
|63631
|45,881
|72.10
|}

Note:
*Total (BG + MG + NG) rkm: 68155 route km
*Total Electrification %: 62.69%

== Targets ==
* Target date for full electrification (Including new lines and gauge conversion): December 2024<ref name=save1 />
* Annual fuel savings after full electrification: {{INRConvert|13500|c|0|lk=c}}<ref name=save1 />

== Modernisation ==
{{see also|Future of rail transport in India}}

==={{anchor|Modernisation of equipment}}Equipment===
To reduce maintenance costs and improve the reliability of power-supply systems, CORE has adopted state-of-the-art technology: [[cast resin transformer]]s, [[Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker|SF6 circuit breakers]] or vacuum [[switchgear]], [[Insulator (electricity)#Design|long-creepage]] solid-core insulators and [[Polytetrafluoroethylene|PTFE]]-neutral sections. Eight-wheeled, self-propelled [[Overhead line|OHE]] inspection cars have been introduced to improve maintenance, and an OHE recording car has been requested to monitor the performance of overhead equipment.

==={{anchor|Supervisory Remote Control & Data Acquisition System (SCADA)}}SCADA===
The 220-132-25 kV power-supply network for electrification extends along the track for about {{convert|200|to|300|km}}. It is remotely controlled from the division control centre to ensure an uninterrupted power supply to the track overhead equipment. In electrification projects, a [[microprocessor]]-based [[SCADA|supervisory control and data acquisition]] [[control system]] is replacing the earlier electro-mechanical [[Strowger switch|Strowger]] system of remote-control equipment. SCADA can [[Telemetry|telemeter]] [[voltage]], [[Electric current|current]], maximum demand and [[power factor]] on a real-time basis, enabling control of maximum demand and electrical cost. The system also provides automatic troubleshooting and isolation of faulty sections.

==Other organisations involved in electrification==
Some electrification projects have been entrusted to other agencies like [[RVNL]] (2624 RKM), [[IRCON]] (170 RKM), [[PGCIL]] (597 RKM) and [[RITES]] (170 RKM) under the Ministry of Railways and small electrification projects are carried out by zonal railways.

==See also==
* [[Indian Railways]]
* [[List of railway electrification systems]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160331210755/http://www.core.indianrailways.gov.in/ CORE website at the Internet Archive]

{{Indian Railways}}
{{Railway electrification}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Railway companies of India]]
[[Category:Railway electrification by country]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Allahabad]]
[[Category:Electric rail transport in India]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Central Organisation for Railway Electrification - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 20:13, 13 August 2023