CleanupBot II at 20:15, 13 August 2023

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{{for|the Lebanese town|Chaat, Lebanon}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Chaat
| image = Bhalla Papri Chaat with saunth chutney.jpg
| caption = [[Bhalla (food)|Bhalla]] [[Papri chaat]] in [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt) with [[Sooth (chutney)|Saunth]] [[chutney]]
| alternate_name = Saat ([[Sylhet region|Sylhet]])
| country = [[India]]
| region = [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| creator =
| type = [[Snack]]
| served =
| main_ingredient =
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}

'''Chaat''' or '''chāt''' ([[ISO 15919|ISO]]: {{transl|hi|ISO|cāṭ}}; [[Hindi]]: चाट; [[Urdu]]: چاٹ; [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਚਾਟ; [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: ચાટ; [[Odia language|Odia]]: ଚାଟ୍; [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: চাট) is a savoury [[snack]] that originated in [[India]], typically served as an [[hors d'oeuvre]] at roadside tracks from stalls or [[food cart]]s across the [[Indian subcontinent]] in India, [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]], and [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Sanjay |last=Thumma |author-link=Sanjay Thumma |publisher=Vahrehvah.com |location=[[Hyderabad, India]] |title=Chaat Recipes |url=http://www.vahrehvah.com/Chaat_Recipes.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103083129/http://www.vahrehvah.com/Chaat_Recipes.php |archive-date=3 November 2012 |access-date=27 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://infokosh.bangladesh.gov.bd/detail.php?article_id=195&content_type=0&doc_type=5 |title=The Chaat Business |website=infokosh.bangladesh.gov.bd |language=bn |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121129011150/http://infokosh.bangladesh.gov.bd/detail.php?article_id=195&content_type=0&doc_type=5 |archive-date=29 November 2012 |access-date=17 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> With its origins in [[Uttar Pradesh, India]],<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Best Recipes From Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi/ Agra / Mathura )|url=http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213|work=NDTV|date=25 October 2013|access-date=26 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028034511/http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213|archive-date=28 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> chaat has become immensely popular in the rest of the Indian subcontinent. The word derives from Hindi ''cāṭ'' चाट (tasting, a delicacy), from ''cāṭnā'' चाटना (to lick, as in licking ones fingers while eating), from [[Prakrit]] ''caṭṭei'' चट्टेइ (to devour with relish, eat noisily).<ref name=oxford>Oxford English Dictionary. ''Chaat''. Mar. 2005 Online edition. Retrieved 18 February 2008.</ref>

==Overview==
[[File:Aloo Tikki served with chutneys.jpg|thumb|[[Aloo tikki]] served with ''hari'' ([[Mentha|mint]] and [[cilantro]]
chutney), [[Sooth (chutney)|saunth]] [[chutney]]s, and [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt)]]
The chaat variants are all based on fried dough, with various other ingredients. The original chaat is a mixture of potato pieces, crisp fried bread [[dahi vada]] or dahi bhalla, gram or chickpeas and tangy-salty spices, with sour Indian chili and [[Sooth (chutney)|saunth]] (dried ginger and tamarind sauce), fresh green coriander leaves and yogurt for garnish, but other popular variants included [[aloo tikki]]s or [[samosa]] (garnished with onion, coriander, hot spices and a dash of curd), [[bhel puri]], [[dahi puri]], [[panipuri]], [[dahi vada]], [[papri chaat]], and [[sev puri]].

There are common elements among these variants including [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt); chopped [[onions]] and [[coriander]]; [[sev (food)|sev]] (thin dried yellow salty noodles); and [[chaat masala]], typically consisting of [[amchoor]] (dried [[mango]] powder), [[cumin]], [[kala namak]] (Himalayan black rock salt), [[coriander]], dried [[ginger]], [[salt]], [[black pepper]], and [[Capsicum|red pepper]]. The ingredients are combined and served on a small metal plate or a banana leaf, dried and formed into a bowl.

==History==
Some scholars trace origins of chaats such as [[Dahi vada|Dahi Vada]] (Dahi Bare) to ancient periods. A recipe for dahi wada (as ''kshiravata'') is mentioned in ''[[Manasollasa]]'', a 12th-century Sanskrit encyclopedia compiled by [[Someshvara III]], who ruled from present-day [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite book|author=K.T. Achaya|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC&pg=PA85|title=The Story of Our Food|publisher=Universities Press|year=2003|isbn=978-81-7371-293-7|page=85}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Vishal|first=Anoothi|title=Chaat Masala: Gourmet Indian street food|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/chaat-masala-gourmet-indian-street-food/articleshow/73615337.cms|access-date=4 September 2020}}</ref> According to food historian [[K. T. Achaya|K.T Achaya]], descriptions of dahi vada also appear in literature from 500 B.C.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Krishna|first=Priya|date=17 August 2020|title=Chaat Is More Than the Sum of Its Many Flavors|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/17/dining/chaat-recipes-maneet-chauhan.html|access-date=4 September 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> According to culinary anthropologist Kurush Dalal, the Chaat originated in northern India (now [[Uttar Pradesh]]) in the late 17th century during the reign of Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan]]. He further added that the royal doctors had asked the people of Mughal capital Delhi to consume spicy and fried snacks as well as [[Yogurt|dahi]] as a countermeasure to the alkaline water of [[Yamuna river]] of the city so the Chaat was invented.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Ramadurai|first=Charukesi|date=3 June 2020|title=Pani Puri: India’s favourite street food... at home?|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200602-pani-puri-indias-favourite-street-food-at-home|access-date=25 August 2020|website=BBC Travel}}</ref>

Most chaats originated in some parts of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India,<ref>{{cite web|title=10 Best Recipes From Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi/ Agra / Mathura )|url=http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213|work=NDTV|date=25 October 2013|access-date=26 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028034511/http://cooks.ndtv.com/article/show/10-best-recipes-from-uttar-pradesh-437213|archive-date=28 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> but they are now eaten all across the [[Indian subcontinent]] and neighboring countries. Some are results of cultural [[syncretism]] - for instance, [[pav bhaji]] (bread/bun with cooked and mashed vegetables) originated in [[Mumbai]]<ref name="deccanherald">{{cite web|last1=Patrao|first1=Michael|title=Taking pride in our very own pav|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/32025/else-where.html|website=Deccan Herald|publisher=The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="mint">{{cite web|last1=Patel|first1=Aakar|title=What Mumbaikars owe to the American Civil War: ‘pav bhaji’|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/jydWXXQfOONBU8jaCtLAXO/What-Mumbaikars-owe-to-the-American-Civil-War-8216pav-bh.html|website=Live Mint|publisher=HT Media Limited|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> but reflects a Portuguese influence{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}, in the form of a [[bun]], and [[bhelpuri|bhel puri]] and [[sevpuri]], which originated in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="nyt94">{{cite news|title=CHOICE TABLES; Wide World of Food in the Capital|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/27/travel/choice-tables-wide-world-of-food-in-the-capital.html?pagewanted=4|access-date=19 March 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=27 November 1994}}</ref>

==Regions==
In cities where chaat is popular, there are popular chaathouses or ''dhabas'', such as Mumbai's [[Chowpatty Beach]]. The chaat specialities vary from city to city. Chaat from [[Delhi]] (from where it originated in its current form), [[Lucknow]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Mehrotra |first=Akash |date=27 February 2015 |title=Lucknow Food Trail: 10 Lucknowi delicacies and best eateries to savour them |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-lucknow-food-trail-10-lucknowi-delicacies-and-best-eateries-to-savour-them-2064705 |newspaper=DNA}}</ref> [[Prayagraj]], [[Kolhapur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Pune]], [[Agra]], [[Meerut]], [[Kolkata]], [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]], and [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]] are famous throughout India. In [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], chaat is mostly prepared by vendors hailing from [[Bihar]], and is different in taste.

==Types of chaat==
[[File:Aloo Chaat.jpg|thumb|Aloo Chaat]]
[[File:Delhi Chaat with saunth chutney.jpg|thumb|Delhi chaat with saunth chutney]]
[[File:Aloo chaat vendor, Connaught Place, New Delhi.jpg|thumb|Aloo chaat vendor, [[Connaught Place, New Delhi]]]]
[[File:Masala Poori made by street vendors in Bangalore, India.jpg|thumb|A plate of Masala poori made by street vendors in the chaat stalls near Bangalore]]
[[File:Basket Chat.jpg|thumb|Basket Chaat]]
[[File:Katori Chat.jpg|thumb|Katori Chat]]
* [[Aloo chaat]] - Potatoes (''aloo'' in Hindi) cut into small pieces, fried till crisp and served with [[chutney]]
* [[Aloo tikki]]
* Bedmi - [[Puri (food)|Puri]] stuffed with [[dal]] and fried till crisp. Typically served with aloo sabji and eaten for breakfast
* [[Bhalla (food)|Bhalla]]/[[aloo tikki]]
* [[Bhelpuri]]
* [[Ragda pattice|Ragda patties]] (Aloo Tikki Chaat)
* [[pancake#India|Cheela]]- [[Besan]] (chickpea flour) pancakes served with [[chutney]] and [[Sooth (chutney)|sooth]] (sweet chutney)
* [[Chotpoti]], mixture of boiled diced potatoes, boiled chickpeas and sliced onions and chillies with grated eggs on top. Many kinds of roasted spice powder are used in its preparation.
* [[Dahi puri]]
* [[Dahi vada]]
* [[Kachori]]- or Kachauri, with variants such as Khasta Kachuari
* Mangode - Similar to pakora, but [[besan]] paste is replaced with yellow [[moong]] paste
* [[Pakora]] - Different things such as [[paneer]], vegetable dipped in [[besan]] (chickpea/gram flour) paste and fried.
* [[Masalapuri]]
* Chana chaat
* [[Papri chaat]] - This contains fried patty called papri as an extra ingredient.
* Samosa chaat - [[samosa]] is broken into pieces with green and sweet chutney added to it.
* [[Sevpuri]]
* [[Pav bhaji]]
* Pav vada
* Dahi bhallay ki chaat (bhallay, potatoes, chickpeas, imli chutney, chaat masala, onions, tomatoes, curd (Dahi) etc.)
* Beetroot & potato chaat<ref>{{cite news |last=Moghul |first=Sobiya N. |date=25 October 2013 |title=Beetroot and potato chaat recipe |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-25/recipes/42481180_1_beetroot-canola-oil-chaat |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131115120100/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-10-25/recipes/42481180_1_beetroot-canola-oil-chaat |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 November 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=15 November 2013}}</ref>
* Dhaka chaat<ref>{{cite web|last=D.Nath|first=Subha|title=Dhaka chaat|url=https://chat24x7.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/popular-snacks-chaat-of-Dhaka-at-evening.pdf|access-date=9 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109192803/https://chat24x7.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/popular-snacks-chaat-of-Dhaka-at-evening.pdf|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Paneer chaat puri
* [[Salem, Tamilnadu#Cuisine|Thattu Vadai Set]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saravanan |first=S.P. |date=28 October 2015 |title=Salem's own evening Snack |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/salems-own-evening-snack/article7812120.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=22 January 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
*Dal ki chaat - Made with moong dal mixed with spices and chutney and accompanied with wheat biscuits. Popular in Meerut
*Raj kachori - a big hollow ball made with wheat and filled with sprouts, chickpeas, potatoes, bhalla and chutneys.
*Basket chat - Edible bowl made with potato and filled with sprouts, chickpeas, potato and chutneys . Popular in Lucknow
*Daulat ki chat - A sweet preparation made from keeping condensed milk in winter mist.
*Ram ladoo - Round fitters made from mong dal and served with raddish and grey chutney.
*Dabeli - a sweet and sour burger like Gujrati snack made with potatoes, sev and pomegranate

==See also==
* [[List of Indian snack foods]]
* [[List of tapas]] (Spanish snacks)
* {{portal-inline|Food}}
* [[Indore]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}

{{Indian dishes}}
{{Pakistani dishes}}
{{Street food}}

[[Category:Bangladeshi snack foods]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi fast food]]
[[Category:Pakistani snack foods]]
[[Category:Pakistani fast food]]
[[Category:Indian snack foods]]
[[Category:Bihari cuisine]]
[[Category:Nepalese cuisine]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian fast food]]
[[Category:Appetizers]]
[[Category:Gujarati cuisine]]
[[Category:Street food]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Pakistani cuisine]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi cuisine]]

Chaat - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 20:15, 13 August 2023