Ajay Kumar at 19:09, 23 July 2023

2023-07-23T19:09:40Z

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{{Short description|13th century Indian dynasty}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{For|other Chahamana dynasties|Chahamanas (disambiguation){{!}}Chahamanas}}
{{Infobox country
| common_name = Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura
|image_coat = Drachms of the Chauhans of Ranthambhor.jpg
|coa_size = 300px
|symbol_type =Drachms of the Chauhans of Ranthambhor
| conventional_long_name = Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura
| year_start = 1192 CE
| year_end = 1301 CE
| capital = Ranastambhapura
| government_type = monarchy
| p1 = Chahamanas of Shakambhari
| s1 = Delhi Sultanate
| flag_s1 = Delhi Sultanate Flag (catalan atlas).png
| today = [[India]]
}}
<mapframe text="Ranthambore in present-day India" width="300" height="400" zoom="4" longitude="76.46" latitude="26.02">
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"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Ranthambore Fort|Ranthambore]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [76.4553456, 26.019058] }
}
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</mapframe>
[[File:Parque nacional Ranthambore. Rajasthan.JPG|thumb|280px|The Ranthambore fort]]
The '''Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura''' were a 13th-century Indian dynasty. They ruled the area around their capital Ranastambhapura (Ranthambore) in present-day [[Rajasthan]], initially as vassals of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and later gained independence. They belonged to the Chahamana (Chauhan) clan of the [[Rajput]]s, and are also known as '''Chauhans of Ranthambore''' in vernacular Rajasthani bardic literature.

The Chahamana line of Ranastambhapura was established by [[Govindaraja IV|Govindaraja]], who agreed to rule as a vassal of the [[Ghurid]]s in 1192, after they defeated his father, the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Shakambhari Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraja III]]. Govindaraja's descendants gained and lost their independence to the Delhi Sultanate multiple times during the 13th century. [[Hammiradeva|Hammira]], the last king of the dynasty, adopted an expansionist policy, and raided several neighbouring kingdoms. The dynasty ended with his defeat against the Delhi Sultan [[Alauddin Khalji]] at the [[Siege of Ranthambore (1301)|Siege of Ranthambore]] in 1301.

== History ==

The Chahamana dynasty of Ranastambhapura was established by [[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja]], a member of the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Shakambhari Chahamana]] family (also known as the Chauhans of [[Ajmer]]).{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}} Govinda was the son of [[Prithviraja III]], who was defeated and killed in a battle with the [[Ghurids]], in 1192 CE. The [[Ghurid]] ruler [[Muhammad of Ghor]] appointed Govinda as his vassal at Ajmer. However, Prithviraja's brother Hari-raja de-throned him, and himself became the ruler of Ajmer.{{sfn|Narayan|1999|p=10}} Govinda then established a new kingdom with its capital at Ranastambhapura (modern Ranthambor). After the Muslim conquest of Ajmer, he granted asylum to Hari.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}

Balhana, the son of Govindaraja, is recorded as a vassal of the Delhi Sultan [[Iltumish]] in 1215 CE, but declared independence in the later years.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}} Balhana's elder son Prahlada succeeded him, and died in a lion-hunt. Prahlada's son Viranarayana was invited to Delhi by Iltumish, but was poisoned to death there.{{sfn|Sudan|1989|p=76}} Iltumish captured the fort in 1226 CE. Balhana's younger son Vagabhata then ascended the throne. He recaptured Ranthambore during the reign of the Delhi ruler [[Razia Sultana|Razia]] (r. 1236-1240). He successfully defended the fort against the Delhi Sultanate's invasions in 1248 and 1253 CE.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}

Vagbhata's son [[Jaitrasimha]] achieved military successes against [[Paramara dynasty|Paramaras of Malwa]] and other chiefs. He, however, lost his sovereignty to [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasir-ud-din]], and ended up paying tribute to the Delhi Sultanate.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}

[[Hammiradeva|Hammira-Deva]], the last ruler of the dynasty, was also its most powerful ruler. He ascended the throne sometime between 1283 and 1289 CE.{{sfn|Sharma|1970|p=828}} ''[[Hammira Mahakavya]]'', his biography by Nayachandra, is one of the few non-Muslim sources for the region's history from that period, and enables the historians to verify the accounts of the Muslim chronicles.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}} The Balvan inscription of 1288 CE mentions that Hammira captured the elephant force of [[Arjunavarman II|Arjuna II]], the Paramara king of Malwa.{{sfn|Sharma|1975|p=124}} The ''Hammira-Mahakavya'' suggests that he also defeated Arjuna's successor [[Bhoja II (Paramara dynasty)|Bhoja II]],{{sfn|Majumdar|1966|pp=85-86}} marched to [[Chittor Fort|Chitrakuta]], conquered [[Medapata]], and forced the submission of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king of Abu. Afterwards, he sacked [[Vardhamanapura]], conquered [[Pushkar|Pushkara]], [[Shakambari]], and various other locations before returning to his capital.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}} Hammira's wars with other Hindu chiefdoms made him unable to form an alliance against the Muslim [[Delhi Sultanate]]. He successfully resisted invasions by [[Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji|Jalal-ud-din]] and [[Alauddin Khalji|Ala-ud-din]]'s general [[Ulugh Khan]], but was finally killed in a [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Ranthambore|1301 invasion]] led by Ala-ud-din Khalji.{{sfn|Sen|1999|p=336}}

== List of rulers ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Chauhan rulers of Jalor
!Serial no.
!Kings
!Regin
|-
|1
|[[Govindaraja IV|Govinda-raja]]
|1192
|-
|2
|Balhana-deva
|
|-
|3
|Prahlada-deva
|
|-
|4
|Viranarayana
|
|-
|5
|Vagabhata
|
|-
|6
|Jaitra-simha
|
|-
|7
|Shakti-deva
|
|-
|8
|[[Hammiradeva|Hammira-deva]]
|1283–1311
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |first=Ramesh Chandra |last=Majumdar |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The struggle for empire |url=https://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |year=1966 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan }}
* {{cite book |first=Jagat |last=Narayan |title=Ajmer and the Mughal Emperors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jJuAAAAMAAJ |year=1999 |publisher=Neha Vikas }}
* {{cite book |last=Sen |first=Shailendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA336 |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age International |year=1999 |isbn=9788122411980 }}
* {{cite book |first=Dasharatha |last=Sharma |author-link=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties: A Study of Chauhān Political History, Chauhān Political Institutions, and Life in the Chauhān Dominions, from 800 to 1316 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |year=1975 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-0-8426-0618-9 }}
* {{cite book |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526) |first=G. N. |last=Sharma |volume=5 |editor=Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ |year=1970 |publisher= Indian History Congress / People's }}
* {{cite book |last=Sudan |first=Anita |title=A study of the Cahamana inscriptions of Rajasthan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7VHAAAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Research Publishers }}

{{ref end}}

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]]
[[Category:12th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:13th-century disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Dynasties of the Rajputs]]

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 19:09, 23 July 2023