>Kwamikagami at 05:38, 6 April 2021

2021-04-06T05:38:44Z

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{{Infobox language
| name = Chambeali
| nativename = 𑚏𑚢𑚶𑚠𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯, चम्बयाली <br />cambayālī
| familycolor = Indo-European
| iso3 = cdh
| glotto = cham1307
| glottorefname = Chambeali
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[North-Western Indo-Aryan languages|North-Western]]
| fam5 = [[Western Pahari]]
| dia3 = Gadi Chameali
| dia2 = Bansbari
| region = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| dia1 = Bansyari
| states = [[Chamba district|Chamba]]
| script = [[Takri script|Takri]], [[Devanagari]]
| ld1 = Chambeali
| image = cname.png
| imagecaption = Chambyali written in Takri
}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}'''Chambeali''' ([[Takri script|Takri]]: {{Lang|cdh|𑚏𑚢𑚶𑚠𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯}}) is a language spoken in the [[Chamba district]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. {{wtc|Chambeali language}}

== Classification ==
The Chambeali language is a part of the North-Western branch of the Indo-Aryan languages. It is further classified as a member of the Western-Pahari group. The language has a high degree of [[mutual intelligibility]] with neighbouring [[Pahari languages]] like [[Mandeali dialect|Mandeali]] (83%).<ref>{{Cite web|title=intelligibility|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/CDH}}</ref>

== Geographic distribution ==
=== Official status ===
The language is commonly called [[Pahari language|Pahari]] or [[Western Pahari|Himachali]]. Some speaker may even call it a dialect of Punjabi or [[Dogri language|Dogri]]. The language has no official status and is recorded as dialect of Hindi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Language Census|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf}}</ref> According to the [[UNESCO|United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)]], the language is of definitely endangered category, i.e. many Chambeali children are not learning Chambeali as their mother tongue any longer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Endangered languages|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered}}</ref> Earlier the language got huge amount of state patronage. Everything changed since independence, due to favoritism towards Hindi by the Indian Government.

The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pahari Inclusion|work=Zee News|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/himachal-pradesh/hp-for-inclusion-of-pahari-language-in-eighth-schedule_615857.html}}</ref> There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are taking upto themselves to save the language and demanding it.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pahari Inclusion|work=The Statesman|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/demand-for-pahari-as-language-in-8th-schedule-of-constitution-1479046804.html}}</ref> Due to political interest, the language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi, even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it and having a higher mutual intelligibility with other recognised languages like Dogri.

=== Dialects ===
There are three dialects of the language<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chambeali|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1617}}</ref> as follows:

# Bansyari
# Bansbari
# Gadi Chambeali

== Writing system ==
The native script of the language is [[Takri script]]. The Chambeali version of Takri script has been encoded as the standard for Takri script under Unicode. This version resembles other version of the script.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Takri|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09111-takri.pdf}}</ref>[[File:Chambi.png|thumb|Specimen in Chambyali Takri|alt=|center]]

== Vocabulary ==

=== Name of months ===
Traditionally, the month formats is based on [[Hindu calendar]].
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of Months in Chambeali
!{{Lang|cdh|𑚏𑚢𑚶𑚠𑚣𑚭𑚥𑚯}}
!चम्बयाली
!Transliteration (ITRANS)
!English
|-
|𑚏𑚳𑚙𑚤
|चैतर
|chaitara
|March-April
|-
|𑚠𑚨𑚭𑚸
|बसाख
|basAkha
|April-May
|-
|𑚑𑚳𑚕
|जैठ
|jaiTha
|May-June
|-
|𑚩𑚭𑚖
|हाड
|hADa
|June-July
|-
|𑚨𑚵𑚘
|सौण
|sauNa
|July-August
|-
|𑚡𑚭𑚛𑚶𑚤𑚴
|भाद्रो
|bhAdro
|August-September
|-
|𑚨𑚱𑚑
|सूज
|sUja
|September-October
|-
|𑚊𑚭𑚙𑚮
|काति
|kAti
|October-November
|-
|𑚢𑚍𑚳𑚤
|मघैर
|maghaira
|November-December
|-
|𑚞𑚴𑚩
|पोह
|poha
|December-January
|-
|𑚢𑚭𑚍
|माघ
|mAgha
|January-February
|-
|𑚟𑚵𑚌𑚘
|फौगण
|phaugaNa
|February-March
|}

== References ==

{{reflist}}
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}
[[Category:Pahari languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]

Chambeali - Revision history

>Kwamikagami at 05:38, 6 April 2021