>Leschnei at 12:17, 28 May 2021

2021-05-28T12:17:18Z

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{{Other uses}}
{{More footnotes|date=April 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chanderi
|other_name = Chendaree
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Chanderi.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View of Chanderi town from kila Kothi. The Chaubisi Jain temple with 24 shikharas, installed in 1836 by [[Bhattaraka]] Harichand of [[Sonagir]], is in the center.
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.72|N|78.13|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ashoknagar district|Ashoknagar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 11th century
| founder = Raja Shishupal (mentioned in [[Mahabharata]])
| named_for = Chedi Kingdom
| government_type = City Municipality Board
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 10.7
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 456
| population_total = 33,081<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/802407-chanderi.html|title=Chanderi Municipality City Population Census 2011-2020 | Madhya Pradesh|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 3rd in [[Ashoknagar District]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bundelkhandi]], [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 473446
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07547
| registration_plate = MP 67
| website = chanderi.nic.in
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chanderi''', is a town of historical importance in [[Ashoknagar District]] of the state [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]]. It is situated at a distance of 127 km from [[Shivpuri]], 37 km from [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]], 55 km from [[Ashoknagar (Madhya Pradesh)|Ashok Nagar]] and about 46 km from [[Isagarh]]. It is surrounded by hills southwest of the [[Betwa River]]. Chanderi is surrounded by hills, lakes and forests and is spotted with several monuments of the [[Bundela]] [[Rajput]]s and [[Malwa]] [[sultan]]s. It is famous for ancient [[Jain]] Temples.
Its population in 2011 was 33,081.

==History==
[[File:1528 Chanderi fort-large.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Mughal Army]] of [[Babur]] capture [[Chanderi fort]].]]

Chanderi is mentioned by the Persian scholar [[Alberuni]] in 1030.
[[Ghiyas ud din Balban]] captured the city in 1251 for [[Nasiruddin Mahmud (grandson of Iltutmish)|Nasiruddin Mahmud]], [[Sultan of Delhi]]. Sultan [[Mahmud I Khilji]] of [[Malwa]] captured the city in 1438 after a siege of several months. [[Rana Sanga]] of [[Mewar]] conquer much of the [[Malwa]] along with Chanderi and appointed his vassal [[Medini Rai]] a rebellious minister of Sultan Mahmud II of Malwa as ruler of [[Malwa]] under his lordship.Medini Rai made Chanderi as capital of his kingdom.{{sfn|Chaursai|pp=156-157}} In the [[Battle of Chanderi]], the Mughal Emperor [[Babur]] captured the fort from [[Medini Rai]] and witnessed the macabre [[Rajput]] rite of [[jauhar]], in which, faced with certain defeat and in an attempt to escape dishonor in the hands of the enemy, women with children in their arms jumped in a fire pit to commit suicide, which was made for this specific purpose, against the background of vedic hymns recited by the priests. [[Jauhar]] was performed during the night and in the morning the men would rub the ashes of their dead women folk on their forehead, don a saffron garment known as kesariya, chew tulsi leaves (in India tulsi leaves are placed in the mouth of a dead body), symbolizing their awareness about impending death and resolve to fight and die with honour. This method of fighting & dying for the cause of retaining honour was called "SAKA".,<ref>''The Mughal Throne'' by Abraham Eraly pg 33</ref> Earlier Babur offered Shamsabad to [[Medini Rai]] instead of Chanderi fort as it had great importance in conquering [[Malwa]] but he refused and choose to die fighting {{sfn|Satish Chandra|2006|pp=36}}

In 1540 it was captured by [[Sher Shah Suri]], and added to the governorship of [[Shujaat Khan]].
The Mughal Emperor [[Akbar]] made the city a ''sarkar'' in the ''subah'' of Malwa.<ref>Abū al-Fazl ibn Mubārak, The Ain - I - Akbari, Volume 2, page 196</ref> According to Ain-e-Akbari, the autobiography of Akbar, Chanderi had 14000 stone houses and boasted of 384 markets, 360 spacious caravan sarais (resting place) and 12,000 mosques.

The [[Bundela]] Rajputs captured the city in 1586, and it was held by Ram Sab, a son of Raja Madhukar of [[Orchha]]. In 1680 Devi Singh Bundela was made governor of the city, and Chanderi remained in the hands of his family until it was annexed in 1811 by [[Jean Baptiste Filose]] for the [[Maratha]] ruler [[Daulat Rao Sindhia]] of [[Gwalior state|Gwalior]].
The city was transferred to the [[British India|British]] in 1844.
The British lost control of the city during the [[Revolt of 1857]], and the city was recaptured by [[Hugh Henry Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn|Hugh Rose]] on 14 March 1858. [[Richard Harte Keatinge]] led the assault, for which he was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]]. The city was transferred back to the Sindhias of [[Gwalior]] in 1861, and became part of [[Isagarh District]] of Gwalior state.

After India's independence in 1947, Gwalior became part of the new state of [[Madhya Bharat]], which was merged into [[Madhya Pradesh]] on 1 November 1956.

==Geography==
Chanderi is located at {{Coord|24.72|N|78.13|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Chanderi.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Chanderi, India|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 456 metres (1496 feet).

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Chanderi had a population of 28,313. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%.

==Places of interest==
* Shri Choubisi Bada Mandir
* Shri Parasnath Digambar Jain Purana Mandir Jain Temple
* Shri Khandargiri Jain Temple
* Shri Thobon Ji Jain Temple
* Shri Chandraprabha Digambar Jain Temple
* Bawari Masjid
* Jami Masjid, Chanderi
* Kati Ghati
* Battisi Bawri
* badal mahal
* Koshiq Mahal
* Shahzadi Ka Rauza
* Jageswari Devi Temple
* Chanderi Museum
* Khandar Giri Atishay Khetra
* Malan Kho
* Baiju Bawra's Samadhi (Cenotaph)
* Janki Nath Temple<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nagoriyamath.org/chanderi.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-11-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116134107/http://www.nagoriyamath.org/chanderi.html |archivedate=2010-11-16 }}</ref>

==Access==
There is a good roadway network in Chanderi. The town lies at State Highway 20 and National Highway 376 with connections to Ashoknagar, ISHAGARH, Lalitpur etc.
There is no Railway line in Chanderi neither nearby. A proposed Railway line was enacted in 2014 as Pipraigaon-Chanderi-Lalitpur line of Northern Railways, Which will be in progress soon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/news/post/pipraigaon-and-lalitpur-via-chanderi/116322|title=Pipraigaon and Lalitpur via Chanderi - Railway Enquiry|website=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=2020-02-06}}</ref>

One can easily visit Chanderi via
* [[Lalitpur, India|Lalitpur]] 40 km from Chanderi. Well connected by road Lalitpur is situated on the Bhopal-Jhansi railway route and is also a stop for a number of important trains.
* [[Mungaoli]] 38 km from Chanderi. Mungaoli is well connected by road and is situated on the Bina-Kota railway route and express trains from [[Bina Etawa]] and [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]] halt at Mungaoli.
* [[Ashoknagar (Madhya Pradesh)|Ashok Nagar]] 65 km from Chanderi. Situated on the Bina-Kota railway route. Many passenger trains and few express like the Ahemdabad-Varanasi Express (Sabarmati Exp), Jabalpur-Jaipur-Ajmer Express (Dayodaya Superfast Exp), Okha-Gorakhpur Express, Santragachi-Ajmer Express, Ujjain-Dehradun Express (Ujjaini Exp), Puri-Bikaner Express, Durg-Jaipur Express, Tambaram (Chennai) - Bhagat Ki Kothi (Jodhpur) Express, Durg-Ajmer Express, Surat-Muzaffarpur Express, Ajmer-Kolkata Express, Bhopal-Gwalior Express, Indore-Jabalpur Express halt at the Ashok Nagar station.

==Jainism at Chanderi==
The Chanderi area has been a major center of [[Jain]] culture. It was a major center of the [[Parwar (Jain)|Parwar]] Jain community. There are a number of Jain places nearby- Gurilagiri (7 km), Aamanachar (29 km), Bithala (19 km), Bhamon (16 km), Khandargiri (2 km), Thuvanji (22 km) and Bhiyadant (14 km), and [[Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh]] (20 km, across the border).

The Jain [[Bhattaraka]]s of [[Mula Sangh]], [[Balatkara Gana]] had a center at Chanderi that flourished for several centuries. The lineage, as constructed by Pt. Phulachandra Shastri is as following:
[[File:Chanderi Fort.jpg|thumb|View of Chanderi Fort]]
[[File:Adinath.jpg|thumb|It is a 45 feet tall rock cut murti of the first [[Jainism|Jain]] [[Tirthankara]] [[Rishabhanatha|Rishabhnath]], popularly known as [[Rishabhanatha|Adinath]]]]

# Devendrakirti (see [[Balatkara Gana]]), who awarded [[Singhai]] title in 1436 CE (see [[Parwar (Jain)]])
# Tribhuvanakirti (anointed in [[Vikram Samvat]] 1522),
# Sasasrakirti
# Padmanandi
# Yashahkirti
# Lalitkirti
# Dharmakirt
#Padmakirti (died Vikram Samvat 1717)
# Sakalakirti
# Surendrakirti (pratishtha in Vikram Samvat 1746)

A branch of this lineage continued at Sironj.

# Jagatkirti (pupil of Dharmakirti above)
# Tribhuvanakirti
# Narendrakirti
# Unknown
# Rajkirti
# Devendrakirti (pratishtha in samvat 1871)

;Jain Temple
List of Jain temples at Chanderi:<ref>{{cite web|title=Jainism at Chanderi|url=http://chanderi.net/Jainism.php|work=chanderi.net|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317184147/http://chanderi.net/Jainism.php|archivedate=2012-03-17}}</ref>

# '''Shri Choubeesee Bara Mandir :''' This temple has 2 parts with front part is known as Bara mandir and back part called Choubeesee mandir. As suggested by inscription this temple was built around year 1293(V.S. 1350). This temple was renovated in 13th to 18th century. This temple has 24 idols for 24 [[Tirthankara|Tirthankars]] and these idols are made by the stones of actual colors as the [[Tirthankara|Tirthankar]]. All idols are same in dimensions, which is very difficult in real.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jainteerth.com/madhya-pradesh-m-p-jain-teerth/shri-digamber-jain-atishaya-kshetra-choubeesee-bara-mandir-chanderi/|title=Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra Choubeesee Bara Mandir, Chanderi. | JainTeerth.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jain.org.in/tirth-Chanderi,%20M.P.html|title=Jain-Tirth-Shri Bhojpur, M.P|website=jain.org.in|access-date=2020-02-06}}</ref>

# '''Shri Parasnath Digamber Jain Purana mandir Jain temple :''' It is one of the oldest jain temple in chanderi containing idols of Shri Prasnath ji of 7th century.

# '''Shri Khandargiri Jain temple :''' It is one of the most famous religious site in Chanderi. This temple has a 45 feet carved idol of [[Rishabhanatha|Rishabhnatha]]. Inscriptions suggest that this statue is over 700 years old.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chanderi.org/2010/05/05/khandargiri-temple/|title=Khandargiri Temple|date=5 May 2010}}</ref> Six caves have been cut out of the hillside. Inside there are a number of religious carvings of Jain saints and decorations carved into the existing hillside. The oldest cave is cave 6 that dates back to 1236.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mptourandtravels.com/Place_Of_Interest_Chanderi4.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816135943/http://www.mptourandtravels.com/Place_Of_Interest_Chanderi4.aspx |archive-date=16 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# '''Shri thobonji Jain temple :''' This temple belongs to 9th century.<ref name="auto"/> Moolnayak of this temple is light blue colored idol colossal of Adinath of height 36 feet 8 inches. The other colossal idols in this temple are Bhagwan [[Parshvanatha|ParshVanatha]] of height 13 feet 4 inches and Bhagwan Parshwanath of height 12 feet 6 inches.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/Madhyapradesh/Thuvanji.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828142803/http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/Madhyapradesh/Thuvanji.htm |archive-date=28 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
# '''Shri Chandraprabha digambar Jain temple :''' This temple is dedicated to [[Chandraprabha]], the 8th tirthankar of Jainism. Oldest inscription date back to year 967 AD.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chanderi.org/2010/05/05/chandraprabh-jain-temple/|title=Chandraprabh Jain Temple | Chanderi.org}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
* [[Stree (2018 film)|Stree]] – The 2018 horror-comedy film [[Stree (2018 film)|Stree]], about a witch who abducts men at night, is set and shot in the town of Chanderi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/stree-preview-boo-rajkummar-rao-shraddha-kapoor-blend-comedy-and-spook-1908828|title=Stree Preview: Boo. Rajkummar Rao, Shraddha Kapoor Blend Comedy And Spook|work=NDTV.com|access-date=2018-08-31}}</ref>
* [[Sui Dhaaga]] – Some parts of this [[Anushka Sharma]] and [[Varun Dhawan]] starrer film were shot in Chanderi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/sui-dhaaga-anushka-sharma-varun-dhawan-begin-shooting-in-bylanes-of-chanderi-madhya-pradesh-4354029.html|title=Sui Dhaaga: Anushka Sharma, Varun Dhawan begin shooting in bylanes of Chanderi, Madhya Pradesh- Entertainment News, Firstpost|work=Firstpost|access-date=2018-09-14|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Gudiya Hamari Sabhi Pe Bhari|Gudiya Humari Sabhi Pe Bhari]] serial shot in Chanderi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patrika.com/gwalior-news/sarika-of-the-city-will-be-seen-in-the-serial-gudiya-hamari-sabhi-pe-5012850/|title=सीरियल 'गुड़िया हमारी सभी पे भारी' में दिखेंगी शहर की सारिका|website=www.patrika.com|language=hindi|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref> starting with Chanderi Bus stand whose named Lalitpur Bus Adda and background of Kila Kothi.

In the episode of 1, 2 and 3 January 2020 respectively, they telecast Chanderi's places which filmed in Chanderi's palace, Jageshwari mandir, Laxman mandir, panbeshwar talab and Kuku Taal (Kuku talaiya).

==See also==
* [[Chanderi sari]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===

* {{Cite book|author=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0123-4|language=en}}
*
* Hunter, William Wilson, James Sutherland Cotton, Richard Burn, William Stevenson Meyer, eds. (1909).
* ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', vol. 9. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Chanderi}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070420015749/http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/chanderi.asp Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra Choubeesee Bara Mandir, Chanderi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070416190244/http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/khandargiri.asp Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra Khandargiri]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070413034723/http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/Thuvonji.asp Shri Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra Thuvonji]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180327122806/http://chanderigi.com/ Chanderi Geographical Index Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080905170737/http://chanderifilm.com/ Film on the master weavers of Chanderi]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=9XlUdM_lBHsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Chanderi: Travel Guide''] [[Goodearth Publications]], New Delhi, 2006. ({{ISBN|978-81-87780-96-0}})

{{Gwalior Division}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Ashoknagar district]]
[[Category:Jain rock-cut architecture]]
[[Category:9th-century Jain temples]]
[[Category:13th-century Jain temples]]

Chanderi - Revision history

>Leschnei at 12:17, 28 May 2021