https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=ChandraprabhaChandraprabha - Revision history2026-07-30T20:38:34ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Chandraprabha&diff=493460&oldid=prevSylvin Thomas at 17:42, 12 April 20262026-04-12T17:42:38Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{not confuse|Candraprabha}}<br />
{{Short description|8th Jain Tirthankara}}{{Infobox deity<br />
| type = Jain<br />
| deity_of = 8th Jain [[Tirthankara]]<br />
| image = Tirthankar Chandraprabha.jpg<br />
| caption = Idol of Chandraprabha Bhagwan at a Jain Temple in Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, India<br />
| alt = Chandraprabha<br />
| venerated_in = [[Jainism]]<br />
| other_names = Chanda Prabhu<br />
| symbol = [[Crescent|Crescent Moon]]<br />
| color = [[White]]<br />
| father = Mahāsena<br />
| mother = Lakṣmaṇā<br />
| height = 150 [[Dhanusha (unit)|bows]] (450 meters)<br />
| age = 1,000,000 purva (70.56 [[Quintillion]] years)<br />
| tree = <br />
| predecessor = [[Suparshvanatha]]<br />
| successor = [[Pushpadanta]]<br />
| birth_place = [[Varanasi|Chandrapuri]]<br />
| moksha_place = [[Shikharji|Sammed Shikhar]]<br />
| dynasty = [[Solar dynasty|Ikṣvākuvaṁśa]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}{{Jainism}}<br />
<br />
'''Chandraprabha''' ({{Langx|en|Lord of Moon}}{{sfn|Coulter|Turner|2013|p=277}}) or '''Chandranatha''' is the eighth [[Tirthankara]] of {{lang|sa-Latn|[[Tīrthaṅkara]]}} of [[Jainism]] in the present age ({{lang|sa|[[Avasarpini]]}}). According to traditional accounts, he was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi at Chandrapuri to the [[Ikshvaku dynasty]]. According to [[Jain texts]], his birth-date was the twelfth day of the Posh Krishna month of the Indian calendar. He is said to have become a [[Siddha#Jainism|siddha]], a liberated soul which has destroyed all of its [[Karma in Jainism|karma]].<br />
<br />
== Jain biography ==<br />
Chandraprabha was the eighth Jain ''[[tirthankara|Tīrthankara]]'' of the present age (''[[avasarpini]]'').{{sfn|Tukol|1980|p=31}} He was born to King Mahasena and Queen Lakshmana Devi at [[Chandrawati Jain temple|Chandrapuri]],{{sfn|Singh|2009|p=35}} [[Varanasi]] on 12th day month [[Pausa]] in the [[Ikshvaku]] clan.{{sfn|von Glasenapp|1925|pp=300–301}}{{sfn|Tukol|1980|p=31}}{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=142}}<ref>{{cite news |date=August 25, 2015 |first=Binay |last=Singh |title=4 Jain Tirthankaras born in Varanasi {{!}} Varanasi News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/4-jain-tirthankaras-born-in-varanasi/articleshow/48664869.cms |access-date=3 September 2022 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Nine months before the birth of ''Chandraprabha'', Queen ''Lakshmana Devi '' dreamt the sixteen most [[Auspicious dreams in Jainism|auspicious dreams]].{{sfn|Jain|2015|p=189}} Mahasena named Tirthankar Chandraprabha because of his complexion was white as moon. According to [[Uttarapurana]], [[Indra#Jainism|Indra]] named him Chandraprabha because at his birth the earth and night-lotus were blossomed.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=142}}<br />
<br />
Chandraprabha's height is mentioned as 150 [[Dhanusha (unit)|dhanusha]].{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=190}} He is said to have lived for 1,000,000 ''[[purva]]''.{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=190}} He spent 2<math>\tfrac{1}{2}</math> lakh ''pūrva'' as youth (''kumāra kāla'') and ruled His kingdom for 6<math>\tfrac{1}{2}</math> lakh ''pūrva'' and 24 ''pūrvāṇga'' (''rājya kāla''). During his rule, Chandraprabhu was apathetic towards the ordinary delights and princely grandeur.{{sfn|Jain|2015|p=190}} He decided to renounced his worldly life, soon after his ascension to throne and after 3 months he obtained [[Kevala Jnana]] (omniscience) while mediating under ''[[Couroupita guianensis|Naga tree]]''.{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=142}}<br />
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After a many years of spreading his knowledge, he is said to have attained [[moksha (Jainism)|nirvana]] at [[Sammed Shikharji]] on the seventh day of the bright half of the month of ''faalgun''.{{sfn|Jain|2015|p=189}}{{refn|group=note|Some texts refer to the place as Mount Sammeta.{{sfn|Jacobi|1964|p=275}} This place is revered in Jainism because 20 out of 24 Jinas died here.{{Sfn|Cort|2010|pp=130–133}} }}<br />
<br />
Chandraprabha is said to have been born 900 ''crore sagara'' after his predecessor, [[Suparsvanatha]].{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=190}} His successor, [[Pushpadanta]], is said to have been born 90 ''crore sagara'' after him.{{sfn|Finegan|1952|p=190}}<br />
<br />
The ''[[yaksha]]'' and ''[[yakshi]]'' of Shantinatha are ''Śyāma'' and ''[[Jvālāmālinī]]'' according to [[Digambara]] tradition and ''Vijaya'' and ''Bhṛkuṭi'' according to [[Śvētāmbara]] tradition.{{Sfn|Shah|1987|p=142}}<br />
<br />
According to [[Digambara]] ''Vaidarbha Svami'' and ''Varuṉā'' were the chief ''[[Ganadhara]]'' and ''[[Aryika]]'' of the Chandraprabha disciples and ''Dinna'' and ''Vāruṇī'' according to [[Śvētāmbara]].{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=142}}{{sfn|Jain|2015|p=190}}<br />
<br />
== Legacy ==<br />
=== Worship ===<br />
''Jinastotrāņi'' is a collection of hymn dedicated to Chandraprabha along with [[Munisuvrata]], [[Neminatha]], [[Shantinatha]], Mahavira, Parshvanatha and Rishabhanatha.{{sfn|Lienhard|1984|p=137}}<br />
<br />
''Svayambhūstotra'' by ''[[Samantabhadra (Jain monk)|Acharya Samantabhadra]]'' is the adoration of twenty-four ''Tīrthankaras''. Its five slokas ([[aphorism]]s) are dedicated to ''Tīrthankara Chandraprabha''.{{sfn|Jain|2015|p=44-50}}<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|With complexation bright as the rays of the moon you had the radiated knowledge like another moon. You are worshiped by eminent beings; you are the Lord of learned ascetic; and had conquered all your karmas and internal passion. I bow to you, O Lord Chandraprabha, the processor of moonlike splendour.|Svayambhūstotra (8-1-36){{sfn|Jain|2015|p=52}} }}<br />
<br />
Chandraprabha is associated with crescent moon emblem, Naga tree, Vijya or Śyāma (Dig.) & Vijya (Svet.) [[Yaksha]] and [[Jwalamalini]] (Dig.) & Bhṛkuṭi (Svet.) [[Yakshi]].{{Sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=5}}{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=142}}{{sfn|Tandon|2002}}<br />
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=== In literature ===<br />
''Chandraprabha-charitra'' composed by [[Haribhadra]] is an adoration to Chandraprabha.{{sfn|Agnihotri|2010|p=34}} Chandraprabha is mentioned in the [[Buddhist scripture]]s.{{sfn|Sangave|2006|p=21}}<br />
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=== Iconography ===<br />
Chandraprabha is usually depicted in a lotus or kayotsarga posture, with a crescent moon symbol beneath him;{{sfn|Shah|1987|p=142}} each ''tīrthankara'' has a distinct emblem, which allows worshippers to distinguish similar idols.{{sfn|Zimmer|1953|p=225}} Like all ''tirthankaras'', he is depicted with a ''[[Shrivatsa]]''{{refn|group=note|A special symbol that marks the chest of a ''Tirthankara''. The yoga pose is very common in Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. Each tradition has had a distinctive auspicious chest mark that allows devotees to identify a meditating statue to symbolic icon for their theology. There are several ''srivasta'' found in ancient and medieval Jain art works, and these are not found on Buddhist or Hindu art works.{{sfn|von Glasenapp|1925|pp=426–428}}<ref>[http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/j/jainism-jinas-and-other-deities/ Jainism: Jinas and Other Deities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526074318/http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/j/jainism-jinas-and-other-deities/ |date=26 May 2017 }}, Victoria and Albert Museum, London</ref>}} and downcast eyes.{{sfn|Melton|Baumann|2010|p=1553}}<br />
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The earliest known sculpture of Chandraprabha was installed by [[Maharajadhiraja]] [[Ramagupta]] of [[Gupta dynasty]] in 4th century CE. Chandraprabha has been popular amongst Jain everywhere in India. The iconography of Chandraprabha is particularly popular in Eastern India in Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. Sculptures of Chandraprabha were also popular in [[Jain temples, Deogarh]], [[Khajuraho Jain temples]] and [[Sonagiri]].{{sfn|Shah|1987|pp=142–145}}<br />
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<gallery><br />
File:Bhagwan Chandraprabha 20250701 172853551.NIGHT~3.jpg|Bhagwan Chandraprabha at [[Mandaragiri]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
File:Door jamb and lintel decoration, and Tirthankara image in the sanctum at the Jain temple at Lakkundi.jpg|Idol at [[Jain temple, Lakkundi]]<br />
File:Mahavir-Jain-Fame-1000-Pillar-Temple- Moodbidri.JPG|Idol at [[Saavira Kambada Basadi]]<br />
File:Tijara Jain temple - Main Idol (3) (cropped).jpg|The famous idol of Chandraprabhu at [[Tijara Jain temple|Tijara]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==== Colossal statue ====<br />
Guru mandir in [[Mandaragiri]] houses a {{convert|21|ft}} monolithic statue of Chandraprabha.{{sfn|Krishnaraja|2021}}{{sfn|Binayak|2020}}<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Lord Chandranatha Thirthankara statue.jpg|{{convert|21|ft}} statue at [[Mandaragiri Hill]], [[Tumkur]], [[Karnataka]]<br />
File:Chandaragiri Vatika.jpg|{{convert|15.25|ft}} statue at Chandragiri Vatika, [[Tijara]]<br />
File:Chandraprabh.jpg|{{convert|15|ft}} statue at [[Sonagiri]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
=== Main temples ===<br />
[[File:1000-Pillar-Temple-Moodbidri-Left-Side-View.JPG|[[Saavira Kambada Basadi]] also known as "The 1000 Pillars Temple"|thumb]]<br />
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Various Jain temple complexes across India feature him, and these are important pilgrimage sites in Jainism. [[Sonagiri]], also known as Laghu Sammed Shikhar is a ''[[Tirtha (Jainism)|Siddha-Kṣetra]]'',{{sfn|Detige|2017|p=38}}{{sfn|Shukla|Kulshreshtha|2019|p=103}} is considered one of the most important [[Tirtha (Jainism)|Jain Tirtha]] (pilgrimage site).{{sfn|Burgess|Cousens|1903|p=21}} The mulnayak is a {{convert|3|m|ft}} rock cut image of Chandraprabhu dating back to the 5th to 6th century.{{Sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=128}} There are a total of 103 temples with 77 on hill and 26 in village.{{Sfn|Mitra|2009|p=75}}{{sfn|Mitra|2012|p=52}} <br />
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[[Saavira Kambada Basadi]] (Thousand Pillared Temple ) in [[Moodabidri]] (Jain Kashi{{Sfn|Titze|Bruhn|1998|p=47}}), built in 1430 CE, is considered an architectural wonder and is one of the most important Jain centers in Karnataka.{{sfn|Paul|2019|p=18}}{{sfn|Butalia|Small|2004|p=367}}{{sfn|Panikar|2010|p=408}} [[Vijayamangalam Jain temple]] was built in {{circa|678 C.E.}} by King Konguvelir of [[Velir dynasty]].{{sfn|Home Ministry|2011|p=110}}{{sfn|Krishnamachari|2017}}<br />
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Important Chandraprabha temple complexes include: [[Tijara Jain temple]], [[Jainimedu Jain temple]], [[Chandravati]], [[Kumbakonam Jain Temple]], [[Mandaragiri]], [[Veraval]], [[Atishaya Kshetra Lunwa Jain Temple|Lunwa Jain temple]], [[Dharmasthala Temple|Chandranatha basadi Dharmasthala]], and [[Chandraprabha temple, Pavagadh]]<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Jain temple, Mettupudur 2.jpg|[[Vijayamangalam Jain temple]] built in 678 C.E.<br />
File:N-RJ-87 Fort including Ancient Temples Jaisalmer SolReyes20100917 332.JPG|[[Chandraprabhu temple, Jaisalmer Fort]]<br />
File:Sonagiri.jpg|[[Sonagiri Jain Tirth]]<br />
File:Tijara Jain Temple - Main(3).jpg|[[Tijara Jain temple]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [[Arihant (Jainism)]]<br />
* [[God in Jainism]]<br />
* [[Jainism and non-creationism]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{Reflist|group=note}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
=== Citation ===<br />
{{reflist|23em}}<br />
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=== Sources ===<br />
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{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==== Web ====<br />
{{refbegin|30em}}<br />
* {{cite journal | last=Detige | first=Tillo | title=Manuscript Collections of the Western and Central Indian Bhaṭṭārakas<br />
| journal=[[SOAS University of London]] | issue=12 | year=2017 | pages=36–39 | url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8514337/file/8514342 | access-date=21 September 2022 }}<br />
* {{cite news |last=Krishnamachari |first=Suganthy |title=On how Kongu Nadu was a Jain bastion |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-influence-of-jainism-in-kongu-nadu/article19845654.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=12 October 2017 | access-date=25 January 2021 | issn=0971-751X }}<br />
* {{cite news |last=Krishnaraja |first=Renuka |title=The serene hills of Mandaragiri |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-statescan/the-serene-hills-of-mandaragiri-967537.html |access-date=10 December 2022 | newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |date=31 March 2021}}<br />
* {{cite web | author=Home Ministry | author-link=Ministry of Home Affairs (India) | title=District census handbook Erode | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/33/3309_PART_A_DCHB_ERODE.pdf | year=2011 | series=Census | access-date=7 April 2022 }}<br />
* {{cite web |last=Binayak |first=Pooja | date=19 August 2020 |title=India's Jain Temples Are Incredible Architectural Marvels |url=https://www.fodors.com/world/asia/india/experiences/news/indias-jain-temples-are-incredible-architectural-marvels |website=[[Fodor's]] |access-date=10 December 2022}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/ Harvard Pluralism Project: Jainism]<br />
{{Jain Gods}}<br />
{{Jainism topics}}<br />
{{Authority control}}<br />
[[Category:Chandraprabha| ]]<br />
[[Category:Tirthankaras]]<br />
[[Category:Solar dynasty]]</div>Sylvin Thomas