>Explicit at 00:22, 31 December 2021

2021-12-31T00:22:06Z

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{{for|the Brazilian canoeist|Charles Corrêa}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox architect
|name= Charles Correa
|image = Charles Correa.jpg
|caption = Correa in 2011
|nationality = Indian
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1930|9|1}}
|birth_place = [[Secunderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2015|6|16|1930|9|1|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Mumbai]], India
|alma_mater = [[University of Mumbai]] [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] [[University of Michigan]]
|significant_buildings =[[Jawahar Kala Kendra]], [[National Crafts Museum]], [[Bharat Bhavan]]
| occupation = Architect Urban planner
}}

'''Charles Mark Correa''' (1 September 1930 – 16 June 2015) was an Indian architect and [[urban planner]]. Credited with the creation of modern architecture in post-Independent [[India]], he was celebrated for his sensitivity to the needs of the urban poor and for his use of traditional methods and materials.<ref>[http://www.upenn.edu/ARG/archive/architecture/architecture.html An Architecture of Independence: The Making of Modern South Asia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603215030/http://www.upenn.edu/ARG/archive/architecture/architecture.html |date=3 June 2009 }} [[University of Pennsylvania]].</ref>
==Biography==
===Early Life===
Charles Correa, a [[Goan Catholics|Roman Catholic of Goan]] descent, was born on 1 September 1930 in [[Secunderabad]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Correa|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/138593/Charles-Correa|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=5 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=An Architecture of Independence: The Making of Modern South Asia |author= Kazi Khaleed Ashraf, James Belluardo|year=1998|publisher=Architectural League of New York|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jwxQAAAAMAAJ&q=charles+correa+biography|isbn=09663-8560-8|page=33}}</ref> He began his higher studies at [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]]. He went on to study at the [[University of Michigan]] (1949–53) where [[Buckminster Fuller]] was a teacher, and the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (1953–55) where he obtained his master's degree.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Correa|title=Charles Correa | Indian architect|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jun/19/charles-correa|title=Charles Correa obituary|first=Joseph|last=Rykwert|date=19 June 2015|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref>
===Career===
In 1958, Charles Correa established his own professional practice in Mumbai. His first significant project was the Mahatma Gandhi Sangrahalaya ([[Mahatma Gandhi]] Memorial) at [[Sabarmati Ashram]] in Ahmedabad (1958–1963), followed by the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in Bhopal (1967). In 1961-1966, he designed his first high-rise building, the Sonmarg apartments in Mumbai. On the [[National Crafts Museum]] in New Delhi (1975–1990), he introduced "the rooms open to the sky", his systematic use of courtyards. In the [[Jawahar Kala Kendra]] (Jawahar Arts Centre) in Jaipur (1986–1992), he makes a structural hommage to [[Jai Singh II]]. Later, he invited the British artist [[Howard Hodgkin]] for the outside design of the [[British Council, India|British Council]] in Delhi (1987–1992).<ref name="auto"/>

From 1970–75, Charles Correa was Chief Architect for [[New Bombay]] ([[Navi Mumbai]]), where he was strongly involved in extensive urban planning of the new city.<ref name="mirror13"/><ref name="auto"/> In 1984, Charles Correa founded the [[Urban Design Research Institute]] in Bombay,<ref name="auto"/> dedicated to the protection of the built environment and improvement of urban communities. During the final four decades of his life, Correa has done pioneering work in urban issues and low-cost shelter in the [[Third World]]. In 1985, Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] appointed him Chairman of the National Commission on Urbanization.

From 2005 until his 2008 resignation Correa was the Chairman of the Delhi Urban Arts Commission.

Later, Charles Correa designed the new [[Ismaili Centre, Toronto|Ismaili Centre]] in Toronto, Canada,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://the.ismaili/toronto/about-toronto|title=About the Ismaili Centre, Toronto|date=6 September 2014|website=the.Ismaili}}</ref> which shared the site with the [[Aga Khan Museum]] designed by [[Fumihiko Maki]],<ref name="ArchRecord">{{cite news|url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/081006AghaKhan.asp|title=Correa, Maki Tapped to Design Aga Khan Center|date=6 October 2008|publisher=Architectural Record, The McGraw-Hill Companies|access-date=9 October 2008}}</ref> and the Champalimaud Foundation Centre in Lisbon, inaugurated by the Portuguese President [[Aníbal Cavaco Silva]] on 5 October 2010.<ref>David MacManus, [https://www.e-architect.co.uk/portugal/champalimaud-foundation The Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon], ''E-architect.co.uk'' 5 October 2010</ref>
===Final Years===
He died on 16 June 2015 in Mumbai following a brief illness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Architect-Charles-Correa-dies-at-84/articleshow/47697831.cms|title=Architect Charles Correa dies at 84 | India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Work==
===Style===
Charles Correa designed almost 100 buildings in India, from low-income housing to luxury condos. He rejected the glass-and-steel approach of some [[Postmodern architecture|post-modernist]] buildings, and focused on designs deeply rooted in local cultures, all the while providing modern structural solutions under his creative designs. His style was also focused on reintroducing outdoor spaces and terraces.<ref name="theculturetrip greatest">Charlotte Luxford, [https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/indias-greatest-architect-charles-correa/ 'India’s Greatest Architect' Charles Correa], ''Theculturetrip.com'', 17 August 2018</ref><ref name=bbc>{{cite news |title=Charles Correa – India's greatest architect? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22463774 |date=14 May 2013 |work=BBC News |access-date=2 July 2013 |archive-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621005155/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22463774 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{quote|His work is the physical manifestation of the idea of Indian nationhood, modernity and progress. His vision sits at the nexus defining the contemporary Indian sensibility and it articulates a new Indian identity with a language that has a global resonance. He is someone who has that rare capacity to give physical form to something as intangible as ‘culture’ or ‘society’ – and his work is therefore critical: aesthetically; sociologically; and culturally.|British architect [[David Adjaye]] in 2013.<ref name="theculturetrip greatest"/>}}

In 2013, the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]] held a retrospective exhibition, "Charles Correa – India's Greatest Architect", about the influences of his work on modern urban Indian architecture.<ref name="mirror13">{{Cite web|title=Master class with Charles Correa|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/others/sunday-read/Master-class-with-Charles-Correa/articleshow/20499060.cms|publisher=Mumbai Mirror|date=9 June 2013|access-date=2 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="architecture.com">{{Cite web|title=Charles Correa & Out of India Season|url=http://www.architecture.com/WhatsOn/RIBATrustProgramme/CharlesCorreaOutofIndiaSeason.aspx#.UdJMejs3CgQ|publisher=RIBA|year=2013|access-date=2 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609084316/http://www.architecture.com/WhatsOn/RIBATrustProgramme/CharlesCorreaOutofIndiaSeason.aspx/#.UdJMejs3CgQ|archive-date=9 June 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Projects===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Photo !! Date !! Name !! Location !! Notes
|-
| [[File:Gandhi Ashram 1227.JPG|125px]] || 1958–1963 || Mahatma Gandhi Sangrahalaya [[Mahatma Gandhi]] Memorial || [[Sabarmati Ashram]], Ahmedabad ||
|-
| || 1961-1962 || Tube House || Ahmedabad || demolished<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| || 1961-1966 || Sonmarg apartments || Mumbai ||
|-
| [[File:Madhyapradesh_Legislative_Assembly.jpg|125px]] || 1967 || [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] || Bhopal ||
|-
| [[File:A view of Kala Academy, Goa, the main venue for the inaugural ceremony of the 35th International Film Festival of India-2004, (to be held from 29th November to 9th December, 2004).jpg|125px]] || 1970 || [[Kala Academy]] || [[Panaji]]|| <ref>Eric Baldwin, [https://www.archdaily.com/922525/new-petition-aims-to-save-charles-correas-kala-academy-from-demolition New Petition Aims to Save Charles Correa's Kala Academy from Demolition], ''Archdaily.com'', 7 August 2019</ref>
|-
| [[File:शिल्प संग्रहालय का प्रवॅश द्वार.jpg|125px]] || 1975–1990 || [[National Crafts Museum]] || New Delhi ||
|-
| || || R&D facility of Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd || Mahindra Research Valley, Chennai ||
|-
| || 1980-1997 || Vidhan Bhavan || ||
|-
| [[File:Bharat Bhavan Bhopal inside-1.JPG|125px]] || 1982 || [[Bharat Bhavan]] || Bhopal ||
|-
| [[File:Jawahar Kala Kendra, Jaipur, Rajasthan.jpg|125px]] || 1986–1992 || [[Jawahar Kala Kendra]] Jawahar Arts Centre || Jaipur ||
|-
| [[File:The Jeevan Bharati building at Connaught Place, New Delhi.jpg|125px]] || 1986 || Jeevan Bharati Life Insurance Corporation of India || || On the 2018 [[World Monuments Watch]] list of "50 Cultural Sites at Risk from Human and Natural Threats"<ref>Patrick Lynch, [https://www.archdaily.com/882188/2018-world-monuments-watch-lists-50-cultural-sites-at-risk-from-human-and-natural-threats 2018 World Monuments Watch Lists 50 Cultural Sites at Risk from Human and Natural Threats], ''Archdaily.com'', 23 October 2017</ref>
|-
| [[File:British Council Delhi Headquarters, launch of Mix The City, 6 April 2017.jpg|125px]] || 1987–1992 || [[British Council, India|British Council]] || Delhi ||
|-
| [[File:Buckyball, JNCASR, Bangalore, India.JPG|125px]] || 1989 || [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]] || Bangalore||
|-
| [[File:Parumala Church.jpg|125px]] || 2000 || [[St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala]] || [[Parumala]], [[Thiruvalla]]||
|-

| [[File:McGovern Institute for Brain Research 2018.jpg|125px]] || 2000–2005 || [[McGovern Institute for Brain Research]] || [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], Boston, US ||
|-
| || 2004 || City centre || [[Salt Lake City (Bidhan Nagar), Kolkata|Salt Lake City, Kolkata]] ||
|-
| [[File:Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown (6).jpg|125px]] || 2007–2010 || [[Champalimaud Foundation|Champalimaud Centre for The Unknown]] || [[Lisbon, Portugal]] ||
|-
| [[File:Ismaili Centre, Toronto - Prayer hall.jpg|125px]] || || [[Ismaili Centre, Toronto|Ismaili Centre]] || Toronto, Canada ||
|-
| || || Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Banking and Finance ||Hyderabad||
|}

==Awards==
*1972: [[Padma Shri]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2009) |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510095705/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/LST-PDAWD.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref>
*1984: [[Royal Gold Medal]] for architecture by the [[Royal Institute of British Architects]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of medal winners 1848–2008 (PDF)|url=http://www.architecture.com/Files/RIBATrust/Awards/RoyalGoldMedal/Royal%20Gold%20Medallists%201848%20-%202008.pdf|publisher=RIBA|access-date=30 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202101307/http://www.architecture.com/Files/RIBATrust/Awards/RoyalGoldMedal/Royal%20Gold%20Medallists%201848%20-%202008.pdf|archive-date=2 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*1994: [[Praemium Imperiale]]
*1998: 7th [[Aga Khan Award for Architecture]] for [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]<ref name=agha>{{Cite web|url=http://archnet.org/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208103213/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=1759|url-status=dead|title=Archnet|archive-date=8 February 2006|website=Archnet}}</ref>
*2005: [[Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf|title=Reply to a parliamentary question|language=de|page=1714|access-date=1 March 2013}}</ref>
*2006: [[Padma Vibhushan]] given by [[Government of India]]<ref name="TimesofIndia">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-19/goa/30533988_1_charles-correa-goa-chief-minister-digambar-kamat|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701155312/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-19/goa/30533988_1_charles-correa-goa-chief-minister-digambar-kamat|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 July 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=CharlesCorrea, Gomant Vibhushan|date=19 December 2011}}</ref>
*2011: [[Gomant Vibhushan]] conferred by [[Government of Goa]]<ref name="TimesofIndia" />

==Publications==
*Charles Correa, ''The New Landscape'', RIBA Enterprises, December 1985, ({{ISBN|978-0947877217}})<ref name="theculturetrip greatest"/>

==Personal life==
Charles Correa married Monika (née Sequeira), an artist, in 1961. Together they lived in one of the flats of the Sonmarg apartments in Mumbai. They had two children.<ref name="auto"/>

==See also==
* [[Geoffrey Bawa]]
* [[Muzharul Islam]]
* [[B.V. Doshi]]
* [[Raj Rewal]]
* [[Bashirul Haq]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090201042935/http://boloji.com/architecture/00050a.htm Post Colonial India and its Architecture – I: Charles Correa – The Traditional in the Modern]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Charles Correa}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/speechanddrama/charlescorrea_gallery.shtml?select=01#imagelink Charles Correa – Photo Gallery] at [[BBC Radio 3]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629172857/http://archnet.org/library/parties/one-party.jsp?party_id=11 Charles Mark Correa Biography]
* [http://www.charlescorrea.net/ Charles Correa Associates]
* [https://charlescorreafoundation.org/ Charles Correa Foundation]

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Correa, Charles}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian people of Goan descent]]
[[Category:St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning alumni]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Postmodern architecture in India]]
[[Category:Urban designers]]
[[Category:Indian urban planners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:People from Secunderabad]]
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]
[[Category:Activists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian architects]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educational theorists]]

Charles Correa - Revision history

>Explicit at 00:22, 31 December 2021