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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Chatra, Jharkhand}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2008}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chatra district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Jharkhand|District]] of [[Jharkhand]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Chatra in Jharkhand (India).svg
| map_caption = Location of Chatra district in Jharkhand
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Chatra, Jharkhand
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Chotanagpur division]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 29-05-1991
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Chatra, Jharkhand]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 3706
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1,042,886
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 05.31
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 65.4%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 951
| leader_title = District Commissioner
| leader_name = Jitendra Kumar Singh, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra]] (shared with Palamu and Latehar districts)
| leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| leader_name2 = [[Sunil Kumar Singh (politician)|Sunil Kumar Singh]] ([[BJP]])
| leader_title3 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = 2
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = JH 13
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 22 (India)|NH22]], [[National Highway 522 (India)|NH522]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = http://chatra.nic.in/
| postal_code = 825401
| official_name =
| image_skyline =
}}

'''Chatra district''' is one of the twenty-four districts of [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], India. The district was formed after separation from [[Hazaribagh district]] in 1991. [[Chatra, Jharkhand|Chatra]] is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district covers an area of 3706 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chatra district info|url=https://chatra.nic.in/about-district/}}</ref>

==History==

===Ancient period===
In ancient period, the area covered by the present district and adjoining areas were ruled by a number of states, which were collectively known as the ''Atavika'' (forest) states. These states accepted the suzerainty of the [[Maurya empire]] during [[Ashoka]]'s reign ({{Circa|232}} BCE). [[Samudragupta]], while marching through the present-day Chotanagpur region, directed the first attack against the kingdom of Dakshina Kosala in the Mahanadi valley.<ref name=cdh>{{cite web|url=http://chatra.nic.in/history.htm|title=History|publisher=Chatra district website|access-date=2009-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510122303/http://chatra.nic.in/history.htm|archive-date=2010-05-10|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Medieval period===
During [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]]'s reign, the territory which comprises the present district came in contact with the [[Delhi sultanate]]. Later, it became a part of the Bihar Subah of the [[Mughal empire]]. Daud Khan, the Mughal [[Subahdar]] of Bihar, during the reign of Aurangzeb occupied Kothi near Pokhri Fort on 5 May 1660, without much opposition, and then he moved towards the fort of Kunda which had a very strong fortification as it was situated on a hilltop. This fort was finally occupied by him and was completely destroyed on the 2 June 1660. Later, Kunda Fort was under the possession of the Raja of Ramgarh. In 1734, Aliwardi Khan advanced towards Kunda after defeating the rebel Zamindars of Tikari (Gaya). He mounted an attack on Chatra Fort and demolished it.<ref name=cdh/>

===British rule===
The British East India Company came in contact with this region for the first time in 1769. [[Ram Mohan Roy|Raja Rammohan Roy]], worked as a ''serestadar'' at Chatra from 1805–06 and stayed both at Chatra and Ramgarh while in office.<ref name=cdh/>

The most important battle fought between the insurgents and the British in Chotanagpur during the rebellion of 1857 was the "Battle of Chatra". This decisive battle was fought on 2 October 1857, near ''Phansi Talab''. It lasted for an hour in which the mutineers were completely defeated. 56 European soldiers and officers were killed whereas 150 revolutionaries were killed and 77 were buried in a pit. Subedar [[Mangal Pandey]] and [[Nadir Ali Khan]] were sentenced and hanged to death on the 4 October 1857 on this very spot. The European and Sikh soldiers were buried in a well along with their arms and ammunitions. An inscriptive plaque which is still extant states:
<blockquote>"56 men of Her Majesty's 53rd Regiment of foot and a party of Sikhs were killed at Chatra on October 2nd 1857 in action against mutineers of the Ramgarh Battalion. Lieutenant J. C. C. Daunt of the 70th Bengal Native Infantry and sergeant D. Dynon of the 53rd regiment were awarded [[Victoria Cross]] for conspicuous gallantry in the battle, in which the mutineers were completely defeated and lost all their four guns and ammunitions.</blockquote> At the same time, another inscription on the bank of the Phansi Talab immortalises the two revolutionary subedars,<ref name=cdh/> namely, Mangal Pandey and Nadir Ali Khan.

====Independence movement====
The independence movement in this district gathered momentum in 1921. One of the most significant events of the [[Quit India Movement]] in 1942, was the escape of [[Jayaprakash Narayan|Jai Prakash Narayan]] along with six other from The Hazaribagh Central Jail on 9 November 1942 (the night of festival of [[Diwali]]). Jai Prakash Narayan came to Tatra (a village in this district )where he was at the home of panchkodi dubey, and then proceeded towards [[Sherghati]] en route to [[Varanasi]]. The notable participants in the independence movement from this district include Chotanagpur Kesri, [[Babu Ram Narayan Singh]], and Babu Shaligram Singh.<ref name=cdh/>

===Post-independence===

The district is currently a part of the [[Red Corridor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date= 2009-12-11 |access-date=2011-09-17}}</ref>

== Administration ==
The territory covered by the present district was earlier known as Chatra sub-division of [[Hazaribagh district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chatra.nic.in/profile.htm|title=Profile|publisher=Chatra district website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215072758/http://chatra.nic.in/profile.htm|archive-date=2012-02-15}}</ref>

=== Blocks/Mandals ===

Chatra district consists of 12 Blocks. The following are the list of the Blocks in Chatra district:
{| class="wikitable"
!Subdivisions
!Blocks
|-
|Chatra
|
* [[Chatra (community development block)|Chatra]]
* [[Shaligram Ramnarayanpur (community development block)|Hunterganj]]
* [[Itkhori block|Itkhori]]
* [[Kanhachatti]]
* [[Kunda block|Kunda]]
* [[Mayurhand block|Mayurhand]]
* [[Pratappur, Jharkhand|Pratappur]]
|-
|Simaria
|
* [[Simaria block|Simaria]]
* [[Gidhour block|Gidhour]]
* [[Lawalong]]
* [[Pathalgada block|Pathalgada]]
* [[Tandwa block|Tandwa]]
|}

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,44,844|13=1911|14=1,58,450|15=1921|16=1,57,016|17=1931|18=1,86,577|19=1941|20=2,15,348|21=1951|22=2,38,203|23=1961|24=2,93,395|25=1971|26=3,71,268|27=1981|28=4,72,049|29=1991|30=6,23,979|31=2001|32=8,08,135|33=2011|34=10,42,886|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Chatra district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,042,886,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Cyprus 1,120,489 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Rhode Island 1,052,567
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 434rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert| 275 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.98%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Chatra has a [[sex ratio]] of 951 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 60.18%. Scheduled Castes (SC) constitutes 32.7% while Schedule Tribes (ST) were 4.4% of total population.<ref name=districtcensus/>
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Palamu<ref name=districtcensus/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|86.6}}
{{Bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|11.19}}
{{Bar percent|[[Sarna sthal|Sarna]]|maroon|1.24}}
{{Bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.63}}
{{Bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.34}}
}}
Hindus make up 86.6% of the population while Muslims make up 11.19%. Christianity makes up 0.63%, while other religions make up 1.58% of the population.
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Chatra district
|label1 = [[Khortha language|Khortha]] |value1 = 39.71 |color1 = red
|label2 = [[Hindi]] |value2 = 39.21 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Magahi language|Magahi]] |value3 = 12.47 |color3 = coral
|label4 = [[Urdu]] |value4 = 5.47 |color4 = green
|label5 = [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |value5 = 1.72 |color5 = orchid
|label6 = Others |value6 = 1.42 |color6 = grey
}}
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 39.71% of the population in the district spoke [[Khortha language|Khortha]], 39.21% [[Hindi]], 12.47% [[Magahi language|Magahi]], 5.47% [[Urdu]], 1.72% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]].<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

==Economy==
In 2006, the Indian government named Chatra one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=September 8, 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=September 27, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref>

== Politics ==
Chatra has two assembly constituencies: [[Chatra (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chatra]] and [[Simaria (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Simaria]]. Both are part of [[Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chatra Lok Sabha Constituency]]

The MP from Chatra is [[Sunil Kumar Singh (politician)|Sunil Kumar Singh]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

The MLA for Chatra is [[Jay Prakash Singh Bhogta]] (BJP), while the MLA of Simaria is [[Ganesh Ganjhu]] (BJP).

==Tourism==
[[Image:Bhadrakali Itkhori.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Mother Bhadrakali in a Temple in Chatra district]]
The district of Chatra, gateway of [[Jharkhand]] has a number of picnic spots and fountains, waterfalls and flora and fauna.
Some of the tourist spots of Chatra include:
* Bhadrakali temple:- It is at [[Itkhori]], 35 km on the East of Chatra and 16 km west of [[Chauparan]] connected with [[Grand Trunk Road]]. Along with the temple situated on the bank of river Mahanad (Mahane) surrounded by hill and forest, there is a water reservoir.
* Kunda Cave:- The ruins of old Kunda palace are still found at a distance of about three-four miles from the present [[Kunda, Chatra|Kunda]] Village. The place might have been created either towards the end of 17th or beginning of the 18th century AD.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
* Tamasin:- Word tamasin is a [[sandhi]] of 'tam+asin' which means 'darkness prevails '. This area has mixed forest having high trees making the area dark even in the daylight. Tamasin has a waterfall.
Besides these there are a number of waterfalls in Chatra.<ref name=trm>{{cite web |url= http://chatra.nic.in/tourism.htm |title= Tourist attractions in Chatra District - Jharkhand |publisher= Chatra district website |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091007080116/http://chatra.nic.in/tourism.htm |archive-date= 2009-10-07 }}</ref>

[[Kauleshwari Temple|Maa Kauleswary Temple]]: - Maa Kauleswary Mandir is situated near Hunterganj block in Kedli kalan village. It is approx 10 km from Hunterganj and the temple is situated on the hill which has 650 feet height. A Budha temple is also situated on Kuleswary hill and every year thousands of visitor are coming to visit the temples and natural environment of this area also.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://chatra.nic.in/ Official district website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Chatra district
|North = [[Gaya district]], [[Bihar]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Hazaribagh district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Ranchi district]]
|Southwest = [[Latehar district]]
|West = [[Palamu district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Jharkhand}}
{{North Chotanagpur Division}}
{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

{{Hindu temples in Jharkhand}}

{{coord|24|12|00|N|84|52|12|E|region:IN-JH_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-nowiki|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatra District}}
[[Category:Chatra district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Bihar]]

Chatra district - Revision history

imported>Vatsmaxed at 16:58, 9 August 2021