>Monkbot at 10:48, 8 January 2021

2021-01-08T10:48:01Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chaul
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname = Shivsena Nagari
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline = Unknown Angre Samadhi.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The samadhi (mausoleum) of [[Maratha]] [[Koli People|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/as-nda-cadet-i-was-witness-to-vice-admiral-awatis-kindness/145378/|title=As NDA cadet, I was witness to Vice Admiral Awati’s kindness|last=LT GEN K. J.|first=SINGH|website=ThePrint.In|access-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> [[Admiral]] [[Kanhoji Angre]] at Alibag
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18.5461|N|72.9272|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| In Sport = kalpesh misal National lavel Cyclist
| government_type = Grampanchayat
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Chaul''' is a former city of [[Portuguese India]], now in ruins. It is located 60 km south of Mumbai, in [[Raigad District]] of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].

==History==
===Portuguese colonization===
[[File:Diogo_Lopes_de_Sequeira.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Diogo Lopes de Sequeira]], Viceroy of [[Portuguese India]], established rule of the [[Portuguese Empire]] in Chaul in 1521, lasting until 1740.]]
In 1508, the Egyptian [[Mamluks]], allied with the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] vanquished the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] in the [[Battle of Chaul]]. The first Portuguese settlement at Chaul took place in 1521 with the construction of the first fort on the south bank of the [[Kundalika River]]. In October 1531, the Portuguese erected a new square stone fortress, named ''Santa Maria do Castello'', which contained a church and dwellings for 120 men. A town developed around the fortress, but a 1558 treaty precluded fortifying the town. The town was destroyed in a 1570-71 siege by the [[Nizam Shahi]] Sultan of [[Ahmadnagar]], but a treaty was concluded which lifted the siege, and the town was rebuilt and surrounded by walls and bastions. A fort ([[Korlai fort]]) was built on the '''Morro de Chaul''', a rocky promontory on the north side of the river opposite the town. The town withstood several further attacks, and its defence works were expanded in 1613.

Chaul was part of Portuguese India's Northern Province, which by the mid 17th century extended for 100 km along the coast of present-day [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]], from Chaul in the south to [[Daman and Diu|Daman]] in the north. The headquarters of the northern province was at [[Vasai-Virar|Baçaim]] (modern Vasai) north of [[Bombay]].

During the later 17th and early 18th centuries Portuguese India declined economically and politically, and Chaul lost its former importance. As the power of the [[Mughal Empire]] declined in the early 18th century, the [[Maratha]]s expanded their control of central and western India. The Portuguese colony of [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]] was captured by the Marathas in 1720, and in 1737 the Maratha general Angria began a concerted campaign to capture the remaining Portuguese territories. Chaul and the Morro de Chaul came under siege in March 1739, but the siege was raised in October. After the capture of Baçaim in 1740, a peace treaty was concluded, and on 18 September 1740, Chaul was ceded by treaty to the Marathas. The city was subsequently abandoned and left in ruins.

The village of [[Korlai]], near the ruins of Chaul, is still home to speakers of [[Portuguese Creole]].

==See also==
* [[Battle of Diu (1509)|Battle of Diu]] - Chaul had a very important role to play in the setup to this critical battle in 1509
* [[Revdanda]]
* [[Korlai fort]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100630220848/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/google_earth/india/chaul.html The Portuguese Fort of Chaul, India]

{{Raigad district}}
{{Portuguese overseas empire}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1521]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Raigad district]]
[[Category:1521 establishments in the Portuguese Empire]]

Chaul - Revision history

>Monkbot at 10:48, 8 January 2021