Ajay Kumar at 20:19, 23 July 2023

2023-07-23T20:19:57Z

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{{Distinguish|Pushkar Shah}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pushkar Shah
| image =Puskar Shah.jpg
|imagesize =200
| caption = General Sri Sri Sri Chautariya Pushkar Shah
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1784|8|16}}
| death_date = 1841
| birth_place = [[Kathmandu]], Nepal
| birth_name = Pushkar Shah
| office = [[List of Prime Ministers of Nepal|Fifth Prime Minister of Nepal]]
| term_start = 1838
| term_end = 1839
|predecessor = [[Ranganath Paudel]]
|successor = [[Rana Jang Pandey]]
}}

'''Mukthiyar General Sri Sri Sri Chautariya Pushkar Shah''' (August 16, 1784 – 1841) was the prime minister (Mukhtiyar) of [[Nepal]] from August 1838 to early 1839. He previously served as the Governor of [[Doti]] from 1831 to 1837, and as Special Ambassador to [[China]] from 1837 to 1838. He was the counselor of state from 1840 to 1841. Pushkar Shah had four sons: Sri Chautaria Bhim Bikram Shah, Rana Bikram Shah, Colonel Sri Chautaria Bir Bikram Shah, and Colonel Ambar Bikram Shah.

== Governor of Doti and a Secret Strategic Alliance with Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] of Punjab ==
Chautariya Pushkar Shah was the Governor of [[Doti]] from 1831 to 1837. He was sent there by King Rajendra Bikram Shah to secretly forge an alliance between Nepal and Punjab against the British. Following Punjab's annexation, the British imprisoned the Rani Jind Kaur in Chunar fort near Varanasi. However, two years later in 1849, she managed to escape from the fort disguised as a maid and traveled 800 km north to reach Kathmandu. Initially, she stayed at the residence of Chatariya's son Amar Bikram Shah in the Narayanhiti area.[https://www.indembkathmandu.gov.in/docs/Sikh%20Heritage%20of%20Nepal.pdf]

== Secret Strategic Alliance with the Emperor Daoguang (Qing Dynasty) of China. ==

===Diplomatic Team===
[[Nepal]] sent its tenth [[quinquennial]] mission to [[China]] in 1837, under the leadership of Chautariya Pushkar Shah. He was an important member of a collateral branch of the royal family. Chautariya was accompanied by a [[retinue]] consisting of [[Sardar]] Captain Kirti Dhoj Pande (deputy leader of the mission), Rana Bikram Shah, Khardar Purna Nanda, Vansaraj Thapa (interpreter), Mahiman Karki, Amrit Mahat, Dal Bir Khatri, Gajadhar Padhya, Bhau Singh, Yaktabar (Shaktabar) Jaisi, Mammu Miya, Bhariya Nayak Padma Narayan, Gotha Rana and Dambar Thapa.<ref>Royal Nepal Army Headquarters, Part 3, Serial No. 63 (53)</ref> The total cost of the mission was [[Rs.]] 34,663 and the presents to the [[Ching Empire|Ching Emperor]] [[Daoguang Emperor|Tao-kuang]] were estimated to be valued at Rs. 7,133. The mission had carried presents to Dhewas of [[Nyalam Town|Kuti]], Chuii of Tingri, Talloye of Digarcha, Lama of Digarcha, the four Kajis of [[Lhasa]], Raja Lama of Takayali, the Potala Lama, the [[Chinese Ambans]], the Chundu of Chindafu, the Chundu of Sindafu and Tu Thwang.

==Preparation for the Second Anglo-Gorkha War==
===Departure to Peking===
Chautariya Pushkar Shah's mission left [[Kathmandu]] on 14 July 1837.<ref>Leo E. Rose: Strategy for Survival, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, p. 98</ref> As a strict follower of [[Hinduism|Hindu Religion]], Chautariya Pushkar Shah observed its rules and regulations strictly throughout his journey. For example, he did not accept tea offered by others during the journey and he only ate food cooked by his own personal cook.<ref>Jnanmani Nepal, Nepal-Bhot Chin Sambandha Ka Kehi Sanskritki Paksha, kathmandu:Royal Nepal Academy, 2045 B.S., pp 111-112</ref> Upon arrival, Chautariya was given a warm welcome in China by the [[Daoguang Emperor|Chinese Emperor]].

In December 1835, the political rival of Prime Minister [[Bhimsen Thapa]] had requested Chinese Amban's in [[Lhasa]] to request King [[Rajendra Bikram Shah]] to send Ranajung Pande as the leader of the 10th quinquennial mission to China.<ref>Chitta Ranjan Nepali, General Bhimsen Thapa Ra Tatkalin Nepal, Kathmandu: [[Ratna Pustak Bhandar]], Third Edition, 2035 B.S., pp 206-207</ref> As a result, the Chinese Amban wrote to the Nepalese King to personally nominate the leader of the next five-year mission to [[Peking]]. The Chinese Amban strongly suggested that [[Rana Jang Pande]] be appointed leader of the mission.

===King's Trusted Men===
King [[Rajendra Bikram Shah]] nominated his most trusted courtier Chautariya Pushkar Shah instead of [[Rana Jang Pande]].<ref>Ludwig F. Stiller, The Silent Cry, Kathmandu: Sahayogi Prakashan, 1976, p 23</ref> One source however states that the Chinese Amban had also suggested King Rajendra not to send wicked [[Rana Jang Pande]], but to nominate another good, virtuous person to lead the quinquennial mission to the Ching Emperor's Court.<ref>Chinese Amban to King Rajendra, Tao Kwang 16th Year (1839 B.S., Magha 21, MFA, Pako No Pa. 64</ref> Despite this, Jagat Bam Pande was originally supposed to lead the 1837 mission.<ref>Bhim Bahadur Pande Chhetri, Rastra Bhakti Ko Jhalak:Pande Bamsa Ko Bhumika, 1596-1904 B.S., kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar, 2034 B.S, P. 156</ref>
After Chautariya Pushkar Shah left for [[Peking]] there was a big political upheaval in Nepal with the dismissal and imprisonment of the Prime Minister [[Bhimsen Thapa]]. [[Bhimsen Thapa]] held the post of Prime Minister continuously for thirty one years. The Nepalese court informed the Chautariya about the political developments in Nepal and dispatched him a letter to hand over to the Ching Emperor. Due to the political turmoil in Nepal, the Chautariya tried to complete his mission and return to Nepal as early as possible. He completed the round-trip journey to [[Peking]] in less than fourteen months. The mission of 1837 recorded a detailed and systematic summary of the routes from Kathmandu to Peking as traveled by the Nepalese envoy to Peking.<ref>B.H. Hodgson, "Route of Two Nepalese Embassies to Peking with Remarks on the watershed and plateau of Tibet", Journal of Asiatic Society, No VI, 1856, pp 486-490</ref>

===Return Trip===
The delegates returned home on 25 September 1838<ref>Hodgson to Secretary, Govt of India, 3 October 1838, Foreign Dpet.Sec, 26 December 1839, No. 139, National Archives of India, New Delhi.</ref> with the Chinese Emperor's Parwana. The return trip from Peking to Kathmandu took nearly six months.<ref>Nepal, F.n. no 5, pp 401-411</ref> During the return trip, two members of the Nepalese mission i.e. one [[Subedar]] and one [[Sipahi]] died on the way.<ref>Nepalese King to Chinese Ambans, 1895 B.S. Ashwin Badi 5 Roj 7, MFA, Poka No Pa 64</ref> The diplomatic team had requested the Ching court to send troops or provide a subsidy of twenty million rupees to opposes the British as Nepal was planning to wage a second war with the colonial power. However, the Nepalese Delegation was met with a stern refusal of its petition for monetary aid, and were also requested not to go to war with the British.<ref>Hodgson to Gov of India, 26 May 1838, Foreign Dept Sec, 13 June 1838, No 10, NAI</ref> The [[Quing]] court did not support Nepal's call for help.

===Importance of the mission===
The 1837 mission was the first Nepalese quinquennial mission ever led by a prominent political personality like Chautariya Pushkar Shah. This mission was different from other Nepalese quinquennial missions in several ways. Firstly, the deputy leader of the 1837 mission was Captain Kirti Dhoj Pande, being the first time that the highest Nepalese military official was assigned the post of deputy leader of the mission. Secondly, the mission carried many expensive presents to the Ching Emperor. The Nepalese presents were so far the most expensive thus far. Thirdly, soon after his return from Peking as the leader of the Nepalese quinquennial mission to China, Chautariya Pushkar Shah was appointed to the post of Prime Minister in 1838.<ref>H. Ambrose Oldfield, Sketches from Nepal, Volume I, Delhi: Cosmo publications, Reptrint, 1981, p. 313</ref> Thus Chautariya Pushkar Shah established his important role in the history of [[Sino-Nepalese relations]].

===Prime Minister of Nepal/Commander in Chief - Nepali Army===
Puskar Shah was the prime minister of [[Nepal]] for a brief time from August 1838 to early 1839. He was made the Prime Minister and the [[Chief of the Nepalese Army]] of Nepal by [[Rajendra of Nepal|King Rajendra]] against the will of the junior Queen [[Rajya Laxmi]]. At the time when he was made the prime minister, the court of Nepal had been divided into two factions: one faction opposed the [[East India Company|British]] and wanted to declare war, whereas the other faction wanted to maintain peace. Puskar Shah believed in waging a war with the British. He was forced to resign from the post of the Prime Minister in early 1839 mainly because the British persistently requested King Rajendra Bikram Shah to remove Shah from the post and install [[Rana Jang Pande]], a minister supporting the British.

==Children==
Chatariya Puskar Shah had four sons: Sri Chautaria Bhim Bikram Shah, Rana Bikram Shah, Colonel Sri Chautaria Bir Bikram Shah, and Colonel Ambar Bikram Shah. Colonel Ambar Bikram Shah was killed by the Ranas for his part in the attempted coup d'état, at Teku, January 1882. Fearing wrath from the Ranas, his son Jabber Jung Shah escaped with his son Amar Jung Shah to a village in Dhading disguised as Jogis and settled there before coming overground in 1885 after the assassination of [[Ranodip_Singh_Kunwar]].

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Prime Ministers of Nepal}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Chautariya Puskhar}}
[[Category:1784 births]]
[[Category:1841 deaths]]
[[Category:Mukhtiyars]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Nepal]]
[[Category:People from Kathmandu]]
[[Category:Shah dynasty|Chautariya]]
[[Category:19th-century prime ministers of Nepal]]
[[Category:Nepalese Hindus]]

Chautariya Pushkar Shah - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 20:19, 23 July 2023