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[[File:Chavittu NadakamIMG 1182.jpg|thumb|Karalman charitham]]<br />
[[File:Chavittu nadakam.ogg|thumb|Chavittu Nadakam (Malayalam:ചവിട്ടുനാടകം) is a highly colorful Latin Christian classical art form originated in Cochin, Kerala state in India.]]<br />
'''Chavittu Nadakam''' ([[Malayalam]]:ചവിട്ടുനാടകം) is a highly colorful [[Latin]] [[Christianity|Christian]] classical art form originated in [[Ernakulam district]], [[Kerala]] state in [[India]]. Commonly believed that Fort Kochi is the birthplace of Chavittu Nadakam. It is noted for its attractive make-up of characters, their elaborate costumes, detailed gestures and well-defined body movements presented in tune with the rhythmic playback music and complementary percussion. This art form highly resembles [[Europe]]an [[opera]]. Chavittu Nadakam is believed to be originated during the 16th century AD. This form of play is prevalent among the Latin Christian community in the districts of [[Alappuzha]], [[Ernakulam]] and [[Thrissur]] of Kerala. <br />
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The most sensual blend of cultural influences can be seen in this Latin Christian dance-drama.<br />
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In Chavittu Nadakam there are large number of characters all in glittering [[medieval]] dress. It is the form of traditional musical dance drama, which symbolizes the martial tradition of Kerala Latin Christians.<br />
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==History==<br />
Chaviitu Nadakam is a Latin Christian folk art form of Kerala.<ref name="Chavittunatakam: Maritime Dance Drama of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/chavittunatakam-maritime-dance-drama-of-kerala-0 |title=Chavittunatakam: Maritime Dance Drama of Kerala |website=www.sahapedia.org |access-date=2019-04-10}}</ref> It is originated in Cochin where the Latin Christian Portuguese missionaries have instituted their first mission. Chavittu Nadakam is believed to be originated after the arrival of [[Portugal|Portuguese]] to the Kerala shores. The reason behind this assumption is that Chavittu Nadakam has a significant European character in its costumes and outfits. But there are historical evidences that Kerala had connections with the western world well before the arrival of Portuguese. Even though some argue that the Chavittu Nadakam is created by Portuguese as they felt cultural emptiness when they arrived at Kerala, there are no evidences supporting this view. Also the fact that Chavittu Nadakam uses language for its playback songs and dialogue, suggest that the art form is indigenous in origin.<br />
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There are also claims that a [[Tamils|Tamil]] named '''Chinnathambi Annavi''' as the founder of this art form in 16th century at [[Mattancherry]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Memory of Chinnathambi Annavi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2013/dec/27/In-Memory-of-Chinnathambi-Annavi-556152.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref> He is the author of one of the most famous plays in the art form ''‘Karalman Charitham’ (the story of Emperor Charlemagne aka Charles the Great).'' The art form was active from [[Kollam]] to [[Kodungallur]] at its peak. There were also other writers like Vedanayakam Pillai, a native of Neyyoor, Kanyakumari. In earlier days this art form was mostly encouraged by the Tamil population and were staged in church premises. ''Sanjon Annavi, Vareechan Annavi, Cherrechan Annavi and Anthony Annavi'' were some of the playwrights of the early days. ''Brazeena Natakam, Ouseph Natakam, Kathrina Natakam, Santi Claus Natakam, Karlman Natakam and Jnana Sundar''i were some of the popular plays of early days. Chavittu Nadakam attained the style and form of the operas of Europe under the influence of Portuguese and European missionaries who propagated catholic belief in coastal regions of Kerala. The [[Syrian Christians of Kerala]] who lived in inlands didn't show any inclination for the art and thus its popularity was confined to Latin Catholic community.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chavittu Natakam - the dance of the Kings {{!}} Christian Artforms in Kerala {{!}} Christianity {{!}} Kerala Tourism|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/christianity/chavittu-natakam/35|website=Christianity|language=en|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref><br />
[[File:Chavittu Nadakam Brijeena.png|thumb|Original Chavittu Nadakam costumes: Queen Brijeena from Brijeena Charitham play]]<br />
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==Performance==<br />
[[File:Chavittu Nadakam Costumes.png|thumb|The costumes used in Chavittu Nadakam]]<br />
Chavittu Nadakam is usually performed on open stages. Sometimes the interior of a church is also a venue. The performers wear glittering [[Europe]]an costumes. The stage is set up over wooden planks. The training master is known as ''Annavi''. The whole play is performed through musicals. Dance and instrumental music are combined in this art form. The bell and drum are two instruments used as background score. The percussion instruments Pada Thamber and Maravaladi provides the rhythm. The actors themselves sing and act. Though it used to be an open stage performance, in the recent times this is mostly played indoor. The predominant feature of this art is the artists stamping / pounding (Chavittu) the dance floor producing resonant sounds to accentuate the dramatic situations. The actors sing their lines loudly and with exaggerated gestures stamp with great force on the wooden stage. Hence literally Chavittu Nadakam means 'Stamping Drama'. Great stress is laid on the step, which goes in harmony with the songs. In these art forms there is a great importance for dance and art. Foot stamping dance, fighting and fencing are the essential part of Chavittunadakam. Royal dresses and ornamental costumes are necessary.<br />
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The play is considered a success if at the end, the stage cave into the pressure of heavy stamping.<br />
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==Librettos==<br />
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The stories are mostly the heroic episodes of [[Bible]] or great Christian warriors. Historical incidents, the life and adventure of heroes like [[Charlemagne]]; stories of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] were the themes of Chavittu Nadakam in the 16th century. In the 18th century, spiritual themes like "Allesu-Nadakam", "Cathareena Nadakam", the victory of the [[Isaac]], etc. were the themes. In the 19th century moral themes like "Sathyapalan"; "Njanasundhari", "Komala Chandrika", "Anjelica", "karlsman" were handled.<br />
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Malayalam writing<br />
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==Most popular Chavittu Nadakam plays==<br />
[[File:Charlemagne and Pope Adrian I.jpg|thumb|The [[Franks|Frankish]] King [[Charlemagne]] was a devout [[Latin Catholic]]. Shown here, the Pope asks Charlemagne for help at a meeting near [[Rome]]]]<br />
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* Carelman Charitham ([[Charlemagne]] the Great)<br />
* Brijeena Charitham (Life of Queen Brijeena)<br />
* [[St. Sebastian]]<br />
* Daveedhum Goliyathum ([[David]] and [[Goliath]])<br />
* Mahanaya Alexander ([[Alexander the Great]])<br />
* Veerayodhakkalude Anthyam (Death of Great warriors)<br />
{{Christianity in India sidebar}}<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Margam Kali]]<br />
* [[Slama Carol]]<br />
* [[Kerala Folklore Academy]]<br />
* [[Thumpoly|Thumpoly Church]]<br />
<gallery><br />
Chavittu NadakamIMG 1186.jpg|Chavittu Nadakam<br />
Chavittu NadakamIMG 1181.jpg|Chavittu Nadakam<br />
Chavittu NadakamIMG 1179.jpg|Chavittu Nadakam<br />
Chavittu NadakamIMG 1200.jpg|Chavittu Nadakam<br />
</gallery><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{commons category|Chavittu Nadakam}}<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNP8eiEJ4ao Chavittu Nadakam Video in Youtube]<br />
*[http://video.webindia123.com/dance/chavittunadakam/index.htm Chavittu Nadakam Video in WebIndia]<br />
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110324220907/http://www.christianfolkarts.com/chavittunatakam.html Christian Folk Arts]<br />
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{{Culture of Kerala}}<br />
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[[Category:Christian folklore]]<br />
[[Category:Culture of Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Arts of Kerala]]</div>imported>GoingBatty