>Narky Blert at 13:17, 28 April 2021

2021-04-28T13:17:53Z

New page

{{more footnotes|date=September 2020}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
The '''chemical industry of India''' is a major contributor to the [[Economy of India|Indian economy]], contributing 7% of the country's Gross Domestic Product ([[Gross domestic product|GDP]]). India's chemical industry ranks as sixth largest in world, and third in [[Asia]]. The value of the chemical industry in India was estimated at 100 billion dollars in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Topic: Chemical industry in India|url=https://www.statista.com/topics/5601/chemical-industry-in-india/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-09-02|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> The chemical industry of India generates employment for five million people.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sectors|url=https://www.cii.in/sectors.aspx?enc=prvePUj2bdMtgTmvPwvisYH+5EnGjyGXO9hLECvTuNskmvgGjRIRgzWycLq2dn10|access-date=2020-09-02|website=www.cii.in}}</ref>

The Indian chemical industry produces 80,000 different chemical products. India was also the third largest producer of plastic in 2019. As of September 2019, the [[Alkaline earth metal|alkali chemical]] industry produced 71% of all chemicals produced in India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chemical Industry in India – Indian Chemical Sector Analysis|url=https://www.investindia.gov.in/sector/chemicals|access-date=2020-09-02|website=www.investindia.gov.in|language=en}}</ref>

India's chemical industry accounts about 14% of production in Indian industries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=PricewaterhouseCoopers|title=Chemicals|url=https://www.pwc.in/industries/chemicals.html|access-date=2020-09-07|website=PwC|language=en-in}}</ref>

==Introduction==
The Indian chemical industry mainly produces basic types of chemicals as well as knowledge type chemicals and specialty type chemicals as of 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India - chemical market share by type 2018|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1062458/india-chemical-market-share-by-type/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> In India, [[Gujarat]] was the largest state contributor to the chemical industry of India in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=India - chemical industry share by state 2018|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1062442/india-chemical-industry-share-by-state/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> India also produces products related to [[petrochemical]]s, [[Fertilizer|fertilizers]], [[paint]]s, [[varnish]]es, [[glass]], [[perfume]]s, [[toiletries]], [[pharmaceuticals]], etc.

The India chemical industry is divided into six sub-segments. These sub-segments are Basic Organic Chemicals, Specialty Chemicals, Chlor-alkali, Pesticides, Dyestuff, and alcohol-based chemicals. India is a major producer of basic organic chemicals.

== History ==
In India, the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR) was established in 1942 with the aim of providing scientific and industrial research to maximize the scientific, economic, and environmental benefits to the people of India.

The Indian Chemical Manufacture association, now called Indian Chemical Association (ICC) was founded in 1938 in by [[Prafulla Chandra Ray|P. C. Ray]], Rajmitra B. D. Amin and other Industries to promote the national chemical industry of India.

In India, the first [[Medication|pharmaceutical]] company set up was Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceutical. [[Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals|Bengal Chemicals and Pharmaceutical]] was set up by [[P. C. Ray|P.C Ray]], professor of chemistry at [[University of Calcutta|Calcutta University]]. After 9 years of settlement of this company, one more company called Alembic Chemical works at Baroda (Now as [[Vadodara]]) in [[Gujarat]] was set up.

Before [[World War II]], foreign companies had the domain in the [[drug]] industry of [[India]]. After [[World War II]], foreign company domain in [[drug]]s decreased and more Indian drug companies were established. During this time, the Indian government established five drug companies. The two of them are [[Hindustan Antibiotics|Hindustan Antibiotics Limited]] and Indian Drugs and Pharmaceutical companies.

After India got independence from the [[British Raj]] in 1947, India established many units of [[basic chemicals]], dyes, [[textile]]s and [[fertilizer]]s. In 1964, a downstream plant was established in [[Mumbai]].

In the 1980s and 1990s, the petroleum industry of India had grown faster with the development of the [[gas cracker]], along with related downstream industries for [[polymer]]s, [[Synthetic fiber|synthetic fibers]], [[Aromaticity|aromatic]] and other chemicals. In early 1980, the [[Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited|IPCL]] had established a plant-based on a cracker in [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]].

India has been suppressed by inadequate supply and high import duties in the petroleum industry, which led to private industry entry into the [[petroleum industry]]. [[Reliance Industries|Reliance industries]] have set up many parts in [[Patalganga|PatalGanga]] ([[Maharashtra]]), [[Jamnagar Refinery|Jamnagar]] ([[Gujarat]]), [[Hazira]] ([[Gujarat]]). This led to an increased role of Reliance industries in the petroleum industry. This has led to the entry of Reliance industries into the [[polyester]] business, such as [[Terephthalic acid|purified terephthalic acid]], and polyethylene terephthalate resin. These new materials are used to make [[Polyester Fiberfill|polyester fibre]], [[bottle]] and [[filamentation]].

== Productions ==
===Basic Organic Chemical Industry===
The organic chemicals industry is one of the most significant sectors of the chemical industry in the world. It plays a vital role in providing inputs for other industries of [[paint]]s, [[adhesive]]s, [[Pharmaceutical industry in India|pharmaceuticals]], [[dyestuff]]s and [[Intermediate 1|intermediates]], leather chemicals, [[pesticide]]s, etc. [[Methanol]], [[acetic acid]], [[formaldehyde]], [[pyridine]], [[phenol]], [[Aliphatic amine|alkylamines]], [[ethyl acetate]], and [[acetic anhydride]] are major basic organic chemicals that are produced in India.

Six major chemicals are produced in India: [[methanol]], [[aniline]], [[Aliphatic amine|alkylamines]], and its derivatives [[formaldehyde]], [[acetic acid]], and [[phenol]] contributing to nearly 2/3 of Indian basis organic chemical industry.

==== Chlor-Alkali Chemical Industry ====
The chlor-Alkali is an industrial process for the [[electrolysis]] of [[sodium chloride]] solutions. In India chlor-alkali industry mainly consists of the production of three [[inorganic chemicals]]. The mainly three [[inorganic chemicals]] that are produced in the form of this industry are [[caustic soda]] ({{chem|Na|O|H)}}, [[chlorine]] ({{chem|Cl|2}}) and [[soda ash]] ({{chem|Na|2|C|O|3}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.omrglobal.com/industry-reports/india-chlor-alkali-market|title=Indian Chlor Alkali Market Size, Share, Trends and Industry Analysis|website=Orion Market Research}}</ref> Hydrogen is also produced in this industry in small amounts. The chlor-alkali industry inputs are mainly used in soaps and [[detergents]], [[Pulp (paper)|pulp]] and [[paper]], [[textiles]], [[aluminium]] processing industry for [[caustic soda]] and for [[soda ash]] in [[glass]], [[silicate]] production etc apart from [[soaps]] and [[detergents]].
In the financial year 2019–2020 of chlor-alkali industry of India over four million metric tons of alkali chemicals were produced. The products that are produced in this industry are [[soda ash]], [[caustic soda]], and liquid [[chlorine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/726866/india-alkali-chemicals-production-volume/|title=India - alkali chemicals production volume 2020|website=Statista}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Chemical industry of India]]

Chemical industry in India - Revision history

>Narky Blert at 13:17, 28 April 2021