150.129.101.49 at 14:31, 30 May 2022

2022-05-30T14:31:44Z

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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Cherusseri Namboodiri <br> ചെറുശ്ശേരി നമ്പൂതിരി
| image =
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| birth_name =
| birth_date = c. 1375
| birth_place = Cherussery Illam, Kanathur village, [[Kolathunadu]], <br> (present day [[Vatakara]], [[Kozhikode district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]])
| death_date = c. 1475
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| occupation = Poet
| language = [[Malayalam]]
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| genre =
| subject = Poems
| movement =
| notableworks = Krishna Gatha
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| awards = ''Veerasrimkhala''
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}}

'''Cherusseri Namboothiri''' (Malayalam:ചെറുശ്ശേരി നമ്പൂതിരി) is a 15th-century [[Malayalam]] poet who belonged to [[Kolathunadu]], in present-day [[North Malabar]] region of [[Kerala]].<ref name="Cherussery (Krishnagadha) malayalam author books">{{Cite web |url=http://keralaliterature.com/old/author.php?authid=1473 |title=Cherussery (Krishnagadha) malayalam author books |website=keralaliterature.com |access-date=2019-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407052549/http://keralaliterature.com/old/author.php%3Fauthid%3D1473 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was a court poet of Udaya Varma (1446–1475) and the author of ''[[Krishnagatha]]'', a poem which is considered a landmark in the development of [[Malayalam literature]].

Cherusseri Namboothiri is believed to have lived between 1375 and 1475 [[Common Era|CE]]. He was born in Kaanathoor village in [[Kolathunadu]] or Kolaththiri Desam (now in [[Vatakara]], [[Kozhikode district]], [[Kerala]]). Several scholars like P. K. Narayana Pillai and P. Govinda Pillai hold the view that Cherusseri was the name of the Namboothiri's ancestral house (''Illam''). However, according to T. K. Balakrishnan Nair, there were 12 ''cheris'' in Kolathnadu and the smallest of them was called ''Cheru-Cheri'' (''Cheru''-small; ''Cheri''-an extent of a place) which has finally taken the form of Cherusseri. There aren't many details recorded in history about the life of this poet. There is some dispute about the author's name and his identity. Some scholars are of opinion that he was the same as the Punam Namboothiri of the ''[[Champu|Champu literature]]''.<ref name="Cherussery (Krishnagadha) malayalam author books" /> The difference between the style of ''Krishna Gatha'' and that of any of the ''Champus'' however refutes this argument. A few lines in the opening stanzas of ''Krishna Gatha'' clarify that he was a court poet in the palace of the king Udaya Varma, who then ruled Kolathunadu: {{lang-ml|"Paalaazhi maaruthan paalichchu porunna Kolathu Nathan Udayavarman Aajnaye cholliyaal ajnanaayullava njaan Praajnaayingane bhaavichchappol"}} (When the king who rules the Kolath dhesam commands, the ignorant me pretend to be a talented one). Cherusseri's living period has been decided based on the historical record of King Udayavarman's period of reign.

His story about Akruran visiting Ambadi to meet [[Krishna|kannan]] is very famous. His various thoughts Are Portrayed in this story. ''Krishna Gatha'' is a long poem of epical dimensions written at the behest of Udaya Varma. It is the first ''Maha Kavya'' in Malayalam. Udaya Varma rewarded him with the title ''Veerasrinkhala'' and other honors. Cherusseri is the originator of the ''Gatha'' style of poetry in Malayalam. ''Krishna Gatha''<ref name="Pattu Movement in Malayalam Poetry">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/ |title=Pattu Movement in Malayalam Poetry |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-04-07}}</ref><ref name="NatarajanNelson1996">{{cite book|author1=Nalini Natarajan|author2=Emmanuel Sampath Nelson|title=Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&pg=PA181|year=1996|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28778-7|pages=181–}}</ref> is the detailed description of the boyhood pranks of Lord Krishna based on the 10th canto of ''[[Bhagavata Purana|Śrīmad Bhāgavatam]]'', an early [[Puranic]] text. Cherusseri's importance lies in his clear inclination towards native tongue, by which his poetry became popular among the people of Kerala.<ref name="Mukherjee1998">{{cite book|author=Sujit Mukherjee|title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA189|year=1998|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-1453-9|pages=189–}}</ref> With the writing of ''Krishna Gatha'', the validity of the use of spoken Malayalam for literary purposes received its ultimate justification. Unlike the language of Cheeraman's ''Ramacharitam'' and the works of the [[Niranam poets]], the language of ''Krishna Gatha'' marks the culmination of a stage of evolution. This work has been respected by the people of Kerala similar to [[Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan]]'s ''[[Adhyathmaramayanam]]'' (Ezhuthachan is known as the father of modern Malayalam literature). The legend is that Cherusseri was inspired by a lullaby and followed the same metrical pattern for the composition of ''Krishna Gatha''. It is written in a melodious metre known as ''manjari''.

''Krishna Gatha'' is used in [[India]] for daily recitation as an act of worship of [[Krishna]] during the [[Malayalam]] month [[Chingam]] (August–September) by devout [[Malayali]] Hindus. The sonorous poetry ''Krishna Gatha'' depicts the exploits of Lord Krishna.<ref name="Dalal2014">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT688|date=18 April 2014|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-277-9|pages=688–}}</ref> It is in Krishna Gatha that we see a diction which is similar to that of the present day. The theme deals with the story of Lord Krishna. The sweet and tender aspects of maternal love are wonderfully portrayed in this work. As there are lengthy beautiful descriptions with lavish use of adjectives throughout the poetical work, the composition is quite interesting and enjoyable. Feelings of passion, devotion, humor, and warmth are all discovered at a superior level, singly in a natural style and with equal measure. Other than ''Krishna Gaatha'', ''Bhaaratha Gaatha'' is also considered to be Cherusseri's composition.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |last1=Paniker |first1=K. Ayyappa |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |date=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 |page=310 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Medieval_Indian_Literature_Surveys_and_s/KYLpvaKJIMEC?hl=en&gbpv=0&pg=PA310 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Datta |editor1-first=Amaresh |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo |date=1987 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-1803-1 |page=677 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Encyclopaedia_of_Indian_Literature/ObFCT5_taSgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA677 |language=en}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kk7NWdyjmfI |title=Cherusseri Namboothiri Top # 23 Facts |last=CatTiger |date=2015-11-02 |access-date=2019-04-07}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_RH1DIQojg |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/z_RH1DIQojg |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Cherusseri |last=Sovi's World |date=2017-06-15 |access-date=2019-04-07}}{{cbignore}}

{{Triumvirates of Malayalam poetry}}
{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Namboothiri, Cherusseri}}
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:1475 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:People from Kannur district]]
[[Category:Poets from Kerala]]

Cherusseri Namboothiri - Revision history

150.129.101.49 at 14:31, 30 May 2022