ImportMaster at 18:20, 9 January 2022

2022-01-09T18:20:34Z

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[[File:Enfants au travail dans le monde.png|thumb|upright=1.95|This map shows how common child labour was in the world, in 2003. The report of the World Bank concerns children aged 10-14 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Table 2.8, WDI 2005, The World Bank |url=http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/wdi05fulltext.pdf |access-date=2015-06-04 |archive-date=2013-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810035500/http://data.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/wdi05fulltext.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The data is incomplete, as many countries do not collect or report child labour data (colored gray). The color code is as follows: yellow (<10% of children working), green (10–20%), orange (20–30%), red (30–40%) and black (>40%). Some nations such as [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]] and [[Ethiopia]] have more than half of all children aged 5–14 at work, because the family does not earn enough money.<ref>[http://www.childinfo.org/labour_countrydata.php Percentage of children aged 5–14 engaged in child labour]</ref>]][[File:Child labour Nepal.jpg|thumb|332x332px|Young girls working in a [[brick]] [[factory]]]]
[[File:coaltub.png|
Child working in a mine, early 19th century England. <br/>Laws on child labour, the [[Factory Acts]], were passed in Britain in the 19th century. Children younger than nine were not allowed to work, those aged 9–16 could work 16 hours per day: [[Factory Acts#Cotton Mills, etc. Act 1819|Cotton Mills Act]]. In 1856, the law permitted child labour past age 9, for 60 hours per week, night or day. In 1901, the child labour age was raised to 12.<ref>[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/workers1.html The life of the industrial worker in nineteenth-century England]. Laura Del Col, West Virginia University.</ref><ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2507680/pdf/brmedj08540-0099.pdf The Factory and Workshop Act 1901]</ref>]]

'''Child labour''' means that [[child]]ren are forced to [[Labour (economics)|work]] like [[adult]]s and take part in an [[economics|economic activity]]. According to the ILO [[International Labour Organization]] the term is applied to people up to age thirteen, or seventeen in case of dangerous work. Only about a fourth of the ILO members have ratified the respective convention, but the age limits are generally accepted.<ref name=basu>[http://www.fordham.edu/economics/mcleod/Basu-99-Child1.pdf Basu K. 1999. Child labor: cause, consequence, and cure, with remarks on International Labor Standards. ''Journal of Economic Literature'', '''37''', pp. 1083-1119.]</ref>

When children work like adults, this will deprive them of their childhood: Very often, they cannot attend regular school either. This kind of work is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.

Child labour is fundamentally different from casual work done by children, like guarding other children, or helping here and there. Child labour is forbidden in most countries. In some places minor boys and girls work in tea stalls, restaurants, hotels and other small shops. Some work in huge factories like brick factories. The main reason why child labour occurs is poverty.

There are two kinds of work that [[minor]]s can do:
#Some work they do is acceptable, as it is only light, or easy to do. Children can also do it while they are well-integrated into the family. This kind of work can be done in addition to an [[education]] the children are getting.
#The other kind of work is difficult to do, or it is physically exhausting. It may be dangerous, the children may be required to work for long hours and in humiliating clothing.
In general the second kind of work is usually labelled child labour. Estimates are that up to 350 million children are affected by child labour. Eight million of these are affected by the worst forms of child labour: they are [[child soldier]]s, they are forced into [[child prostitution]], they are used for [[child pornography]], they are [[child slave]]s, [[debt bondage]] or affected by [[human trafficking]].

Often such cases are known through [[scandal]]s in the [[mass media]]. In that manner, a working child is often seen as a [[slavery|slave]], working in a Sweet shop in a [[third world]] country, producing [[textile]]s, or as one of the [[street children]] in [[South America]]. The reality is different though: Such shops exist all over the world, also in countries like the [[United States]] or [[Italy]]. The fact that child labour is involved is often hidden: More than three quarters of this work is done in the sector of [[agriculture]], or it has to do with activities done at home, in the context of the family. If child-slaves exist, they are only a minority. This form of work done by children also existed before [[industrialisation]] and [[globalisation]], the two phenomena have made it more visible.<ref>{{cite web|title=UNICEF State of the World's Children 1997|url=http://www.unicef.org/sowc97/|publisher=Oxford University Press for UNICEF|access-date=26 August 2013|author=Carol Bellamy, Executive Director|year=2011|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111221918/https://www.unicef.org/sowc97/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Child abuse]]
*[[Debt bondage]]

[[Category:Child labour| ]]

Child labour - Revision history

ImportMaster at 18:20, 9 January 2022