Ajay Kumar at 10:07, 20 August 2023

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{{short description|Film genre}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{redirect|Family film|the 2015 film|Family Film}}
A '''children's film''', or '''family film''', is a [[film genre]] that contains [[child]]ren or relates to them in the context of home and family. Children's films are made specifically for children and not necessarily for a general audience, while family films are made for a wider appeal with a general audience in mind.{{sfn|Bazalgette|1995|p=92}}{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=4–5}} Children's films come in several major genres like [[Realism (arts)|realism]], [[fantasy]], [[adventure film|adventure]], [[war]], [[musical film|musicals]], [[comedy]], and [[literary adaptation]]s.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=161}}

==Psychological aspects==
Children are born with certain innate biological dispositions as a product of long [[Evolutionary psychology|evolutionary history]]. This provides an underlying biological framework for what may fascinate a child and also impose limitations on the same. These can be seen in certain universal features shared in children's films.<ref name="Grodal">Grodal Torben (2009) Embodied Visions, Oxford University Press. P 27</ref> According to Grodal, films like ''[[Finding Nemo]]'' (2003), ''[[Bambi]]'' (1942), or [[Hayao Miyazaki]]'s ''[[Spirited Away]]'' (2001) are based on certain strong emotions like fear, that lead to the activation of what Boyer and Lienard called the hazard-precaution system.<ref name="Boyer">{{cite journal |last1=Boyer |first1=Pascal |last2=Liénard |first2=Pierre |title=Why ritualized behavior? Precaution Systems and action parsing in developmental, pathological and cultural rituals |journal=The Behavioral and Brain Sciences |year=2006 |pmid=17918647 |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=1–56 |issn=0140-525X |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5925738 |doi=10.1017/s0140525x06009332|citeseerx=10.1.1.473.3819 |s2cid=9395265 }}
</ref> This enables the brain to take precautions in case of danger.<ref name="Grodal"/> Children's films such as these explore various topics such as: [[attachment theory|attachment]] to [[Parent|parenting agency]]; the development of friendship; reciprocal relationships between individuals; or deal with the necessity or need in children and young people to explore and to engage in [[play (activity)|play]].<ref name="Panksepp">{{cite book |last=Panksepp |first=Jaak |title=Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions |date=September 3, 1998 |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199884353}}</ref> Thus these diverse films deal with certain aspects that are not mere social constructions, but rather emotions relevant to all children and therefore have an appeal to a wider universal audience. While cultural aspects shape how various films are created, these films refer to underlying universal aspects that are [[innatism|innate]] and biological.<ref name="Grodal"/> University of Melbourne scholar Timothy Laurie criticises the emphasis placed on children's innate psychic tendencies, noting that "pedagogical norms have been tirelessly heaped onto children's media", and that rather than deriving from hardwired biology, "the quality of childhood is more likely shaped by social policy, political opportunism, pedagogical institutions, and youth-specific market segmentation".<ref name="Laurie 2015">{{Cite journal|title=Becoming-Animal Is A Trap For Humans |first=Timothy |last=Laurie |journal=Deleuze and the Non-Human |year=2015 |url=https://www.academia.edu/10912960}} eds. Hannah Stark and Jon Roffe.</ref>

==Family films versus children's films==
In both the United States and Europe, the idea of children's films began to gain relative prominence in the 1930s. According to Bazalgette and Staples, the term "family film" is essentially an American expression while "children's film" is considered to be a European expression.{{sfn|Bazalgette|1995|p=94}} However, the difference between the two terms can be seen in casting methods adopted by American and European films respectively. In American family films, the search for a child protagonist involves casting children who meet a specific criterion or standard for physical appearance. In contrast, European children's films look to cast children who appear "ordinary".{{sfn|Bazalgette|1995|p=95}} Similarly, in American family films, the adult cast can be composed of well known actors or actresses in an effort to attract a wider audience, presenting narratives from an adult or parental perspective. This is shown through the casting, content of the [[plot (narrative)|plot]], editing, and even ''[[mise-en-scène]]''.{{sfn|Bazalgette|1995|p=95}} According to Bazalgette and Staples, a fine example of a family film is ''[[Honey, I Shrunk the Kids]]'' (1989), which if it were a European children's film with a similar plot, the title would be ''Sis, Dad Shrunk Us'', explaining that European children's films are told from the child's perspective, portraying the story through the various emotions and experiences of the child.{{sfn|Bazalgette|1995|p=96}} Because of these differences, American family films are more easily marketable toward domestic and international viewing audiences while European children's films are better received domestically with limited appeal to international audiences.{{sfn|Bazalgette|1995|pp=92–108}}

==United States==

===Early years===
[[The Walt Disney Company]] made animated adaptations of [[Grimms' Fairy Tales]] before [[World War II]], beginning with ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' (1937). The period immediately before and during World War II saw the release of three significant family films in the U.S. These were ''Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs'' by Disney, ''[[Gulliver's Travels (1939 film)|Gulliver's Travels]]'' by [[Fleischer Studios]], and ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (1940), also by Disney.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=66}} All of these were loose adaptations of literary sources.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=66}}

After the war, Disney continued to make animated features that could be classified as family films given the scope of its content.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=55–122}} According to Wojcik, the most important film adaptations of children's literature in the immediate post-World War II period were the motion pictures ''[[The Diary of Anne Frank (1959 film)|The Diary of Anne Frank]]'' by [[George Stevens]] (1959), ''[[Treasure Island (1950 film)|Treasure Island]]'' (1950) by [[Byron Haskin]] and [[Luigi Comencini]]'s 1952 motion picture ''[[Heidi (1952 film)|Heidi]]''.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=77}}

===1960s to 1990s===
In the 1960s, motion pictures such as ''[[To Kill a Mockingbird (film)|To Kill a Mockingbird]]'' (1962) and ''[[Oliver! (film)|Oliver!]]'' (1968), directed by [[Carol Reed]], portrayed children as naturally innocent.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=87}} Other films of the 1960s that involved children include ''[[The Sound of Music (film)|The Sound of Music]]'' (1965) by [[Robert Wise]] and ''[[The Miracle Worker (1962 film)|The Miracle Worker]]'' (1962).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=88–89}} These were very successful musical motion picture that were in the genre of family films. Four of the top ten highest-grossing films of the decade were family films: ''The Sound of Music'', ''[[One Hundred and One Dalmatians]]'' (1961), ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 film)|The Jungle Book]]'' (1967), and ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins (1964)]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/boxoffice2.html |publisher=AMC Filmsite |title=All-Time Box Office Hits |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121074923/http://www.filmsite.org/boxoffice2.html |archive-date=November 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}</ref> Hollywood also released motion pictures starring children though these were not commercially successful and they were literary adaptations nonetheless. These include ''...And Now Miguel'' (1966), ''[[Doctor Dolittle (film)|Doctor Dolittle]]'' (1967), and ''[[The Learning Tree]]'' (1969).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=89}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.filmsite.org/60sintro5.html | title=The History of Film — The 1960s | publisher=AMC Filmsite | access-date=May 3, 2014}}</ref> Other family/children films of the decade include ''[[Pollyanna (1960 film)|Pollyanna]]'' (1960), ''[[Swiss Family Robinson (1960 film)|Swiss Family Robinson]]'' (1960), ''[[In Search of the Castaways (film)|In Search of the Castaways]]'' (1962), ''[[The Sword in the Stone (1963 film)|The Sword in the Stone]]'' (1963), ''[[That Darn Cat!]]'' (1965), ''[[Up the Down Staircase (film)|Up the Down Staircase]]'' (1967), ''[[To Sir, With Love]]'' (1967), ''[[Yours, Mine and Ours (1968 film)|Yours, Mine and Ours]]'' (1968), and ''[[The Parent Trap (1961 film)|The Parent Trap]]'' (1961).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=92}}

Children's films in the 1970s from the United States include animated films such as ''[[The Aristocats]]'' (1970), ''[[Charlotte's Web (1973 film)|Charlotte's Web]]'' (1973), ''[[Robin Hood (1973 film)|Robin Hood]]'' (1973), ''[[The Rescuers]]'' (1977), and ''[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|The Hobbit]]'' (1977).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=96}} The decade also had live action children's films like ''[[Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory]]'' (1971), ''[[Sounder (film)|Sounder]]'' (1972), ''[[Benji (1974 film)|Benji]]'' (1974), ''[[Tuck Everlasting]]'' (1976), ''[[The Bad News Bears]]'' (1976), ''[[Freaky Friday (1976 film)|Freaky Friday]]'' (1976), and ''[[A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich (film)|A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich]]'' (1978),{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=96}} the divorce drama involving a child ''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]'' (1978), and ''[[The Muppet Movie]]'' (1979).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=106}} There were also combination live action/animation films such as 1971's ''[[Bedknobs and Broomsticks]]'' and ''[[Pete's Dragon (1977 film)|Pete's Dragon]]'' (1977). This trend of films inspired the 1980s and 1990s productions of classic children's films from America including ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' (1991) and ''[[Matilda (1996 film)|Matilda]]'' (1996).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=96}}

American children's and family films of the 1980s include ''[[Popeye (film)|Popeye]]'' (1980), ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' (1981), [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' (1982), ''[[The Great Mouse Detective]]'' (1986), and ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=100}} Spielberg portrays children realistically, having to cope with issues.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=101}} This is seen in ''E.T. the Extra Terrestrial'',{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=106}} where the children have to cope with the issues of single parenting and divorce, as well as separation from their father. Also, in the motion picture ''[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]'' (1987),{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=163}} the protagonist child Jim Graham has to deal with separation from his parents for years, to the point where he is unable to even remember what his mother looked like. He is wounded not by bullets, but by the madness and cruelty of war and separation from his parents.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=163}} According to Robin Wood, in their films, Lucas and Spielberg both reconstruct "... the adult spectator as a child ..." or "... an adult who would like to be a child".<ref name="Wood">{{cite book |last=Wood |first=Robin |title=Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan |date=January 1986 |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780231057776 |page=163}}</ref>{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=104}} Other important children's films from the U.S. in the late 1970s include ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' (1977).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=101}} Live action films like ''[[Superman (1978 film)|Superman]]'' (1978){{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=173}} and ''[[Superman II]]''{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=105}} are also important children's and family films. They have been ranked as some of the best family entertainment over the past generation. The 1970s and 1980s also include several films and their sequels as classics of family films, including: ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' (1977) and its sequels ''[[The Empire Strikes Back]]'' (1980) and ''[[Return of the Jedi]]'' (1983).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=104–105}} Other similar movies and sequels include [[Robert Zemeckis]]'s film ''[[Back to the Future]]'' (1985) and its sequels ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]'' (1989) and ''[[Back to the Future Part III]]'' (1990).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=104–105}}

"Since the resurgence of Disney feature films with ''The Little Mermaid'' (1989)", writes Laurie, "high-budget animations have become part of the Hollywood box office furniture, with phenomenal successes from Pixar Studios, DreamWorks animations and more recently, Blue Sky Studios".<ref name="Laurie 2015"/> Important animated family films of the 1990s include Disney titles such as ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' (1991), ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' (1992), ''[[The Lion King]]'' (1994), ''[[Mulan (1998 film)|Mulan]]'' (1998), ''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' (1996), and the [[Pixar]] [[Computer animation|computer animated]] films ''[[Toy Story]]'' (1995), its sequel ''[[Toy Story 2]]'' (1999), and ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' (1998).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=119}} This decade introduced the modern [[fairy tale]] film ''[[Edward Scissorhands]]'' (1990),{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=102}} depicting an isolated, [[Artificiality|artificially created]] young man with human emotions and childlike qualities who is ultimately rejected by society while the female [[protagonist]] holds on to his memory. The 1990s also saw additional live-action family films such as ''[[Back to the Future Part III]]'' (1990), which brought the [[Back to the Future (franchise)|Back to the Future franchise]] into this decade, ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990 film)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' (1990), ''[[Home Alone]]'' (1990) and its sequel ''[[Home Alone 2: Lost in New York]]'' (1992), ''[[Hook (film)|Hook]]'' (1991), ''[[Alan & Naomi]]'' (1992), ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' (1993), [[Steve Zaillian]]'s ''[[Searching for Bobby Fischer]]'' (1993), ''[[Super Mario Bros. (film)|Super Mario Bros.]]'' (1993), ''[[Mrs. Doubtfire]]'' (1993), ''[[The Flintstones (film)|The Flintstones]]'' (1994), ''[[Babe (film)|Babe]]'' (1995), ''[[Jumanji]]'' (1995), ''[[101 Dalmatians (1996 film)|101 Dalmatians]]'' (1996), ''[[Fly Away Home]]'' (1996), ''[[Vegas Vacation]]'' (1997), and ''[[October Sky]]'' (1999).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=110}} Films such as ''[[A Little Princess (1995 film)|A Little Princess]]'' (1995) were more successful in the [[home video]] market than in theaters. [[Direct-to-video]] became important for both animated and live-action films, such as ''[[The Return of Jafar]]'' (1994) and those starring [[Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen]].<ref name=matzer19970416>{{cite news|title=Direct-to-Video Family Films Are Hitting Home|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997-04-16/business/fi-49283_1_video-sales |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=4 June 2011|first=Marla|last=Matzer|date=1997-04-16}}</ref>

==Europe==
In the 1930s and 1940s, a children's film studio was set up in [[Moscow]]. Several films were imported from this studio to the United Kingdom including ''The Magic Fish'', ''[[The Land of Toys]]'', and ''[[The Humpbacked Horse (film)|The Humpbacked Horse]]''.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=72}} Post World War II children's films include the Italian neorealist film ''[[Bicycle Thieves]]'', by [[Vittorio De Sica]] (1948).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=117–118}} According to Goldstein and Zornow, Clement's French film, ''[[Forbidden Games]]'' (1952), features children in the scenario of war, and shows the gap between children and adults.<ref name="Goldstein">{{cite book |last1=Goldstein |first1=Ruth M. |last2=Zornow | first2=Edith | title=The screen image of youth: movies about children and adolescents |url=https://archive.org/details/screenimageofyou0000gold |url-access=registration |date=September 1, 1980 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810813168 |location=Metuchen, NJ | page=[https://archive.org/details/screenimageofyou0000gold/page/211 211]}}</ref> This period also includes the [[Cinema of the Czech Republic|Czech]] children's film ''[[Journey to the Beginning of Time]]'' (1955), directed by [[Karel Zeman]]. In the 1960s, important European children's films include the British-Italian romance film ''[[Romeo and Juliet (1968 film)|Romeo and Juliet]]'' (1968), and the French film ''[[The Wild Child|L'Enfant sauvage]]'' (1969). French film directors [[Louis Malle]] and [[François Truffaut]] made significant contributions to children's films. Louis Malle made the films ''[[Zazie dans le métro (film)|Zazie dans Le Metro]]'' (1960), ''[[Murmur of the Heart]]'' (1971), and ''[[Pretty Baby (1978 film)|Pretty Baby]]'' (1978). The works of Truffaut include ''[[The 400 Blows]]'' (1959), ''[[The Wild Child]]'' (1970) and ''[[Small Change (Tom Waits album)|Small Change]]'' (1976).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=94}} The film making style of Malle and Truffaunt inspired present day directors in making children's films; including ''[[Ponette]]'' (1996) directed by [[Jacques Doillon]], which deals with the emotional and psychological pain and hurt that children experience "... while living without parental love and care".{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=94,116}} Other important European children's cinema in the 1960s include ''The Christmas Tree'' (1969), which tells the story of a child coping with his imminent death due to [[leukemia]], and [[Robert Bresson]]'s film ''[[Mouchette]]'' (1964), which deals with the suicide of a 14-year-old girl. According to Wojcik, the contrast between films like ''Mary Poppins'' and ''Mouchette'' shows the ambiguous or schizoid nature of the depiction of children in the 1960s.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=95}}

European children's films from the 1970s and 1980s include: the [[German film|German]] film directed by [[Wim Wenders]], ''[[Alice in the Cities|Alice in den Städten]]'' (1974); the Spanish film ''[[The Spirit of the Beehive]]'' (1973); ''[[Fanny & Alexander]]'' directed by [[Ingmar Bergman]]; the Danish film ''[[Pelle the Conqueror]]'' (1988); ''[[The NeverEnding Story (film)|The NeverEnding Story]]'' (1984), directed by German director [[Wolfgang Petersen]];{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=101}} the [[Cinema of Denmark|Danish film]], ''[[Me and Mamma Mia]]'' (1989);{{sfn|Bazalgette|1995|pp=92–108}} and the [[Cinema of Hungary|Hungarian film]] ''[[Love, Mother]]'' (1987).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=98-99}} ''[[Autumn Sonata]]'' by Ingmar Bergman is also an important cinema in the genre of family films, although it deals with issues between parent and child which the child expresses after reaching adulthood. The 1990s include the important Russian films ''[[Burnt by the Sun]]'' (1994) and ''[[The Thief (1997 film)|The Thief]]'' (1997), both of which are set in post-revolutionary Russia of 1917.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=115}} In the 2000s, important European children's films include the [[Cinema of Finland|Finnish]] film ''[[Mother of Mine (film)|Mother of Mine]]'' (2005), the Italian short film ''Il supplente'' ("The Substitute") (2007), and the Polish animated film ''[[Peter and the Wolf (2006 film)|Peter and the Wolf]]'' (2006). In 2010s the Belgian, French language film, ''[[The Kid with a Bike]]'' (2011) stands as an important children's film.<ref name="Bradshaw">{{Cite web |date=2012-03-22 |title=The Kid with a Bike – review |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/mar/22/the-kid-with-a-bike-review |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>

===Britain===
In the 1960s, the UK made motion pictures dealing with children that are now regarded as classics.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=104–105}} These films include ''[[The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (film)|The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner]]'' (1962), ''[[Lord of the Flies]]'' (1963), ''[[Born Free]]'' (1966), ''[[To Sir, with Love]]'' (1967) (based on [[E. R. Braithwaite]]'s real experiences), and ''[[if....]]'' (1968).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=92–93}} The list also includes the film ''[[Kes (film)|Kes]]'' (1969). Some children's motion pictures belong to the category of [[avant-garde]] films because of the unconventional and often controversial treatment of the subject.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=190–191}} According to film scholars; an important example of an avant-garde children's film is the British film ''[[Pink Floyd – The Wall|Pink Floyd The Wall]]'' (1982).<ref name="Giannetti">Giannetti Louis (1987) ''Understanding Movies.'' 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 332–339</ref>{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=168–169,191}} ''Pink Floyd The Wall'' is an unconventional and controversial motion picture that has a haunting and powerful nightmarish depiction of alienated childhood, [[boarding school]] separation, [[maternal deprivation]], [[separation anxiety disorder|separation anxiety]], war, and [[Consumerism|consumerist greed]] that affects a child and further affects his relationships and experiences in adulthood. It shows the child with non traditional images and the social changes that has occurred with family.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=168–169,191}} In ''Pink Floyd The Wall'' the representation of child and family "stresses confrontation, confusion, dysfunctionality and history".{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=168–169,191}}

==Asia==
In the 1960s, important children's films from Japan include ''[[Bad Boys (1961 film)|Bad Boys]]'' (1960), based on the lives of children in a reform school for juvenile delinquents, and ''Boy'' (1969).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=94}} In the 1960s, important children's films from Asia include the motion picture ''[[Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne]]'' (1969) by [[Satyajit Ray]].{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|pp=55–122}} South India gave us the children's film ''[[Daisy (1988 film)|Daisy]]'' (1988), depicting children in a boarding school and their experience of separation and longing. Other children's films from this region also include ''[[Abhayam (1991 film)|Abhayam]]'' (1991), which is also known by the alternative title, ''Shelter'', by [[Sivan]]. It was awarded the Silver Elephant and Special International Jury & CIFEJ Jury Awards at the 7th International Children's Film Festival.<ref name="Sivan">{{cite web | title=Abhayam (Main Phir Aaunga) (Shelter) | publisher=[[Children's Film Society, India]] | url=http://cfsindia.org/abhayam-main-phir-aaunga-shelter/}}</ref> India also has a neo-realist children's film about street children in Mumbai, ''[[Salaam Bombay]]'' (1988) by [[Mira Nair]]. It depicts the cruel way in which adults treat children in India by showing the hard life of street children in [[Mumbai]] (also called as Bombay).{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=108}} Important children's films from India also include the [[Bollywood]] films ''[[Masoom (1983 film)|Masoom]]'' (1983) and ''[[Mr. India (1987 film)|Mr. India]]'' (1987); both directed by [[Shekhar Kapoor]]. Other important children's films include the reproduction of the German Fairy tales of the Grimm brothers by the [[Israeli film]] companies [[Golan Globus]] and Cannon Films in their series called ''[[Cannon Movie Tales]]'', which includes: ''[[The Frog Prince (1986 film)|The Frog Prince]]'' (1986), starring [[Aileen Quinn]], [[Helen Hunt]], and [[John Paragon]]; ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1987 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' (1987), starring [[John Savage (actor)|John Savage]]; and ''[[Puss in Boots (1988 film)|Puss in Boots]]'' (1988), starring [[Christopher Walken]]. From Japan, Miyazaki's ''[[Spirited Away]]'' was voted as the number one film that must be seen by 14 years of age. That list also included the Maori motion picture [[Whale Rider|''Whale Rider'']] (2002). Another important children's film is ''[[Son of Maryam]]'' (1998), directed by [[Hamid Jebeli]] and set in [[Azerbaijan]]. It deals with the relationship between a [[Muslims|Muslim]] boy and an [[Armenians|Armenian]] priest.{{sfn|Wojcik-Andrews|2000|p=108}}

==Other world regions==
Important children's films from [[Africa]] include ''[[Tsotsi]]'' (2006).<ref name="Bradshaw2">{{cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |title=Tsotsi |newspaper=The Guardian |date=March 16, 2006 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2006/mar/17/2 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Another collection of family films is the anthology of 20 Canadian and European motion picture productions titled ''[[Tales for All]]''. This includes the Canadian children's film ''[[Bach and Broccoli]] (Bach et Bottine)'' (1986) and the [[Argentine]] film ''[[Summer of the Colt]]'' (1990), directed by [[André Mélancon]].<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |title=Summer of the Colt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/129298/Summer-of-the-Colt/overview|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032249/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/129298/Summer-of-the-Colt/overview|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-05-02|department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2014 |author=Alice Duncan }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of children's films]]
* [[Children's BBC]]
* [[Children's literature]]
* [[Children's music]]
* [[Children's television series]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book | last=Bazalgette | first=Cary | chapter=Unshrinking the kids: Children's Cinema and the Family Film | title=In front of the children: screen entertainment and young audiences | year=1995 | publisher=British Film Institute | isbn=9780851704524 }}
*{{cite book | last=Brown | first=Noel | title=The Hollywood Family Film: A History, from Shirley Temple to Harry Potter | location=London | series=Cinema and Society | year=2012 | publisher=I.B. Tauris | isbn=978-1780762708 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/hollywoodfamilyf0000brow }}
*Brown, Noel (2017). ''The Children's Film: Genre, Nation and Narrative''. New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|0231182694}}.
*{{cite book | last1=Brown|first1=Noel| last2=Babington|first2=Bruce| title=Family Films in Global Cinema: The World Beyond Disney | location=London | series=Cinema and Society | year=2015 | publisher=I.B. Tauris | isbn=978-1784530082 }}
*{{cite book | last=Wojcik-Andrews | first=Ian | title=Children's films: history, ideology, pedagogy, theory | location=New York | series=Garland reference library of the humanities ; Children's literature and culture | year=2000 | publisher=Garland Pub | isbn=978-0815330745 }}

{{Film genres}}
{{Filmsbygenre}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Children's films| ]]
[[Category:Film genres]]

Children's film - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 10:07, 20 August 2023