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Chinali language - Revision history
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>Yobot at 11:18, 14 January 2021
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<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox language<br />
| name = Chinali<br />
| nativename = 饝殢饝毊饝殱饝殽饝殹饝毉饝殝饝毑 Chinalbhashe<br />
| states = [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
| region = Chandra and Chandrabhaga Valley<br />
| ethnicity = Chinali<br />
| speakers = 1000<br />
| date = 2016 <br />
| ref = e18<br />
| familycolor = Indo-European<br />
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]<br />
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br />
| fam4 = (unclassified)<br />
| fam5 = [[Chinali鈥揕ahul languages|Chinali鈥揕ahul]]<br />
| iso3 = cih<br />
| glotto = chin1475<br />
| glottorefname = Chinali<br />
}}<br />
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}<br />
{{wtc|Chinali language}}<br />
<br />
'''Chinali''' (natively called Chinalbhashe, [[Takri script|Takri]]: 饝殢饝毊饝殱饝殽饝毌 or 饝殢饝毊饝殱饝殽饝殹饝毉饝殝饝毑) is an unclassified language of India. Many speakers are well educated,.<ref name="e18" /> Speakers are distributed throughout Lahul (or [[Lahaul]]) Valley.<ref name="International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Vol. 1">"Indo-Aryan Languages", "International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Vol. 1" edited by W. J. Frawley.</ref><br />
<br />
It is spoken by around 750+ people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cih|title=Chinali|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2017-11-03}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Scripts ==<br />
The language has been strictly oral. Devanagari script is used for modern times. [[Takri script|Takri]] script is speculated to be a native script.<br />
<br />
== Phonology ==<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+'''Consonants'''<ref name="phon">A Descriptive Grammar & Vocabulary of Chinali, Dr. D.D. Sharma</ref><br />
! colspan="2" |&nbsp;<br />
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]<br />
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]<br />
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]<br />
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]<br />
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
|{{IPA|m}}<br />
|{{IPA|n}}<br />
|{{IPA|刹}}<br />
|{{IPA|沙}}<br />
|{{IPA|艐}}<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="4" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]<br />
!<small>voiceless</small><br />
|{{IPA|p}}<br />
|{{IPA|t酞}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA|蕡}}<br />
|{{IPA|k}}<br />
|-<br />
!<small>aspirated</small><br />
|{{IPA|p拾}}<br />
|{{IPA|t酞拾}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA|蕡拾}}<br />
|{{IPA|k拾}}<br />
|-<br />
!<small>voiced</small><br />
|{{IPA|b}}<br />
|{{IPA|d酞}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA|蓶}}<br />
|{{IPA|伞}}<br />
|-<br />
!<small>breathy</small><br />
|{{IPA|b时}}<br />
|{{IPA|d酞时}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA|蓶时}}<br />
|{{IPA|伞时}}<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="4" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]<br />
!voiceless<br />
|<br />
|t汀s<br />
|t汀蕛<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!aspirated<br />
|<br />
|t汀s拾<br />
|t汀蕛拾<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!voiced<br />
|<br />
|d汀z<br />
|d汀蕭<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
!breathy<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|d汀蕭时<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Semivowel|Semi vowels]]<br />
|{{IPA|w}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative|Spirants]]<br />
!unvoiced<br />
|<br />
|s<br />
|蕛<br />
|蕚<br />
|x<br />
|-<br />
!voiced<br />
|{{IPA|z}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA|搔}}<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Vibrant consonant|Vibrant]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|r<br />
|山<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|l<br />
|森<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+'''Vowels'''<ref name="phon" /><br />
!<br />
!Front<br />
!Central<br />
!Back<br />
|-<br />
!Near-close/high<br />
|{{IPA|墨}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA|奴}}<br />
|-<br />
!mid higher<br />
|{{IPA|蓻 蓻藧}}<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA|蓴}}<br />
|-<br />
!Near-open<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA|蓯 蓯藧 蓯虄藧}}<br />
|{{IPA|a a藧}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.sppel.org/chinalidoc.aspx The Chinali language documentation project at SPPEL]<br />
<br />
{{Indo-Aryan languages|state=collapsed}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Unclassified Indo-Aryan languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Himachal Pradesh]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]</div>
>Yobot