Merajul Islam at 14:41, 10 January 2022

2022-01-10T14:41:12Z

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{{Short description|Second-largest city in Bangladesh}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Copy edit|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Bangladeshi English|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chittagong 
| official_name = Chattogram
| native_name_lang =
| native_name = চট্টগ্রাম
| other_name = চাটগাঁও, চিটাগং
| nickname = Queen of the East<ref>{{cite news |title=Protect the Queen of the East |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/letters/protect-the-queen-the-east-1430626 |access-date=3 September 2021 |work=The Daily Star |date=10 July 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
| total_type =
| motto =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| position = center
| photo1a = Top View of Agrabad Area 02.jpg{{!}}Chittagong Skyline
| photo3a = Sunset at Patenga beach.jpg{{!}}Patenga
| photo3b = Ethnological Museum of Chittagong..JPG{{!}}Ethnological Museum of Chittagong
| photo4a = Karnaphuli River at night (02).jpg{{!}}Port of Chittagong & Karnaphuli River
| spacing = 1
| color_border = white
| color = white
| size = 260
| foot_montage = {{nobreak|From top: Chittagong Skyline}},<br />[[Chittagong from sky]], [[Shah Amanat Bridge]],<br />[[Patenga|Patenga sea beach]],<br />[[Ethnological Museum of Chittagong]], [[Port of Chittagong]] & [[Karnaphuli River]]
}}
| image_flag =
| flag_size =
| image_seal =
| seal_size =
| image_shield =
| shield_size =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Bangladesh Chittagong division#Bangladesh#Asia
| pushpin_label_position = centre
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Chittagong in Bangladesh
| pushpin_mapsize = 260
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Country|Bangladesh}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Chittagong Division]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chittagong District]]
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = {{nowrap|[[Chattogram City Corporation]]}}
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = [[Rezaul Karim Chowdhury]]
| leader_title1 = Police Commissioner
| leader_name1 = Saleh Mohammed Tanvir, ppm
| established_title = Establishment
| established_date = 1340
| established_title2 = Granted city status
| established_date2 = 1863<ref name="ccc history">{{cite web |url=http://www.ccc.org.bd/history |title=History of Chittagong City Corporation |publisher=[[Chittagong City Corporation]] |access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref>
| established_title3 = 
| established_date3 =
| unit_pref = 
| area_footnotes = <ref name="bbspaurashava">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf |title=Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava –2001 |publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics |access-date=2009-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610054152/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf |archive-date=2007-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 168.07
| area_land_km2 = 
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = 2054.90
| area_metro_km2 = 2510
| area_metro_sq_mi = 980.2
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total = 8,440,000<ref name="bangladeshpop1">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/ebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf |title=Population & Housing Census-2011: Union Statistics |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |page=39 |access-date=15 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208044832/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf |archive-date=8 December 2015 |df=dmy}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 19800
| population_metro = 9,453,496
| population_urban = 6,025,985
| population_density_urban_km2 = 19800
| population_demonym = Chittagonian
| population_blank1_title = Population growth rate
| population_blank1 = 2.8%
| timezone = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
| utc_offset = +6
| coordinates = {{coord|22|20|06|N|91|49|57|E|region:BD-B_city(8,400,000)|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m = 29
| elevation_ft = 95
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Bangladesh|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 4000, 4100, 42xx
| area_code =
| blank_name = [[Telephone numbers in Bangladesh|Calling code]]
| blank_info = +880 31
| blank2_name = [[Gross domestic product|Metro GDP/PPP (2020)]]
| blank2_info = {{increase}} $116 billion<ref name="CTGC">{{cite web |url=http://www.chittagongchamber.com/elc.php |title=Economics Landscape of Chittagong |publisher=Chittagong Chamber |website=chittagongchamber.com |access-date=16 October 2019}}</ref>
| blank1_name = Police
| blank1_info = [[Chittagong Metropolitan Police]]
| blank3_name = International airport
| blank3_info = [[Shah Amanat International Airport|Shah Amanat International]]
| blank4_name =
| blank4_info =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2019)
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.654<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/BGD/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2021-07-11}}</ref><br/>{{color|#FFAA1D|medium}}
| website = [http://www.ccc.gov.bd/ Chittagong City Corporation]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Chittagong''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ʃ|ɪ|t|_|ə|ˌ|g|ɒ|ŋ}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Definition of Chittagong {{!}} Dictionary.com|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/chittagong|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.dictionary.com|language=en}}</ref> {{respell|chit|uh|gong}};<ref name=":1" /> {{lang-bn|চাটগাঁও|Cāṭgāon}}), [[List of renamed places in Bangladesh|officially]] '''Chattogram''' ({{lang-bn|চট্টগ্রাম}}),<ref>{{cite news |author=Mahadi Al Hasnat |date=2 April 2018 |title=Mixed reactions as govt changes English spellings of 5 district names |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2018/04/02/english-spellings-chittagong-comilla-barisal-jessore-bogra-changed/ |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> is a major coastal city and [[financial centre]] in southeastern [[Bangladesh]]. The city had a population of more than 8.7 million<ref>population.city/bangladesh/chittagong/</ref> in 2017, making it the [[List of cities in Bangladesh|second-largest city]] in the country. It is the capital and administrative seat of an eponymous [[Chittagong District|District]] and [[Chittagong Division|Division]]. The city is located on the banks of the [[Karnaphuli River]] between the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] and the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Modern Chittagong is Bangladesh's second most significant urban centre after [[Dhaka]].

Chittagong plays a vital role in the [[Economy of Bangladesh|Bangladeshi economy]]. The [[Port of Chittagong]], one of the world's oldest ports,<ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&q=chittagong+ptolemy&pg=PA186 |title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places - Google Books |page=186 |date= 12 November 2012|isbn=9781136639791 |access-date=2017-07-24|last1=Ring |first1=Trudy |last2=Watson |first2=Noelle |last3=Schellinger |first3=Paul }}</ref> whose coast appeared on [[Ptolemy's world map]], is the principal maritime gateway to the country. The port is the busiest international seaport on the Bay of Bengal and the third busiest in [[South Asia]].<ref name="thedailystar.net">{{cite news |title=Pangaon container terminal to get a boost |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/business/pangaon-container-terminal-get-boost-196714 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=3 January 2016}}</ref> The [[Chittagong Stock Exchange]] is one of the country's two stock markets. Several Chittagong-based [[List of companies in Bangladesh|companies]] are among the largest industrial conglomerates and enterprises in Bangladesh. The port city is the largest base of the [[Bangladesh Navy]] and [[Bangladesh Coast Guard]]; while the [[Bangladesh Army]] and [[Bangladesh Air Force]] also maintains bases and contributes to the city's economy. Chittagong is the headquarters of the Eastern Zone of the [[Bangladesh Railway]], has historically been the headquarters of [[British India]]'s [[Assam Bengal Railway]] and [[East Pakistan]]'s [[Pakistan Eastern Railway]]. A [[Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard|ship breaking industry]] on the outskirts of the city supplies local steel.

Chittagong is an ancient seaport due to its [[natural harbor]]. It was noted as one of the largest [[Eastern world|Eastern]] ports by the Roman geographer [[Ptolemy]] in the 1st century. The harbor has been a gateway through southeastern [[Bengal]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]] for centuries. [[Arab people|Arab]] sailors and traders, who once explored the Bay of Bengal, set up a mercantile station in the harbor during the 9th century.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Arabs,_The |title = Arabs, the - Banglapedia}}</ref> During the 14th century, the port became a "[[Mint (facility)|mint]] town" of the [[Sultanate of Bengal]],with the status of an administrative centre.

During the 16th century, Portuguese historian [[João de Barros]] described Chittagong as "the most famous and wealthy city of the [[Bengal Sultanate|Kingdom of Bengal]]".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chittagong |title = Chittagong | Bangladesh}}</ref> [[Portuguese Chittagong]] was the first European colonial settlement in Bengal. A naval battle in 1666 between the [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Arakan]] resulted in the expulsion of Portuguese pirates. [[British Empire|British colonisation]] began in 1760 when the [[Nawab of Bengal]] ceded Chittagong to the [[East India Company]]. During [[World War II]], Chittagong was a base for [[Allies of World War II|Allied Forces]] engaged in the [[Burma Campaign]]. The port city began to expand and industrialise during the 1940s, particularly after the [[Partition of British India]]. During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971, Chittagong was the site of the country's [[Bangladeshi declaration of independence|declaration of independence]]. Major [[Ziaur Rahman]] declared the independence of Bangladesh on behalf of Bangabandhu [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] from the Kalurghat radio station.

Chittagong has a high degree of religious and ethnic diversity among Bangladeshi cities, despite having an overwhelming [[Bengali Muslim]] majority. Minorities include [[Bengali Hindus]], Bengali Christians, [[Bengali Buddhists]], Chakmas, Marmas, the Tripuras, Saontals, Garos, Bohmong and others.

Chittagong - Revision history

Merajul Islam at 14:41, 10 January 2022