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{{Short description|Hundred Year War between the Chalukya and Chola Empires}}
{{Context|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}

The '''Chola-chalukya Wars''' were a series of battles that were fought from 992 CE to 1120 CE between the [[Chola Dynasty|Chola Empire]] and the [[Western Chalukya Empire]] in what is now [[South India]]. Conflicts eventually exhausted as both empires, straining their manpower and material, were left vulnerable to other enemies. More than 1,000,000 people were killed due to direct or indirect consequences of the war.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anirudh Kannisetti |url=http://archive.org/details/anirudh-kanisetti-lords-of-the-deccan-southern-india-from-the-chalukyas |title=Lords Of The Deccan Southern India From The Chalukyas |date=2022}}{{dead link|date=March 2026}}</ref>

== Campaigns ==
The battles were fought on two fronts: the Western Front in which the capture of [[Manyakheta]] and [[BasavaKalyan|Kalyani]] were the objectives of the Cholas, and the Eastern Front which centered around [[Vengi]] which was strategic for both sides. The west saw the heaviest fighting with [[Rajendra Chola I]] leading an army of 900,000 and defeating [[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]] at the [[Battle of Maski (1019 CE – 1020 CE]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Indian Inscriptions- Tanjavur (Tanjore) |url=https://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/tanjavur_temple/no.20_south_wall_1st_2nd_tiers.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.whatisindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/historicalinscri035270mbp |title=Historical Inscriptions Of Southern India |location=Kitabistam, Allahabad |publisher=BRAOU, Digital Library Of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sastri |first=K. A. Nilakanta |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.16035 |title=History of South India |date=1958 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/CholasI |title=The Cōḷas |first=K. A. Nilakanta |last=Sastri |date=1935 |publisher=University of Madras |volume=1, to the accession of Kulōttunga I}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Yazdani G. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.505941 |title=The Early History Of The Deccan Pat I-vi (1960) |date=1960}}</ref> On the Eastern Front, Rajendra Chola led [[Rajaraja Chola I]]'s army in Vengi and expelled the rulers in battle. Vengi was later the site of the coronation of Rajendra Chola's nephew following his victories in the [[Chola expedition to North India]]. [[Rajendra II]] was killed in the battle at the city of Kakkargond on the banks of Thungabhadra by [[Someshvara I]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bmshri.karnatakathrough0000unse/mode/1up |title= Karnataka Through The Ages (From Pre Historic Times To The Day Of Independence) |publisher= Literary And Cultural Development Department, Government of Mysore |date=1968 |language=en |page=276}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=F.W. |last=Thomas |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108417/page/n413/mode/1up?q=Belvola |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.XV |publisher=The Director General, Archaeological Survey of India |date=1920 |language=en |page=338}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=John Faithful |last=Fleet |url=https://archive.org/details/dynastieskanare00fleegoog/page/n60/mode/1up?q=Kakkaragond|title=The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts of the Bombay Presidency |publisher=Government Central Press |date=1882 |language=en |page=46}}</ref> [[Someshwara I|Ahavamalla Someshwara I]] suffered defeats many a time at the hands of [[Rajadhiraja Chola]], and lost his brother Jayasimha III in battle with Rajendra Chola II.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mysore Gazetteer |volume=2, Part 2 |first=Benjamin Lewis |last=Rice |publisher=Government Press |date=1930 |location=Karnataka, India |page=1075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Yazdani G. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.505941 |title=The Early History Of The Deccan Pat I-vi (1960) |date=1960}}</ref>

After Rajadhiraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola II, their brother Virarajendra Chola defeated Ahavamalla Someshwara I on not less than five occasions. Virarajendra Chola also put to flight the latter's two sons, [[Vikramaditya VI]] and Jayasimha, multiple times in the battles of [[Kudalasangama|Kudala sangama]]. [[Virarajendra Chola]] also defeated the eldest son of Ahavamalla Someshwara I, and crown-prince [[Someshvara II|Someshwara II]] in the [[Battle of Kampili]], and spoiled his coronation ceremony.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Tamil Civilization: Quarterly Research |journal=Journal of the Tamil University |volume=3 |publisher=Tamil University |date=1985 |location=India |page=134}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=P. V. Jagadisa |last=Ayyar |title=South Indian Shrines: Illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYJptwEACAAJ |date=1982 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0151-2 |page=471}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=History of Ancient India |first=Sakkottai Krishnaswami |last=Aiyangar |publisher=Seema Publications |date=1980 |location=India |page=126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chola Chalukya War Documentry (Chola Victories) {{!}} PDF |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/906227067/Chola-Chalukya-War |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Karikala Chola |url=http://archive.org/details/chola-chalukya-wars |title=Chola– Chalukya Wars |date=2025-09-26}}</ref>

The Western Chalukyas mounted several unsuccessful attempts to engage the Chola emperors in war, and except for a brief occupation of the [[Vengi]] territories between 1118 and 1126, allied with Prince [[Vikramaditya VI]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India |first=Sakkottai Krishnaswami |last=Aiyangar |page=233}}</ref> After Vikramaditya's death in 1126, the [[Cholas]] began a slow process of encroachment over Vengi. By 1133 [[Vikrama Chola]] defeated [[Someshvara III]] in the [[Battle of Godavari]] with the help of Gonga II. Then Vikrama Chola Able to capture [[Vengi]] and recover Kolar and some other parts of Gangavadi from [[Someshvara III]].<ref name="soma">{{cite book |last=Sastri |first=K. A. Nilakanta |author-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |date=2002 |orig-year=1955 |title=A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar |publisher=Indian Branch, Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-0-19-560686-7|title-link=A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar |pages=175–176}}</ref><ref name="inscribe">{{cite book |last=Kamath |first=Suryanath U. |orig-year=1980 |date=2001 |title=A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present |publisher=Jupiter books |location=Bangalore |oclc=7796041 |lccn=80905179 |author-link=Suryanath U. Kamath |url=https://archive.org/details/a-concise-history-of-karnataka-from-pre-historic-times-to-the-present |page=105}}</ref><ref name="vengi">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra Nath |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |date=1999 |publisher= New Age Publishers |isbn=81-224-1198-3 |pages=386–387}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chola Chalukya War Documentry (Chola Victories) {{!}} PDF |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/906227067/Chola-Chalukya-War |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Karikala Chola |url=http://archive.org/details/chola-chalukya-wars |title=Chola– Chalukya Wars |date=2025-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=K. A. Nilakanta |last=Sastri |title=The Cōḷas |volume=2, Part 1 |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/312542319/The-Colas-Vol-2-Part-1-by-Nilakanta-Sastri |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Yazdani |first=G. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.505941 |title=The Early History Of The Deccan Parts I-VI (1960) |date=1960}}</ref>

==List of decisive battles in the Chalukya–Chola Wars==

*[[Battle of Donur|Battle of Donur (1007 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Tavareyaghatta|Battle of Tavareyaghatta (1007 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Chebrolu|Battle of Chebrolu (1008 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Maski|Battle of Maski (1019 – 1020 CE)]]
*[[Battle of the Godavari river|Battle of the Godavari 1028 AD]]
*[[Battle of Dannada|Battle of Dannada (1042 - 1044 CE) ]]
*[[Battle of Pundur|Battle of Pundur (1046 CE) ]]
*[[Battle of Kampili|Battle of Kampili (1044 - 1046 CE) ]]
*[[Battle of Koppam|Battle of Koppam (1054 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Mudakkaru|Battle of Mudakkaru (1060 CE)]]
*[[First Battle of Kudal-Sangamam|First Battle of Kudal-Sangamam (1062 CE)]]
*[[ Second Battle of Kudal -Sangamam|Second Battle of Kudal-Sangamam (1067 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Vijayawada|Battle of Vijayawada (1068 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Kampili|Battle of Kampili (1068 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Nangili|Battle of Nangili (1076 CE)]]
*[[Battle of Godavari|Battle of Godavari (1133 CE)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*"Tennaattu Porkalangal" by Ka.
*https://www.scribd.com/document/906227067/Chola-Chalukya-War-Documentry-Chola-Victories
*https://archive.org/details/chola-chalukya-wars
*"VeeraSozhiyam"
*"Kalingattu Parani" by Jayankondaar

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061104095148/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm] our Karnataka
*{{cite book
| last = Aiyangar
| first = S. Krishnasvami
| title = Ancient India and South Indian History and Culture
| publisher = Oriental Book Agency
| date = 1941
| volume = 1
| pages = 619
| location = Poona
| url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69991/page/n619/mode/1up
| accessdate = 13 July 2025
}}

* {{cite book
| last = Gopal
| first = B. R.
| title = The Chalukyas of Kalyana and the Kalachuris
| publisher = Karnataka University (Prasārānga)
| location = Dharwad
| date = c. 1981
| pages = 90
| url = https://archive.org/details/sgw.chalukyasofkalya0000brgo/page/90/mode/1up
| accessdate = 13 July 2025
}}

*[[Chalukya]] wiki-Chalukya

*"[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]" of Merutunga
*Vijnanesvara's " Mitakshara"
*Kirthi Verma's "Govaidya "
*"Ajitapurana and Sahasabhimavijaya" of Ranna
*Bilhana's "Vikramankadeva Charitha"

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chalukya-Chola wars}}
[[Category:Wars involving the Western Chalukya Empire]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Chola Empire]]
[[Category:Chalukya–Chola wars]]

Chola Chalukya Wars - Revision history

Igortxa at 10:12, 29 April 2026