CleanupBot II at 20:46, 13 August 2023

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{{Redirect|Chowra|the language|Chowra language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Chowra
| native_name = Sőnenyő / Sanenyo / Sanenya
| native_name_link = Chaura language
| native_name_lang =
| sobriquet =
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| map = India Andaman and Nicobar Islands
| map_caption = Location of Chowra Island in [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|8.455|N|93.045|E|region:IN-AN_type:isle_dim:50000_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}
| etymology =
| location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| archipelago = [[Nicobar Islands]]
| waterbody = [[Indian Ocean]]
| total_islands = 1
| major_islands = {{hlist|Chowra}}
| area_km2 = 5.85
| area_footnotes = <ref name="cit">{{cite web|url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|title=Islandwise Area and Population - 2011 Census|publisher=Government of Andaman|access-date=3 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| rank =
| length_km = 2.3
| width_km = 3.3
| coastline_km = 10
| elevation_m = 104.5
| highest_mount =
| country = {{flag|India}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[List of districts in India#Andaman and Nicobar (AN)|District]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[Nicobar district|Nicobar]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = [[Island group]]
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Nicobar Islands]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = [[Subdivisions of India]]
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Nancowry Subdivision]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_3 = [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]]
| country_admin_divisions_3 =
| country_largest_city = Southern Agency
| country_largest_city_population = 750
| population = 1270
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_rank =
| population_rank_max =
| density_km2 = 217
| density_rank =
| density_footnotes =
| ethnic_groups = [[Nicobarese people]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 744301
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03192
| website = {{URL|http://www.and.nic.in/}}
| iso_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|ISO code]]
| iso_code = IN-AN-00<ref>Registration Plate Numbers added to ISO Code</ref>
|additional_info = {{Infobox|child=yes
| label2 = Literacy | data2 = 84.4%
| label3 = Avg. summer temperature| data3 ={{convert|32.0|°C|°F}}
| label4 = Avg. winter temperature| data4 ={{convert|28.0|°C|°F}}
| label5 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]| data5 =[[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| label7 = Census Code| data7 = 35.638.0002
| label8 = Official Languages| data8 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[English language|English]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] <br /> [[Chaura language|Chaura]] (regional)
}}
}}

'''Chowra''' is an island in the [[Andaman and Nicobar]] islands group of [[India]]. It is located to the north of [[Teressa (Nicobar Islands)|Teressa]] island and to the south of [[Battimalv Island]] in the [[Indian Ocean]]. It is also known as Choura, Tatat or Sanenyo.<ref>{{cite book |author=G. K. Ghosh |title=Tourism Perspective in Andaman and Nicobar Islands |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s2f3FvQvcpUC&pg=PA26 |year=1998 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-978-8 |page=26 }}</ref>

==History==
The island suffered severe damage during the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]].<ref>''[http://www.ganino.com/games/Science/2006/Science.Magazine.5783.2006-07-07.pdf After the Tsunami: A Scientist's Dilemma]'' by Simron Singh. Science 7 July 2006: Vol. 313 no. 5783 pp. 32-35. DOI: 10.1126/science.313.5783.32</ref>

== Geography ==

The island is generally flat but has a 104.5 m high rocky upland at its southern end. [[Coral reef]]s extend about 1.5 miles from the northwestern side of the island.<ref>{{cite enroute|173|2017|290}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

The island has three villages, belonging to 5 clans.
[[Tahaila]] Beach is located on the east coast, where the jetty is.
Northern Agency and Southern Agency are in the middle of the island, and consist of former inhabitants of: [[Alhiat]], [[Chongkamong]], [[Kuitasuk]], [[Raihion]] and [[Tahaila]]. According to 2011 census, 1270 people lived in the three villages on the island:<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20&%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |title=District Census Handbook - Andaman & Nicobar Islands |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andaman & Nicobar Islands |accessdate=2015-07-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801173328/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3500_PART_B_DCHB_ANDAMAN%20%26%20NICOBAR%20ISLANDS.pdf |archivedate=2015-08-01 }}</ref>
* Tahaila Beach: 10
* Northern Agency: 517
** Tahaila: 372
** Chongkamong: 145
* Southern Agency: 743
** Alhiat: 190
** Kuitasuk: 277
** Raihion: 276

==Administration==
The island belongs to the [[Subdivisions of India|township]] of [[Nancowry Subdivision|Nancowry]] of [[Teressa (Nicobar Islands)|Teressa]] [[Tehsils of India|Taluk]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |title=Tehsils |access-date=3 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015509/http://andssw1.and.nic.in/ecostat/basicstatPDF2013_14/1.Demogrpahy.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Culture ==

Chowra island has five clans. Each year, one of the clans organizes a 3-week festival ''Panuohonot'' ("pig festival") according to the rotation system. The preparation for the festival lasts several months, and members of the other clans offer some help with the organization. The festival is celebrated in memory of the ancestors, at the onset of north-east winds.<ref name="Geeti_2001">{{cite book |author=Geeti Sen |title=The Human Landscape |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-RsRcrOU9kC&pg=PA131 |year=2001 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-2045-5 }}</ref>{{rp|131}} The festival features singing and dancing, with a canoe race at the end. At the onset of the south-west winds, ''Kancheuollo'' ("chicken festival") is celebrated.<ref name="Geeti_2001"/>{{rp|4}}

The unpredictable climate of the Bay of Bengal, and the importance of seafaring to the local economy, made accurate predicition of weather vital to Chowra's society. Traditionally, the people of Chowra did not rely on written calendars, instead appointing experts on weather conditions and seasonal change called ''tamol sahiöh'', who was consulted before any significant seagoing activities and decided on the date of every seasonal festival year-on-year. This system of orally-transmitted knowledge, based on long observation of the relation between phases of the moon, the state of the sea, and the weather, allowed for accurate day-to-day weather forecasts; the forecasts of the Chowraites were well known for this.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Kumar|first=Hans|last2=Varadarajan|first2=Lotika|date=2001|title=Ap, the Canoe of Chowra Island|url=https://journals.openedition.org/tc/280?lang=en|journal=Traversées|pages=85–102|via=OpenEdition Journals}}</ref>

=== Canoes ===
The ''ap'', the Chowraite canoe, has an integral place in the island's culture. Chowraite canoes were known to be of an especially high quality, and the ''ap'' was treated as a living force; ritual canoe burials have taken place within living memory. A man who wished to build a canoe would first travel to one of the nearby islands with wood of high quality, such as Teressa, Katchal and Nancowry, where he would perform manual labour in exchange for permission to fell and use a tree of his choice. The master craftsman would select an ideal tree, and fell it with the help of 3 to 4 men, who would crudely carve it out where it was felled. Two coconuts would then be scooped out and filled with a mixture of grated coconut and chicken blood; one would be placed in the stump of the felled tree, and the other in the canoe. The coconut in the stump was thought to distract the spirit of the tree, and thus prevent it from noticing the canoe being taken away.

The roughly shaped canoe would then be moved carefully, by 20-30 men, to the shore, where it would be fully carved out and made watertight. Three masts and sails would be added, and the hull would be widened using heat. When the canoe was sea-worthy, it would be sailed to Chowra at dawn or in the early morning, and there dissasembled. Some days later the team that had built it would complete the vessel by fine-tuning and re-assembling it; from this point the canoe is considered a living being, part of the Chowraite community.<ref name=":0" />

==Image gallery==
<gallery widths=180>
File:Map of Nicobar Islands-en.png|Map
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

*{{Wikivoyage-inline|Andaman and Nicobar Islands}}
{{Nicobar district |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowra Island}}
[[Category:Tehsils of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Teressa Taluk]]
[[Category:Islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Nicobar district]]
[[Category:Nicobar district]]
[[Category:Nicobar Islands]]

Chowra Island - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 20:46, 13 August 2023