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2021-07-03T09:16:23Z

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[[File:Yercaud Church.jpg|thumb|Church at Yercaud]]
[[File:Arappally02.jpg|thumb|right|[[Thiruvithamcode Arappally]] under [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] is believed to be built by [[Thomas the Apostle]] ]]
[[File:Santhome Basilica.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[San Thome Basilica]], Chennai is built over the site where [[Thomas the Apostle|St.Thomas]] is believed to be originally interred]]
[[File:St. lourdes church.jpg|thumb|[[Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Tiruchirappalli|Our lady of Lourdes Latin Catholic Church]] in [[Tiruchirappalli]]]]

'''Christianity''' in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] is the second largest religion in the state. According to tradition, [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas]], one of the [[twelve apostles]], landed in [[Malabar Coast]] (modern day [[Kerala]]) in 52 CE.{{cn|date=May 2021}} In the colonial age many Portuguese, Dutch, British and Italian Christians came to Tamil Nadu. Priests accompanied them not only to minister the colonisers but also to spread the Christian faith among the non-Christians in Tamil Nadu. Currently, Christians are a minority community comprising 6% of the total population.<ref name="census2001.tn.nic.in">{{cite web |url=http://census2001.tn.nic.in/religion.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-06-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305140514/http://census2001.tn.nic.in/religion.aspx |archive-date=2012-03-05 }}</ref> Christians are mainly concentrated in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu - [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]] (48.7% of the population, 2001<ref name="census2001.tn.nic.in"/>), [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]] (17%, 2001) and [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]] (11%, 2001).

The [[Roman Catholic Church]] ([[Latin Rite]]), the [[Church of South India]], [[The Salvation Army]] Church,the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]], the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]], the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]], the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]], the Evangelical Church of India, the Pentecosts, the Apostolics, and other evangelical denominations constitute the Christian population in Tamil Nadu. '''The [[Latin Rite]] of Roman Catholic Church is the oldest and the largest among all. With 15 dioceses including the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore]] and the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai]], the Latin Rite has a homogeneous presence throughout the state.''' The second-largest church by the number of members is the [[Church of South India]] with 8 dioceses in Tamil Nadu. They are [[Anglican Diocese of Coimbatore|Coimbatore Diocese]], [[Diocese of Kanyakumari of the Church of South India|Kanyakumari Diocese]], [[Anglican Diocese of Madras|Madras Diocese]], [[Madurai-Ramnad Diocese of the Church of South India|Madurai-Ramnad Diocese]], [[Thoothukudi - Nazareth Diocese of the Church of South India|Thoothukudi – Nazareth Diocese]], [[Tirunelveli Diocese of the Church of South India|Tirunelveli Diocese]], [[Trichy-Tanjore Diocese of the Church of South India|Trichy-Tanjore Diocese]] and the [[Anglican Diocese of Vellore|Vellore Diocese]]. [[Church of South India Synod]], the highest administrative body of the [[Church of South India]], is in Chennai. The vast majority of Christians in Tamil Nadu are either members of the [[Latin Rite]] [[Roman Catholic Church]] or the [[Church of South India]]. [[The Pentecostal Mission]] (TPM) is headquartered in Chennai.

== Salvation Army in Tamil Nadu ==
[[The Salvation Army]] is an International Christian Church and charitable organisation. There are six territories in India; Eastern, Western, Northern, Central, South Eastern and South Western Territory. Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry come under the Central and South Eastern Territory. There are more than 1000 churches over Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. School, colleges, homes, shelters, and medical services are provided here. The Salvation Army does missionary, medical, educational, emergency disaster, and social services.

The Salvation Army operation commenced on 27 May 1892 as a result of the vision received by Major Deva Sundaram at "Medicine Hill" near Nagercoil in Kanyakumari District. He had been praying and fasting with three officers in South Tamil Nadu. As the Army experienced rapid growth in South India, the Territory was separated from Southern Territory on 1 October 1970. States included in the territory: Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry. 'The Salvation Army' in Tamil: Ratchaniya Senai in Malayalam: Raksha Sainyam. Languages in which the gospel is preached: English, Malayalam, Tamil. Periodicals: Chiruveeran (Tamil), Home League Quarterly, Poresatham (Tamil), The Officer (Tamil)

== Syro-Malabar Catholic Church ==
In 1996, the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church created its first `Diocese of Thuckalay` in Kanyakumari district, (which was under the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Changanassery]] in Kerala till then), of Tamil Nadu. The same year the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church has also newly established the `Diocese of Marthandam` (bifurcated from its Archdiocese of Trivandrum) in [[Kanyakumari district]]. The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church established its first diocese [[Madras Orthodox Diocese|Chennai Diocese]] in the year 1979. [[St. Thomas Mount]] in Chennai, the place where [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas]], one of the disciples of [[Jesus Christ]], was believed to have been martyred, is an important pilgrimage site for Indian Christians. The [[Santhome Basilica]], supposedly built atop the tomb of St. Thomas, and the [[Vailankanni]] [[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]]—revered churches by India's [[Roman Catholics]]—are good examples of majestic church architectures in Tamil Nadu.

==Christianity In Kanyakumari District==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2019}}
One of the disciples of Jesus Christ, St.Thomas introduced Christianity in [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari.]] He built a [[St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode|church]] in [[Thiruvithamcode]] in 63 AD. In the first half of the 16th century, thousands of fishermen converted to Catholicism due to the efforts of [[Francis Xavier]]. In 18th century European missionaries including [[William Tobias Ringeltaube]] established Protestant churches and propagated Christianity in Kanyakumari.

Caste discrimination was so severe in some parts of the district, that many low castes were not allowed to enter temples and lower caste women were not allowed to cover their breasts. During its reign the [[Kingdom of Travancore]] enacted several laws which suppressed lower-caste people. [[Missionary|Missionaries]] fought for the rights of the suppressed people and pushed the [[Kingdom of Travancore]] to restore only some basic rights for the converted Christians. As a result, many suppressed people embraced [[Christianity]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rjisacjournal.com/agitation-for-upper-cloth-in-kanyakumari-district/|title=AGITATION FOR UPPER CLOTH IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT {{!}} rjisacjournal.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-12}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|+ Christians in Tamil Nadu
! Year !! Number !! Percentage
|-
| 2001<ref name="religion1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|title=Total population by religious communities|publisher=Censusindia.gov.in|access-date=20 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119031333/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm|archive-date=19 January 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| <center>3,785,060</center> || <center>6.06</center>
|-
| 2011<ref name="religion2">{{cite web|publisher=Census Department, Government of India|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html|title=Indian Census 2011|access-date=25 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|| <center>4,418,331</center> || <center>6.12</center>
|-
|}

===Districts with significant percentage of Christians as per 2001 census===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
<caption> '''Districts with significant percentage of Christians as per 2001 census'''</caption>
|-
! District
! Christian (%)
! Christian (numbers)
|-
| style="background:silver" | '''Tamil Nadu''' || style="background:silver" | '''6.02''' || style="background:silver" | '''3,785,060'''
|-
| [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
| 48.74
| 795,406
|-
| [[Thoothukudi district|Thoothukudi]]
| 16.70
| 262,718
|-
| [[The Nilgiris District|The Nilgiris]]
| 11.45
| 87,272
|-
| [[Tirunelveli district|Tirunelveli]]
| 10.88
| 296,578
|-
| [[Tiruchirappalli district|Tiruchirappalli]]
| 9.01
| 218,033
|-
| [[Chennai district|Chennai]]
| 7.62
| 331,261
|-
| [[Dindigul district|Dindigul]]
| 7.55
| 145,265
|-
| [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
| 7.08
| 84,092
|-
| [[Kanchipuram district|Kanchipuram]]
| 5.92
| 170,416
|-
| [[Sivaganga district|Sivaganga]]
| 5.86
| 67,739
|-
| [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]
| 5.63
| 124,945
|-
| [[Tiruvallur district|Tiruvallur]]
| 5.56
| 169,719
|-
| [[Ariyalur district|Ariyalur]]
| 5.21
| 36,261
|-
| [[Pudukkottai district|Pudukkottai]]
| 4.55
| 66,432
|-
| [[Coimbatore district|Coimbatore]]
| 4.34
| 185,737
|-
| [[Viluppuram district|Viluppuram]]
| 3.90
| 115,745
|-
| [[Virudhunagar district|Virudhunagar]]
| 3.89
| 68,295
|-
| [[Madurai district|Madurai]]
| 3.34
| 86,352
|-
| [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]]
| 3.22
| 73,611
|-
| [[Teni district|Teni]]
| 3.09
| 33,830
|-
| [[Nagapattinam district|Nagapattinam]]
| 3.07
| 45,780
|-
| [[Vellore district|Vellore]]
| 2.94
| 102,477
|-
| [[Tiruvarur district|Tiruvarur]]
| 2.70
| 31,621
|-
| [[Tiruvannamalai district|Tiruvannamalai]]
| 2.52
| 55,180
|-
| [[Erode district|Erode]]
| 2.14
| 55,414
|-
| [[Perambalur district|Perambalur]]
| 1.70
| 8,412
|-
| [[Salem district|Salem]]
| 1.67
| 50,450
|-
| [[Karur district|Karur]]
| 1.48
| 13,863
|-
| [[Dharmapuri district|Dharmapuri]]
| 1.36
| 39,019
|-
| [[Namakkal district|Namakkal]]
| 0.80
| 13,137
|}

== Important Basilicas ==
=== Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health ===
[[File:Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health in Velankanni, Tamil Nadu Entrance.jpg|left|thumb|Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health in Velankanni, Tamil Nadu Entrance]]
{{Main|Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health}}
[[File:Vailankanni Basilica1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]]]]
The Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health is located in the small town of [[Velankanni Town|Velankanni]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in Southern [[India]]. The [[Roman Catholic]] [[basilica]] is devoted to [[Our Lady of Good Health]]. Devotion to Our Lady of Good Health of Velankanni can be traced to the mid-16th century and is attributed to three [[miracle]]s at different sites around where the basilica currently stands: the [[Marian apparition|apparition]] of [[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Mary]] and the [[Christ]] Child to a slumbering [[shepherd]] boy, the curing of a lame [[buttermilk]] vendor, and the rescue of [[Portugal|Portuguese]] sailors from a violent sea storm.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.annaivailankanni.org/annaivailankanni/history.html |title=History of Velankanni |access-date=12 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027205901/http://www.annaivailankanni.org/annaivailankanni/history.html |archive-date=27 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Although all three apparitions ultimately resulted in the erection of a [[shrine]] to our Lady, it was the promise of the Portuguese sailors that was the proximate cause of a permanent edifice being built at Velankanni. The [[chapel]] was dedicated on the feast of the [[Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary]] (8 September), the day of their safe landing. More than 500 years later, the nine-day festival and celebration is still observed and draws nearly 5 million [[pilgrim]]s each year. The Shrine of Our Lady of Vailankanni, also known as the "[[Lourdes]] of the East,"<ref>[http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=53261 ''Hindus join in India's Marian pilgrimage '' on Catholic World News]</ref> is one of the most important Christian religious sites frequented by Christians in [[India]].

=== San Thome Basilica ===
{{Main|San Thome Basilica}}
[[File:SanThomeCathedralBasilica.jpg|thumb|right|[[San Thome Basilica]] at evening]]
San Thome Basilica is a [[Roman Catholic]] ([[Latin Rite]]) minor [[basilica]] and one of the 3 National Shrine in India located in [[Santhome]], [[Chennai]] city ([[Madras]]), [[India]]. It was built in the 1523 by [[Portugal|Portuguese]] explorers, and rebuilt again with the status of a [[cathedral]] by the [[United Kingdom|British]] in 1893. The British version still stands today. It was designed in [[Gothic revival|Neo-Gothic]] style, favoured by British [[architect]]s in the late 19th century. Christian tradition holds that St. Thomas arrived in Kerala in 52 A.D. preached between 52 A.D. and 72 A.D., when he was believed to be martyred on [[St. Thomas Mount]]. The basilica is built over the site where he was believed originally to be interred.

San Thome Basilica is the principal church of the [[Madras]]-[[Mylapore]] [[Catholic]] Archdiocese. In 1956, [[Pope Pius XII]] raised the church to the status of a Minor [[Basilica]], and on 11 February 2006, it was declared a national [[shrine]] by the [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]]. The San Thome Basilica is a [[pilgrimage]] centre for [[Christians]] in India. This church is a very important site in the world for Christians.The church also has an attached museum at back.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.santhomebasilica.com/basilica.html |title=Basilica of the National Shrine of St.Thomas |publisher=SanThomeChurch.com |access-date=20 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302134756/http://www.santhomebasilica.com/basilica.html |archive-date=2 March 2010 }}</ref>

=== Poondi Madha Basilica ===
{{Main|Poondi Madha Basilica}}
Our Lady of Lourdes Basilica, [[Poondi, Thiruvallur district|Poondi]], is a Catholic pilgrimage centre located in [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[South India]]. Poondi is a small village located in [[Thiruvaiyaru]] Taluk (also spelled as Taluka), about 35 km away from [[Thanjavur]]. It is considered as one of the Roman Catholic pilgrim centres similar to [[Velankanni]], which houses the famous Poondi Madha Shrine that attracts pilgrims from all over India.

==Popular Church of South India (CSI) churches in Tamil Nadu==
<gallery>
Image:palayamkottai.jpg|<center>[[Holy Trinity Cathedral, Palayamkottai|Holy Trinity Cathedral]] Palayamkottai, [[Tirunelveli Diocese]]</center>
Image:George'sCathedral.jpg|<center>[[St. George's Cathedral Chennai|St. George's Cathedral]], Chennai [[Anglican Diocese of Madras|Madras Diocese]]</center>
Image:St Mary's Church Chennai.jpg|<center>[[St. Mary's Church Chennai|St. Mary's Church]], Chennai Oldest [[Anglican]] church in India</center>
Image:Pragasapuram Church.jpg|<center>Holy Trinity C.S.I.Church in [[Pragasapuram]], [[Thoothukudi - Nazareth Diocese]]</center>
Image:St.johns.jpg|<center> St. John's C.S.I.Cathedral, [[Nazareth, Tamil Nadu|Nazareth]] [[Thoothukudi - Nazareth Diocese]]</center>
Image:St.Michael and all Angels Church.jpg|<center> St Michael and all Angels C.S.I. Church, [[Mudalur]] [[Thoothukudi - Nazareth Diocese]]</center>
Image:Adayal church (front view).jpg|<center>St. John's C.S.I. Church, [[w:Adayal Mudalur|Adayal Mudalur]]</center>
Image:MelaIlandaikulam CSI.jpeg|<center>[[Saint Paul Church, Mela Ilandaikulam|St. Paul Church]] in [[Mela Ilandaikulam]], [[Tirunelveli|Tirunelveli Diocese]]</center>
Image:St. John's Church, Vellore (2004).jpg|<center>[[St. John's Church, Vellore|St. John's Church]] in [[Vellore Fort]], [[Diocese of Vellore of the Church of South India|Vellore Diocese]]</center>
</gallery>

==Contributions to literature==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Thambiran Vanakkam 1578.JPG
| width1 = 140
| alt1 =
| caption1 = ''Thambiran Vanakkam'' first Tamil Christian book (1578)
| image2 = Tranqebar bible 1713.JPG
| width2 = 140
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Tamil New Testament (1713)
| footer =
}}
Christians of Tamil Nadu who have made concrete contributions to [[Tamil language]] and [[Tamil literature]] are
* [[Vedanayagam Sastriar]] (1774 -1864)
* [[Samuel Vedanayagam Pillai]] (1826–1889)
* [[Henry Alfred Krishnapillai]] (1827–1900)
* Dr.[[Abraham Pandithar]] (1859–1919)
* [[Xavier Thaninayagam]] (1913-1980)

Christians who had been born in [[Europe]], but were adopted to [[Tamil culture]] and made major contributions to Tamil language and literature are
* [[Roberto de Nobili]], also known as'' Thaththuva'' ''Bothagar''
* [[Constanzo Beschi]] / Constantine Joseph Beschi, also known as ''Veeramaa'' ''Munivar''
* [[Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg]]
* [[Robert Caldwell]]
* [[George Uglow Pope]]
* [[Fred Goodwill]]

=== Christian pilgrimages ===
* [[Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health]], [[Velankanni]]
* [[San Thome Basilica]], [[St. Thomas Mount]] [[Chennai]]
* [[Poondi Madha Basilica]]
* [[Our Lady of Snows Basilica]] Thoothukudi
* St. Antony's Church at [[Uvari]]
* St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral Church at [[Kottar]]
* [[Our Lady of Ransom Church, Kanyakumari|Our Lady of Ransom Church]], Kanyakumari.
* Church of Maria Bambina Kangeyam.
* [[Thiruvithamcode Arappally|St. Mary's Orthodox Church]], [[Thiruvithamcode]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/07/stories/2007120750830200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209130259/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/07/stories/2007120750830200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-12-09 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Thiruvithamcode church to be global pilgrim centre |date=2007-12-07 |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref>
* [[New Jerusalem Church, Tranquebar|New Jerusalem Church]], Tranquebar
* ST. JOHN DE BRITTO CHURCH, ORIYUR, SIVAGANGAI

== List of denominations ==
[[Apostolic Christian Church|Apostolic]] Christian Assembly<ref name="autogenerated368">World Christian Encyclopedia, Second edition, 2001 Volume 1, p. 368</ref>
* [[Apostolic Church (denomination)|Apostolic Church]]<ref name="autogenerated368"/>
* [[Assemblies of God]]<ref name="autogenerated368"/>
* [[Advent Christian Church]]
* [[Brethren Church]]
* [[Bible Believing Churches in India]]<ref name="autogenerated368"/>
* [[Bible Crusade Missionary Society]]<ref name="autogenerated368"/>
* [[Church of Christ (Non-Instrumental)]]<ref name="autogenerated369">World Christian Encyclopedia, Second edition, 2001 Volume 1, p. 369</ref>
*[[Church of South India|Church of South India (CSI)]]<ref name="https://www.csisynod.com">[https://www.csisynod.com Church of South India]</ref>
*[[Church of North India|Church of North India (CNI)]]<ref name="https://www.new.cnisynod.org">[https://www.new.cnisynod.org Church of North India]</ref>
* [[Dohnavur Fellowship]]<ref name="autogenerated369"/>
* [[Eternal Light Ministries]]<ref name="autogenerated369"/>
* [[Evangelical Christian Church of India]]<ref name="autogenerated369"/>
* [[Fort English Church by Rev.Dr.I.Ratnampaul(Tiruneveli)]]
* [[Good News Church (Ramanathapuram)]]
* [[India Gospel League]]<ref name="autogenerated370">World Christian Encyclopedia, Second edition, 2001 Volume 1, p. 370</ref>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604022403/http://www.inadiocese.org/ Indian National Apostolic Diocese]
* [[Indian Pentecostal Church (ipc)]]<ref name="autogenerated370"/>
* [[Madras Pentecostal Assembly Church]]<ref name="autogenerated370"/>
* [[Maranatha Full Gospel Churches]]<ref name="autogenerated370"/>
* Prince of Peace Church<ref name="autogenerated370"/>
* [[Tamil Baptist Churches]]<ref>World Christian Encyclopedia, Second edition, 2001 Volume 1, p. 371</ref>
* [[The Pentecostal Mission]]<ref name="autogenerated370"/>
* [[Good Shepherd mission church]]<ref name="autogenerated370"/>
* [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
* [[Rehobtoh Church]], [[Sankarankovil]]
* [[Madras Pentecostal Faith Church]], [[Mylapore]]
*[[Evangelical Church of India]]
* Church of Mahanaim Ministries
*[[The Salvation Army]] Church
*[Indian Pentecostal church (ipc)]

== List of Tamil Christians==
* [[Vijay (actor)]]
* [[Madhuri Devi]]
* [[S.J. Suryah]]
* [[John Vijay]]
* [[Harris Jayaraj]]
* [[D. Imman]]
* [[Vijay Antony]]
* [[Prameela]]
* [[Vikram (actor)]]
* [[Alexander Babu]]
* [[L. R. Eswari]]
* [[Chandrababu]]
* [[Vedanayagam Sastriar]]
* [[Samuel Vedanayagam Pillai]]
* [[Vincent Asokan]]
* [[Henry Alfred Krishnapillai]]
* Dr.[[Abraham Pandithar]]
* [[S.A. Ashokan]]
* [[Xavier Thaninayagam]]
* [[Arun Alexander]]
* [[Mahendran (filmmaker)|Mahendran]]
* [[Nelson Dilipkumar]]
* [[Livingston (actor)]]
* [[George Maryan]]

==Further reading==
* William Strickland, `THE JESUIT IN INDIA`, London/Dublin,1852. Reprint: Asian Educational Services, New Delhi,2001.({{ISBN|81-206-1566-2}}).

==See also==

* [[List of Indian Christians]]
* [[List of cathedrals in India]]
* [[List of Roman Catholic missionaries in India]]
* [[Christianity in Goa]]
* [[Christianity in West Bengal]]
* [[Christianity in Kerala]]
* [[Christianity in Maharashtra]]

{{Clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Christianity in India by region}}
{{Churches in India}}

[[Category:Christianity in Tamil Nadu| ]]

Christianity in Tamil Nadu - Revision history

>Rodw at 09:16, 3 July 2021