CleanupBot at 06:13, 24 July 2023

2023-07-24T06:13:54Z

New page

{{Short description|Indian dynasty}}
{{About|the dynasty which ruled Saurashtra peninsula of [[Gujarat]], India|clan name|Chudasama}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox country
|capital = [[Vanthali|Vamanasthali]]<br>[[Junagadh]]
|common_name = Chudasama dynasty
|government_type = Monarchy
| image_map = Saurashtra_region_within_Gujarat_India_relief_map.jpg
| map_width = 300
| image_map_caption = The Chudasama dynasty ruled part of the region of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]].
|year_start =c. 10th century
|year_end = 1472

|leader1 = [[Chudachandra]]
|leader2 = [[Graharipu]]
|leader3 = [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana]]
|leader4 = [[Khengara (12th century king)|Khengara]]
|leader5 = [[Mandalika I]]
|leader6 = [[Mandalika III]]

|year_leader1 = c. 9th century
|year_leader2 = c. 10th century
|year_leader3 = late 11th century
|year_leader4 = early 12th century
|year_leader5 = 1294 - 1306
|year_leader6 = 1451 - 1472

|native_name = Chudasama dynasty
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|p1=Chavda dynasty
|s2 = Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate
|flag_p1 =
|s1 = Vaghela dynasty
|flag_s1 =
|image_p1 =
|image_s1 =
}}
The '''Chudasama dynasty''' ruled parts of the present-day [[Saurashtra region]] of [[Gujarat]] state in India between the 9th and 15th centuries. Their capital was based in [[Junagadh]] and [[Vanthali|Vamanasthali]], and they were later classified among the [[Rajput]] clans.<ref>{{cite book|title= History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537|author= J Chaube|pages=16|year=1975|isbn= 9780883865736|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m94BAAAAMAAJ&q=chudasama+dynasty+lunar+origin}}</ref> They claimed to be of [[Lunar dynasty|Lunar]] race from which the deity [[Krishna]] sprung.

The early history of the Chudasama dynasty is almost lost. The bardic legends differ very much in names, order and numbers and so are not considered reliable. Traditionally, the dynasty is said to have been founded in the late 9th century by [[Chudachandra]]. Subsequent rulers such as [[Graharipu]], [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana]] and [[Khengara (12th century king)|Khengara]] were in conflict with [[Chaulukya]] rulers [[Mularaja]] and [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]]. Thus they are mentioned in contemporary and later [[Jain]] chronicles. After the end of Chaulukya rule and that of their successor [[Vaghela dynasty]], the Chudasamas continued to rule independently or as vassals of the successor states, the [[Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultanate]] and [[Gujarat Sultanate]]. The first known Chudasama ruler recorded in inscriptions was [[Mandalika I]], during whose reign Gujarat was invaded by the [[Khalji dynasty]] of Delhi. The last king of the dynasty, [[Mandalika III]], was defeated and forcibly converted to Islam in 1472 by Sultan [[Mahmud Begada]], who also annexed the state.<ref>{{cite book |title=Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages: Marwar and British Administration |editor1-first=R. K. |editor1-last=Gupta |editor2-first=S. R. |editor2-last=Bakshi |volume=5 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |location=New Delhi |year=2008 |pages=22–23 |isbn=978-8-17625-841-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7dCkiyLJ6EC |access-date=2012-05-21}}</ref>

== Origin, genealogy and chronology==
{{main|Chronology of Chudasama dynasty}}

The Chudasama kings of [[Junagadh State|Junagadh]], [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana]] and Khengar, were described as ''Ahir Rana'' and ''Abhira Ranaka'', Shepherd Kings, in [[Hemchandra]]'s ''Dvyashraya'' and [[Merutunga]]'s ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]''. <ref>{{cite book|author=Sree Padma|title=Inventing and Reinventing the Goddess: Contemporary Iterations of Hindu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Jn_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189|year=2018|publisher= Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-9001-2|page=189 |quote=Ahirs are linked with Khodiyar since the time of Chudasama prince Naughan ... When the prince's father, Ra Dias, was killed in battle, the prince was protected by an Ahir couple ... When Naughan became king, ahirs became his important allies and Khodiyar his ''kuldevi''.}}</ref>

Several inscriptions link the Chudasamas to the legendary [[lunar dynasty]]; later inscriptions and the text ''Mandalika-Nripa-Charita'' link them to the [[Yadava]] family of the Hindu deity Krishna.<ref name="AK_2018">{{cite book |author=Aparna Kapadia |title=Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qrxsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 |year=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-15331-8 |pages=80–81 }}</ref> For example, the inscriptions at Neminath Temple (c. [[Vikrama Samvat|VS]] 1510/c. 1454 CE) on [[Girnar]] describes them as being of [[Yaduvanshi|Yadava origin]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/1977GujaratnoRajkiyaAneSanskrutikItihasVol5SaltanatKaal257D/page/n5|title=ગુજરાતનો રાજકીય અને સાંસ્કૃતિક ઇતિહાસ: સલ્તનત કાલ|publisher=Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Institute of Learning and Research|year=1977|editor-last=Parikh|editor-first=Rasiklal Chhotalal|editor-link=Rasiklal Parikh|series=Research Series - Book No. 71|volume=V|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=157|trans-title=Political and Cultural History of Gujarat: Sultanate Era|editor-last2=Shastri|editor-first2=Hariprasad Gangashankar|editor-link2=Hariprasad Shastri|language=gu}}</ref>

The Dhandusar inscription (VS 1445) says that the founder of the dynasty was Chudachandra.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} According to a legend, the father of Ra Chuda (that is, Chudachandra) was a [[Samma dynasty|Samma]] chief of [[Sindh]]; his mother was the sister of Wala Ram (c. 875), the last of chiefs of Vamansthali (modern [[Vanthali]]), who had earlier served as governors under the king of [[Vallabhi]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Harald Tambs-Lyche |title=Power, Profit, and Poetry: Traditional Society in Kathiawar, Western India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ntuAAAAMAAJ |year=1997 |publisher=Manohar |isbn=978-81-7304-176-1 |page=31 }}</ref> ''[[Nainsi ri Khyat]]'' (17th century) also states that the Chudasamas migrated to Saurashtra from Sindh.<ref>{{cite book |author=Tanuja Kothiyal |title=Nomadic Narratives: A History of Mobility and Identity in the Great Indian Desert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=be-7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 |year=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-08031-7 |page=56 }}</ref> The Chudasamas are often referred to as ''abhiras'' (pastoralists), and legends refer to the 10th century Chudasama king as a "tyrannical shepherd".<ref name="AK_2018"/>

==History==
{{South Asia in 1000||{{center|Location of the Chudsamas, and neighbouring in South Asia, circa 800 CE.<ref name="JES">{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (e)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref>}}}}
The Chudasama dynasty were in constant conflict with the Chaulukyas. Hemachandra states that [[Mularaja]] of the Chaulukya dynasty fought against [[Graharipu]], the ruler of Junagadh, to protect the pilgrims going to [[Prabhas Patan]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZZ8T8tZc4YC&q=Graharipu&pg=PA108| title= Somanatha | publisher= Penguin Books | work= History | date= 2004 | author= Romila Thapar | pages=108| isbn= 9780143064688 }}</ref>
There are no known inscriptions of the period before Mandalika I. Still, it is certain that they had established their rule in the Saurashtra region before Mularaja came to power in [[Anahilavada]] because literary sources tell of battles between Chudasama kings and Chaulukya kings; Mularaja and [[Jayasimha Siddharaja]]. A Vanthali inscription records Mandalika, a king whose kingdom was captured by Jagatsimha, a feudatory of Chaulukya king Viradhavala. This Mandalika king must be another Mandalika king mentioned in latter half genealogy. As Viradhavala is known to live in VS 1288, he must be assigned the same date. As another Vanthali inscription date VS 1346, it must have been under the Jagatsimha's family till then. It seems that a later Chudasama king Mandalika regained Vanthali when Chaulukya rule weakened. So the later genealogy starts from him in later inscriptions. The Chudasamas continued to rule till VS 1527 (1472 CE) when they were defeated by Sultan Mahmud Begada. As inscriptions says about their resistance to Gujarat Sultans, it can be said that they were the most powerful dynasty in Saurashtra region at that time.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==Coins==
Based on historical records, it is known that the coins known as Kodis, Karshapan or Pan, Vishopak, Dram and Rupak were used in Chudasama domains. 80 Kodis were equal to one Karshapan and 16 Karshapan were equal to one Dram. One Dram was equal to 20 Vishopak.<ref name="gog1975">{{cite book|title=Gazetteers: Junagadh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpBuAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications|page=467}}</ref>

==Constructions==
[[File:Uparkot Fort 19 Clicked by Hariom Raval.jpg|thumb|right|Uparkot fort rediscovered by Chudasama ruler Graharipu]]
The [[Uparkot Fort]] of Junagadh was occupied by Chudasamas during the reign of [[Graharipu]]. Later it is said to have been rebuilt by [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana]] who had transferred his capital from Vamanasthali to Junagadh. He is also attributed with the constructions of [[Navghan Kuvo]] and [[Adi Kadi Vav]], a well and a stepwell respectively, in the fort. His descendant [[Khengara (12th century king)|Khengara]] is attributed with a stepwell, [[Ra Khengar Vav]], on the way to Vanthali from Junagadh though it was built by Tejapala, the minister in the [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] court.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jutta Jain-Neubauer|title=The Stepwells of Gujarat: In Art-historical Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61fSwBF4bbYC|year=1981|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-0-391-02284-3|pages=22}}</ref>

== See also ==
[[Ahir Rajput]]

== References ==
{{History of Gujarat}}
{{reflist}}
{{Chudasama dynasty}}

[[Category:Chudasama dynasty| ]]
[[Category:History of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Rajputs]]
[[Category:Dynasties of the Rajputs]]
[[Category:Hindu dynasties]]

Chudasama dynasty - Revision history

CleanupBot at 06:13, 24 July 2023