Bot at 21:03, 12 October 2022

2022-10-12T21:03:49Z

New page

{{about|the village in [[Ladakh]]|the town in the [[Lhasa Prefecture]] of the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]] of [[China]]|Qüxü}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chushul
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.556|78.722|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Leh district|Leh]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Durbok|Durbuk]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leh.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village/|title=Villages | District Leh, Union Territory of Ladakh | India}}</ref>
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = [[Panchayat]]
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m = 4350
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 949
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 908
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Chushul'''{{efn|Alternative spellings include '''Chhushul''',<ref>
{{citation |author=Government of Punjab |title=Report on the trade and resources of the countries on the north-western boundary of India |location=Lahore |publisher=Printed at the Government Press |year=1862 |url=https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/afghanuno/168/ |via=unomaha.edu |at=Appendix IV A, p. xxii}}
</ref>
'''Chushal''',{{sfnp|Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories|1875|p=319}}<ref>
{{citation |last=Godwin-Austen |first=H. H. |title=Notes on the Pangong Lake District of Ladakh, from a Journal made during a Survey in 1863 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lwMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA351 |year=1867 |volume=37 |publisher=J. Murray |location=London |jstor=1798534 |page=352}}
</ref>
and '''Chushol'''.<ref>
{{citation |title=Yale North India Expedition |publisher=Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences |year=1934 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnc6AQAAIAAJ |page=33}}
</ref>
An old spelling is '''Shushal''',<ref name=Gazetteer/> also '''Shooshal'''.{{sfnp|Ward, Tourist's and Sportsman's guide|1896}}}} is a village in the [[Leh district]] of [[Ladakh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |title=Blockwise Village Amenity Directory |publisher=Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council |access-date=2015-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909100301/http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is located in the [[Durbok|Durbuk]] [[tehsil]], in the area known as "Chushul Valley", south of the [[Pangong lake|Pangong Lake]] and west of the [[Spanggur Lake]]. The [[Line of Actual Control]] with China runs about 5 miles east of Chushul, across the Chushul Valley. Famous as site for historical battle grounds.

In August 1842 the concluding battle of [[Dogra-Tibetan War]] with subsequent signing of Treaty of Chushul in September 1842 for border non-proliferation took place at Chushul.<ref name="Rubin">{{citation |last1=Rubin |first1=Alfred P. |title=The Sino-Indian Border Disputes |journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly |volume=9 |issue=1 |year=1960 |pages=96–124 |doi=10.1093/iclqaj/9.1.96 |jstor=756256 }}</ref>

On 18 November 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]], [[PVC]] Major [[Shaitan Singh]] with his five platoons of 120 men fought to the 'last man, last round' at [[Rezang La]] (Chushul), only 6 men survived the Chinese massacre.<ref>{{Cite news|title=#ShauryaStories: Major Shaitan Singh, 'The Hero of Rezang La' in 1962 war|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-shauryastories-major-shaitan-singh-the-hero-of-rezang-la-in-1962-war-2868577/amp|publisher=DNA Web Team|access-date=16 January 2021}}</ref>

== Location ==
[[File:Pangong-and-Spanggur-US-Army-map-1954.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Map including Chushul ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1954){{efn|From map: "THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES ON THIS MAP MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"}}]]
[[File:Ladakh LAC Landmarks (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|280px|Chushul area ([[Defense Mapping Agency|DMA]], 1992]]

Chushul is about 10 miles south of the [[Pangong Lake]]. It is in the valley of the '''Chushul River''' (or ''Tsaka chu''), which rises near the '''Tsaka La''' and flows north for about 30 miles before entering the Pangong Lake on its south bank near [[Thakung]]. Near Chushul, the river flows through a flat plain of some 10 square miles in extent, leading to growth of grass and fuelwood.<ref name=Gazetteer>{{citation |title=Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.43256/page/n7 |publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing |location=Calcutta |year=1890 |page=747}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India]], Chushul has 148 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 61.47%.<ref name="census_2011"/>

Most of the people are dependent on the rearing of goat and yak. In the field of agriculture, barley and pea are main crops of the season. During the chilly winter season, Chushul is cut off from main the capital city of [[Leh]]. During the winter season, Ice hockey is the main sport in Chushul. The youth of Chushul has a keen interest in playing ice hockey. The Chushul Ice Hockey team recently participated in the district as well as the CEC cup which was held at Leh at Karzoo and the new ice hockey ring at NDS Ground. In Chushul, various associations have played an important role in developing Chushul's economy, politics and education system. Some of these associations are Women's Alliance Chushul, Student Union of Chushul, Youth Association of Chushul, Gonpa Community of Chushul and Ex. Service Men Association of Chushul. Ms Tsering Dolker is the current elected sarpanch of Chushul village.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Demographics (2011 Census)<ref name="census_2011">{{cite news |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/datagov/CDB_PCA_Census/PCA_CDB_0103_F_Census.xls |title=Leh district census |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations |access-date=2015-07-23 }}</ref>
! !! Total !! Male !! Female
|-
| Population || 949 || 489 || 460
|-
| Children aged below 6 years || 121 || 69 || 52
|-
| [[Scheduled caste]] || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| [[Scheduled tribe]] || 945 || 489 || 456
|-
| Literates || 509 || 315 || 194
|-
| Workers (all) || 556 || 278 || 278
|-
| Main workers (total) || 398 || 244 || 154
|-
| Main workers: Cultivators || 197 || 130 || 67
|-
| Main workers: Agricultural labourers || 18 || 12 || 6
|-
| Main workers: Household industry workers || 25 || 14 || 11
|-
| Main workers: Other || 158 || 88 || 70
|-
| Marginal workers (total) || 158 || 34 || 124
|-
| Marginal workers: Cultivators || 49 || 25 || 24
|-
| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers || 13 || 2 || 11
|-
| Marginal workers: Household industry workers || 85 || 2 || 83
|-
| Marginal workers: Others || 11 || 5 || 6
|-
| Non-workers || 393 || 211 || 182
|}

==Education==
In Chushul there are five schools. They are Govt. High school Chushul, Govt. Middle school Buk, Govt Middle School Tailing, Central Institute of Buddhist Studies .{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

== Administration ==
The Chushul village was the block headquarters of Changthang block of Ladakh district prior to the 1962 war with China.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

==Airport==

The Chushul airstrip became operational since 1954. Chushul [[airstrip]],<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/63783963@N00/124564862/ Photos on www.flickr.com]</ref> supported military operations during the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]]. [[Dakotas]] and [[Ilyushin Il-14|IL 14]] from [[No. 12 Squadron IAF]], No. 43 Squadron IAF and [[No. 42 Squadron IAF]] made logistical supplies to Chushul as the roads didn't exist.<ref>{{Cite news|title=1962 War: The Role of the IAF|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/interviews/1962-war-the-role-of-the-iaf/|first=P.C|last=Lal|access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>
On 25 & 26 October 1962 in [[Sino-Indian War]], [[AN-12]] transport airplanes of [[No. 44 Squadron IAF]] airlifted six [[AMX-13]] tanks to armour the gap at [[Spanggur Tso]] through makeshift Chushul [[aerodrome]] made of (Perforated Steel Plates) [[fishplates]] at a height of 13,000 feet in [[Ladakh]]. Vir Chakra awardee Flight Lieutenant Virendera Singh Pathania of [[No. 23 Squadron IAF]] made sorties on Gnat airplane for photo reconnaissance from Chushul.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Importance of Chushul sector: Indian Army's consolidation will give New Delhi access to east Ladakh and region's crucial airstrip|url= https://www.firstpost.com/india/importance-of-chushul-sector-indian-armys-consolidation-will-give-new-delhi-access-to-east-ladakh-and-regions-crucial-airstrip-8821361.html/amp|publisher=First Post|access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref>

== Border Personnel Meeting point ==
Chushul is one of the five officially agreed [[Border Personnel Meeting point]]s between the [[Indian Army]] and the [[People's Liberation Army]] of [[China]] for regular consultations and interactions between the two armies to improve relations.<ref name=ti1>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-soldiers-prevent-Chinese-troops-from-constructing-road-in-Arunachal/articleshow/44953671.cms|title=Indian soldiers prevent Chinese troops from constructing road in Arunachal|date=28 Oct 2014|access-date=11 Nov 2017|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref>

[[Moldo]] ({{lang-zh|莫爾多}}) post of the [[Indian Army]], coordinate: {{coord|33.5575|N|78.732|E||display=inline}}{{dubious|date=November 2020|reason=There is nothing here on the map.}}

Spanggur ({{lang-zh|斯潘古爾}}) post of the [[People's Liberation Army]] of [[China]], coordinate: {{coord|33.565|N|78.80|E||display=inline}}

==See also==
* [[Border Personnel Meeting point]]
* [[India-China Border Roads]]
* [[Sino-Indian border dispute]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Drew |first=Frederic |author-link=Frederic Drew |title=The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories: A Geographical Account |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.49165 |year=1875 |publisher=E. Stanford |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Drew, The Jummoo and Kashmir Territories|1875}}}}
* {{citation |last=Ward |first=A. E. |title=The Tourist's and Sportsman's guide to Kashmir and Ladak |publisher=Thaker, Spink & Co |date=1896 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.6082 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Ward, Tourist's and Sportsman's guide|1896}}}}

==Further reading==
* [[:File:SINO-INDIAN BORDER DEFENSES CHUSHUL AREA CIA-RDP89B00569R000200120051-4.pdf|SINO-INDIAN BORDER DEFENSES CHUSHUL AREA]] (CIA, 1963)

==External links==
* [https://travelthehimalayas.com/kiki/2018/9/8/a-place-called-chushul A place called Chushul], himalaya.com, retrieved 21 November 2020.

{{Ladakh}}
{{Leh district}}
{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force bases]]
[[Category:Villages in Durbuk tehsil]]
[[Category:Borders of Ladakh]]

Chushul - Revision history

Bot at 21:03, 12 October 2022