UpdateBot at 21:39, 1 July 2022

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{{Short description|Filmmaking industry in Bihar}}
{{Copy edit|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox cinema market
| name = Cinema of Bihar
| image = File:Seal of Bihar.svg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =Bihar Emblem
| screens = 269 ([[Bihar]])
| screens_per_capita =
| distributors =
| produced_year = 2019
| produced_ref =
| produced_total = 150
| produced_fictional =
| produced_animated =
| produced_documentary =
| admissions_year =
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| admissions_total =
| admissions_per_capita =
| admissions_national =
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}}
{{Culture of Bihar}}
{{Indian cinema}}
{{anchor|language}}
Cinemas in the [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] language are predominantly produced in the [[Indian state]] of [[Bihar]]. Bihar also has relatively smaller [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Magahi language|Magahi]] film industries.

== {{anchor|Golden Era}}History ==
Cinema in Bihar dates back to the early years of the 20th century, when [[Jamshedji Framji Madan]] acquired the Elphinstone Theatre Company of [[Bombay]] in 1902 and converted it into the Elphinstone Bioscope Company. The Elphinstone Theatre in Patna became the Elphinstone Cinema, showing silent shorts until the advent of sound films. It still exists with different ownership after the Madan empire's collapse during the 1930s. Another silent-cinema theatre in China Kothi, [[Patna]], closed early in the sound era (1931). The first sound theatre in Patna was in the Babu Bazar in the southwestern part of the city and opened with ''Veer Abhimanyu'' in 1933 or 1934. The theatre was destroyed by a fire caused by flammable [[nitrate film]] and was never rebuilt.

The first Bihari film was the silent ''Life Divine'' or 'Punarjanma' with Arati Devi, Mr. A. K. Prosad B.L., Miss Pratima Devi, and Mr. N. G. Bhattacharya. It was produced by Raja Rana Jagarnnath Prasad Singh.<ref>'The Glorious First Production of Bihar - A drama full of Love, Romance & Action With Mythological Back Ground' {{sic}} - as described in the Puja Number of Filmland, October 1932.</ref> Arati Devi was a Jewish girl and 19 years old when she made the film. She was born Rachel Sofaer in Rangoon, Burma, in 1912 and moved with her parents and siblings to Calcutta, India, {{circa|1923}}. She had made only one other film a year before, 1930's ''A Man Condemned'' and her career was cut short by marriage in 1933 to Sassoon Jonah. She died in childbirth in April 1948.

[[Prakash Jha]] made his feature-film debut with 1984's [[Hip Hip Hurray (film)|Hip Hip Hurray]], a Hindi film shot in [[Jharkhand]] (then part of Bihar) and processed in Bombay. ''[[Patang (film)|Patang]]'' was directed by [[Goutam Ghose]]. As of May 2012, more than 150 completed films are awaiting release.

''[[Bhaiyaa]]'', a Magahi-language film, was released in 1961.<ref>[https://us.imdb.com/title/tt0236021/ Bhaiyaa - First Magadhi language film]</ref> The first Bhojpuri-language film, ''Ganga Maiya Tohe Piyari Chhadhaibo'', was made in 1962 and released the following year (although Bhojpuri and Maghi were spoken in a few earlier films, such as ''[[Gunga Jumna]]'' and ''Nadiya Ke Paar''). Films such as ''[[Laagi Nahi Chhute Ram]]'' and ''Bideshiya'' were popular in the [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur district]].

[[Bollywood]]'s ''[[Nadiya Ke Paar (1982 film)|Nadiya Ke Paar]]'' is one of the best-known Bhojpuri-language films. The first Maithili-language film was 1965's ''[[Kanyadan film|Kanyadan]]'',<ref>https://us.imdb.com/title/tt0236358/ [[Kanyadan film|Kanyadan]] - First Maithili language film {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date= March 2022}}</ref> directed by [[Phani Majumdar]]. The film, about a man who decides to learn Maithili because it is his wife's only language, is based on Harimohan Jha's [[Hari Mohan Jha]] novel ''Kanyadaan''. ''Bhauji Maay'' and ''Mamta Gaave Geet'' (directed by C. Parmanand) were also popular; the latter was noted for its music and plot. [[Sasta Jingi Mahag Senur]] (directed by Muarli Dhar and released in 1999) was a successful Maithili film, with songs by [[Md. Aziz]], [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Udit Narayan]] and Deepa Narayan.

Another successful Maithili film, ''[[Kakhan Harab Dukh Mor]]'', was based on the life of the Maithil poet [[Vidyapati]]. Phool Singh played the lead role, with music by Gyaneshwar Dubey.
Other Maithili films include ''Senurak Laaj'' and ''Dularua Babu''. Ashu-Priya Productions' ''Aau Piya Hamar Nagari'' was released in 2000, but was unsuccessful. Murli Dhar directed 90 percent of the film, with Manikant Mishra completing it.

In November 2007 the Maithili film ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_TxnmHpIi4 Sindurdan]'' was released but the film was withdrawn from theatres due to sound problems. ''Senuriya'', directed by B.D. Prasad Chaudhary with music by Gyaneshwar Dubey, is dubbed from Tamil into Maithili with Surya and Diva Shree acting in lead roles and Rami Reddy playing the antagonist.

Banner Dev Kala Arts and A. Y. Movies' 2005 ''Garibak Beti'', directed by [[Manoj Jha]] and produced by Ajay Yash, was a low-budget Maithili success. Jha's next film was 2010's ''Mayak Karz'', for the same producers. ''Suhagin'' and ''Khurluchchi'' Two other hit Maithili films were released in 2011: ''Sajana Ke Anagana Me Solah Singaar'' (directed by Murli Dhar) and ''Mukhiya Jee'' (directed by Vikash Jha). Another successful Maithili movie, ''An Ideal Lady - Ramaulwali'', was released in November 2014, directed by Niraj Yadav and Randhir Singh.

In October 2019, Maithili film [[Gamak Ghar]] premiered at 21st Jio [[Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image|MAMI]] Mumbai Film Festival 2019, becoming the first Maithili film to be selected for the festival. Cited as the first art-house film from the region, the film received a warm reception both at the festival and online release on the streaming platform [[Mubi (streaming service)|Mubi]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-21|title=Gamak Ghar: Remembering the house left behind|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/gamak-ghar-mubi-anchal-mish-6419609/|access-date=2020-06-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Film Festivals==
{{main|Patna Film Festival|Bodhisattava International Film Festival}}
The Patna Film Festival is an [[List of film festivals|international film festival]] with participants from [[Cinema of Iran|Iran]], [[Cinema of Canada|Canada]], [[Cinema of China|China]], [[Cinema of Japan|Japan]], [[Cinema of Sweden|Sweden]], [[Cinema of Germany|Germany]], [[Cinema of Russia|Russia]], [[Cinema of the United States|U.S.]] and [[Cinema of India|India]].Begun in 2006, it is organized by of Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, the [[National Film Development Corporation of India|National Film Development Corporation]] (NFDC), the [[National Film Archive of India]], the [[Federation of Film Societies of India]] and the [[Government of Bihar|state government]].

Mini-film festivals were organized regularly by Patna's Cine-Society during the summer and winter from 1973 to 1989; the last festival featured Charlie Chaplin films for the worldwide celebration of his centenary. Cine-Society aided the Government of India and cultural organizations, such as the Bihar Art Theater. Facing competition from video, broadcast and satellite television, the society is smaller but screens about twelve feature and four documentary films from around the world each month, organizes film-appreciation workshops and discussions, publishes a monthly newsletter and continues assisting governmental and non-governmental groups organize one or two mini-film festivals annually.

== Film City ==

* [[Rajgir Film City]]
* [[Valmikinagar Film City]]

==Cinema by language==
{| class="wikitable" style="width:33em; text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"
|+Breakdown by languages
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-size:90%; text-align:left;" |2021 Indian feature films certified by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]] by languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmfed.org/downloads/Language-wise-Region-2018-19-26062019.pdf|title=Film Federation Of India}}</ref><br /><small>Note: This table indicates the number of films certified by the CBFC's regional offices in nine cities. The actual number of films produced may be less.</small>
|-
!Language!!No. of films
|-
| [[Bhojpuri cinema|Bhojpuri]]
| 104
|-
| [[Maithili cinema|Maithili]]
| 35
|-The first successful movie is Kanyadan(1960)
| [[Magahi cinema|Magahi]]
| 0
|-
|-
| '''Total'''
| 139
|}

=== Bhojpuri ===
{{Main|Bhojpuri cinema}}

[[Bhojpuri language]] films predominantly cater to residents of western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh and also have a large audience in [[Delhi]] and Mumbai due to migration of Bhojpuri speakers to these cities. Besides India, markets for these films developed in other Bhojpuri speaking countries of the [[West Indies]], Oceania and South America.<ref>{{cite book| last = Mesthrie| first = Rajend| title = Language in Indenture: A Sociolinguistic History of Bhojpuri-Hindi in South Africa| year = 1991| publisher = Routledge| location = London| isbn = 978-0-415-06404-0| pages = 19–32 }}</ref>

Bhojpuri film history begins with ''[[Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo]]'' (''Mother Ganges, I will offer you a yellow sari'', 1962, Kundan Kumar).<ref>{{IMDb title|0233774|Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo}}</ref> Throughout the following decades, few films were produced. Films such as ''[[Bidesiya (film)|Bidesiya]]'' (''Foreigner'', 1963, [[S. N. Tripathi]]) and ''Ganga'' (''Ganges,'' 1965, Kumar) were profitable and popular, but in general Bhojpuri films were not common in the 1960s and 1970s.

The industry experienced a revival in 2001 with the hit ''Saiyyan Hamar'' (''My Sweetheart,'' Mohan Prasad), which shot [[Ravi Kishan|Ravi Kissan]] to superstardom.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060414/asp/etc/story_6075200.asp |title=The Telegraph – Calcutta: etc |work=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta |date=14 April 2006 |access-date=12 November 2010}}</ref> This was followed by several other successes, including ''Panditji Batai Na Biyah Kab Hoi'' (''Priest, tell me when I will marry,'' 2005, Prasad), and ''Sasura Bada Paisa Wala'' (''My father-in-law, the rich guy,'' 2005). Both did much better business in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar than mainstream Bollywood hits, and both earned more than ten times their production costs.<ref>"Move over Bollywood, Here's Bhojpuri," BBC News Online: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/world/south_asia/4512812.stm</ref> Although smaller than other Indian film industries, these successes increased Bhojpuri cinema's visibility, leading to an awards show<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhojpurifilmaward.com/ |title=Home |publisher=Bhojpuri Film Award |access-date=12 November 2010}}</ref> and a trade magazine, ''Bhojpuri City''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bhojpuricity.com/ |title=bhojpuricity.com |publisher=bhojpuricity.com |access-date=25 April 2014}}</ref>

=== Maithili ===
[[:Category:Maithili-language films|Maithili Films]] , first full-length was [[Kanyadan (film)|Kanyadan]] released in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Maithili movie? - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bhojpuri/movies/did-you-know/first-maithili-movie/articleshow/14174788.cms|access-date=2021-07-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> There are numerous films made in the Maithili over the years<ref>{{Cite web|title='प्यारी बहनिया बनेगी दुल्हनिया मैथिली फिल्म का मुहुर्त|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/news/darbhanga/article1-Beloved-bride-will-Bhnia-Maithili-auspicious-film-609500.html|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Hindustan|language=hindi}}</ref> but [[Mithila Makhaan]] is such a special film that got success to grab everyone's attention after winning the National Award in regional films category.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neetu Chandra's 'Mithila Makhaan' wins 'Best Maithili Film' National Award! - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/neetu-chandras-mithila-makhaan-wins-best-maithili-film-national-award/articleshow/51614931.cms|access-date=2021-07-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== Awards ==

{| class="wikitable"
|+Prominent non-governmental awards
|-
! Award !! Year of <br />Inception !! Awarded by
|-
|[[Bhojpuri Film Awards]]
|2001
|AB5 Multimedia
|-
|[[Sabrang Film Awards]]
|2014
|[[Godrej Consumer Products]]
|-
|[[International Bhojpuri Film Awards]]
|2015
|Yashi Films International
|-
|}

==Directors==
* [[Prakash Jha]]
* [[Neeraj Pandey]]
* [[N. Mandal]]
* [[Kabeer Kaushik]]
* [[Naveen Bhardwaj]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Naveen Bhardwaj|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm9358322/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=IMDb}}</ref>
* [[Manoj K.Jha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manoj K. Jha|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4083927/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=IMDb}}</ref>
* Achal Mishra

==Notable people==
;Actors
Ashok Kumar,Shatrughan Sinha,Shekhar Suman,Kunal,Manoj Bajpai,Manoj Tiwari,Sanjay Mishra,
;Actresses
Jahan Ara Kajjan,Kumkum,Neha Sharma,Sonakshi Sinha,Shilpa Shukla,Nitu Chandra,Anurita Jha
;Singers
Udit Narayan,Hariharan,Sonu Nigam

==See also==
* [[Bhojpuri cinema]]
* [[List of Bhojpuri actors]]
* [[List of Bhojpuri actresses]]
* [[List of Bhojpuri singers]]
* [[List of Bhojpuri people]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Director

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bihar (cinema)}}
[[Category:Cinema of Bihar]]
[[Category:Bhojpuri-language films|Bhojpuri language films]]
[[Category:Magahi-language films|Magahi language films]]
[[Category:Maithili-language films|Maithili language films]]

Cinema of Bihar - Revision history

UpdateBot at 21:39, 1 July 2022