ImportMaster at 18:46, 21 March 2022

2022-03-21T18:46:05Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Cis-Sutlej States
|common_name =Cis-Sutlej
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|Region]]
|era =
|year_start =1809
|date_start =
|event_start= [[British protectorate]]
|year_end =1862
|date_end =
|event_end= Merged into the [[Punjab (British India)|British Province (British India)]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =Maratha Empire
|flag_p1 = Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg
|s1 =Punjab (British India)
|s2 =Punjab States Agency
|flag_s1 =British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|flag_s2 =British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|image_flag = Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg
|image_coat =
|image_map =
|image_map_caption =
|stat_area1 =
|stat_year1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|footnotes =
}}

The '''Cis-Sutlej states''' were a group of states in the modern [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Haryana]] states of northwestern [[India]] during the 19th century, lying between the [[Sutlej River]] on the north, the [[Himalayas]] on the east, the [[Yamuna River]] and [[Delhi]] District on the south, and [[Sirsa District]] on the west. These states were under the suzerainty of the [[Scindhias|Scindhia dynasty]] of the [[Maratha Empire]]. Small Punjabi kingdoms of the Cis-Sutlej states paid tributes to the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]], until the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] of 1803–1805, after which the Marathas lost this territory to the British.<ref>
{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC&q=daulatrao+scindia+punjab&pg=PA334 |title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid Eighteenth Century, Farooqui Salma Ahmed, Salma Ahmed Farooqui, Google Books |isbn=9788131732021 |accessdate=2012-05-26|last1=Ahmed |first1=Farooqui Salma |year=2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D_v3Y7hns8QC&q=mahadji+sindhia+punjab&pg=PA13 |title=History of the Marathas - R.S. Chaurasia - Google Books |isbn=9788126903948 |accessdate=2012-05-26
|last1=Chaurasia |first1=R. S. |year=2004 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nyk6oA2nOlgC&q=%22second+anglo+maratha+war%22+sutlej&pg=PA379|title=Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World|first=Jayanta Kumar|last=Ray|date=6 August 2007|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131708347}}</ref>

==History==
During the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] of 1803–1805, [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]] drafted a treaty granting independence to the Sikh clans east of the [[Sutlej River]] in exchange for their allegiance to the British General [[Gerard Lake]] acting on his dispatch.<ref name=DukeDispatch>{{cite book|title=The Despatches, Minutes, and Correspondance, of the Marquess Wellesley, K. G. During His Administration in India|author-last=Wellesley|author-first=Arthur|author1-link=Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JB0-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA264|year=1837|number=v.3|pages=264–267}}</ref><ref name=duketreaty>{{cite book|title=Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda of Field Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington, K. G.: India, 1797-1805|author-last=Wellesley|author-first=Arthur|author1-link=Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|date=1859|volume=I|pages=269–279, 319|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y9EgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA269|quote="ART VI Scindiah to renounce all claims the Seik chiefs or territories" (p.318)}}</ref> At the conclusion of the war, the frontier of [[British India]] was extended to the Yamuna. An 1809 agreement with [[Ranjit Singh]], emperor of the [[Sikh Empire]] west of the Sutlej, brought the states under the aegis of Sikh dominion. The Cis-Sutlej states included [[Kaithal]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Thanesar]], [[Maler Kotla]] and [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]]. Before 1846 the greater part of this territory was relatively independent, the chiefs being subject to supervision from a political officer stationed at [[Umballa]], and styled the agent of the British [[Governor-General of India]] for the Cis-Sutlej states.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |inline=y |wstitle=Cis-Sutlej States |volume=6 |page=693}}</ref>

A number of states were confiscated or acquired by Britain under the [[Doctrine of Lapse]]. After the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] the full administration of the territory became vested in this officer.<ref name=EB1911/>

In 1849 the Punjab was annexed to British India, when the Cis-Sutlej states commissionership, comprising the districts of [[Ambala]], [[Ferozepore District|Ferozepore]], [[Ludhiana District|Ludhiana]], Thanesar and [[Simla District|Simla]], was incorporated with the new [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab Province]].<ref name=EB1911/>

The name continued to be applied to this division until 1862, when—owing to Ferozepore having been transferred to [[Lahore Division]] and a part of Thanesar to Delhi Division—it ceased to be appropriate.<ref name=EB1911/> The remaining tract became known as the [[Ambala Division]]. The [[princely states]] of [[Patiala]], [[Jind]], and [[Nabha]] were appointed a separate political agency in 1901. Excluding [[Bahawalpur State|Bahawalpur]] (for which there was no political agent) and [[Chamba State|Chamba]], the other states were grouped under the commissioners of [[Jullunder]] and Delhi, and the superintendent of the [[Simla Hill States]].<ref name=EB1911/> All native states, except Kaithal, would join [[PEPSU]] after India's independence.

==Districts and states==
===Present districts and divisions===
*The Union territory of [[Chandigarh]]
*[[Patiala District]]
*[[Mohali District]]
*[[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa District]]
*[[Barnala District]]
*[[Sangrur District]]
*[[Jalandhar District]]
*[[Muktsar District]]
*[[Hoshiarpur District]]
*[[Bathinda District]]
*[[Ludhiana District]]
*[[Firozpur District]]
*[[Panchkula District]]
*[[Jind District]]
*[[Ambala District]]
*[[Fazilka District]]
*[[Faridkot District]]
*[[Moga District]]
*[[Fatehgarh Sahib District]]
*[[Rupnagar District]]
*[[Yamunanagar District]]

Present 14 districts of East Punjab, Chandigarh and present 4 districts of Haryana were there in Cis Sutlej States.

Rest of the Bist Doab including districts of Hoshiarpur,Kapurthala, SBS Nagar and Jalandhar were merged and made a new Trans Sutlej States in 1846 after First Anglo Sikh War.

===Princely states===
*[[Patiala State|Patiala]]
*[[Jind State|Jind]]
*[[Nabha State|Nabha]]
*[[Faridkot State|Faridkot]]
*[[Malerkotla State|Maler Kotla]]
*[[Kalsia]]

==See also==
*[[Maratha Empire]]
*[[Maratha conquest of North-west India]]
*[[Second Anglo-Maratha War]]
*[[Sikh Empire]]

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Divisions of British India}}
{{coord|31|00|N|77|30|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Historical Indian regions]]
[[Category:History of Haryana]]
[[Category:History of Punjab]]
[[Category:1809 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Maratha Empire]]

Cis-Sutlej states - Revision history

ImportMaster at 18:46, 21 March 2022