Wandererkanishk at 14:16, 9 July 2021

2021-07-09T14:16:30Z

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{{short description|Examination in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date = February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox examination
| name = Civil Services Examination
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| acronym ={{plainlist|
* UPSC CSE
* UPSC CSPE (Preliminary)
* UPSC CSME (Mains)
}}
| type = Paper-based standardized test
| test_admin = [[Union Public Service Commission]]
| skills_tested = Writing, [[English language|English]], [[General knowledge]], others
| purpose = Selection of candidates to the various posts of [[Civil Services of India]]
| year_started = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|1922}}<ref>https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/History%20of%20the%20Commission%20final%20%281%29_0.pdf</ref>
| year_terminated = 
| duration = 2 hours/paper (Prelims) 3 hours/paper (Mains)
| score_range = 0 - 200 (Prelims) 0 - 1750 (Mains) 0 - 275 (Interview) Total: 2025 ( Mains + Interview)(Used for final merit list)
| score_validity = 2025
| offered = Once a year
| attempt_restriction = 6 (General), 9 (OBC & PwBD- General), no limits for SC & ST candidates
| regions = India
| language = Question paper is only given in [[Hindi]] or English. Answers can be given in any one of the [[scheduled languages of India]]
| test_takers = ≈ 550000 per year appear in Preliminary exam
| prerequisite = Must be a graduate, and an Indian citizen.
| fee = {{INR}} 100/- (for general male candidates). For other categories of candidates, the registration fee is exempted.
| score_users = [[Union Public Service Commission]] for the selection of the students to the various [[Civil Services of India]]
| qualification_rate = approximately 0.1%
| website = {{plainlist|
* {{URL|https://upsc.gov.in/}}
* {{URL|https://www.upsconline.nic.in/}}
}}
}}

The '''Civil Services Examination''' ('''CSE''') is a nationwide [[competitive examination]] in [[India]] conducted by the [[Union Public Service Commission]] for recruitment to higher [[Civil Services of India|Civil Services of the Government of India]], including the [[Indian Administrative Service]], [[Indian Foreign Service]], and [[Indian Police Service]]. Also simply referred to as the '''UPSC examination''',<ref name=note/> it is conducted in three phases - a preliminary examination consisting of two objective-type papers (General Studies Paper I and General Studies Paper II also popularly known as Civil Service Aptitude Test or CSAT), and a main examination consisting of nine papers of conventional (essay) type, in which two papers are qualifying and only marks of seven are counted followed by a personality test (interview)<ref name=note/>. A successful candidate sits for 32 hours of examination during the complete process.

==Process==
The Civil Services Examination is based on the British era [[Imperial Civil Service]] tests, as well as the civil service tests conducted by old Indian empires such as the [[Mauryan Empire]] and [[Mughal Empire]]. It is the most difficult competitive examination in India. A single attempt takes two complete years of preparation - one year before the prelims and one year from prelims to interview. On average, 900,000 to 1,000,000 candidates apply every year and the number of candidates sitting in the preliminary examination is approximately 550,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/over-4-5-lakh-students-appear-for-upsc-preliminary-exam/|title=Over 4.5 lakh students appear for UPSC preliminary exam|date=2014-08-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2019-03-16}}</ref> Results for the Prelims are published in mid-August, while the final result is published in May of the next year.
* Stage I: Preliminary Examination - Held in June every year. Results are announced in August.
* Stage II: Mains

# Examination - Held in October every year. Results are announced in January.
# Personality Test (interview) - Held in March. Final results are usually announced in May.

The training program for the selected candidates usually commences the following September.

==Eligibility==
Eligibility for the examination is as follows:<ref name=note>{{cite web|title=Union Public Service Commission Central Civil Services Examination, 2011 Notice |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/exams/notifications/2011/CS2011/cs2011_eng.pdf |website=upsc.gov.in |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/603P7XPv8?url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/exams/notifications/2011/CS2011/cs2011_eng.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Nationality===
* For the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service and Indian Foreign Service
the candidate must be a citizen of [[India]].
* For other services, the candidate must be one of the following:

# A citizen of India.
# A citizen of [[Nepal]] or a subject of [[Bhutan]]
# A [[Tibet]]an refugee who settled permanently in India before 1 January 1962.
# A person of Indian origin who has migrated from [[Pakistan]], [[Myanmar]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], [[Malawi]], [[Zaire]], [[Ethiopia]] or [[Vietnam]] with the intention of permanently settling in India

===Educational qualification===
All candidates must have as a minimum one of the following educational qualifications:<ref name="note" />
* A degree from a Central, State or a Deemed university
* A degree received through correspondence or distance education
* A degree from an open university<ref name=faq/>
* A qualification recognized by the Government of India as being equivalent to one of the above

The following candidates are also eligible, but must submit proof of their eligibility from a competent authority at their institute/university at the time of the main examination, failing which they will not be allowed to attend the exam.<ref name=note/>
* Candidates who have appeared in an examination the passing of which would render them educationally qualified enough to satisfy one of the above points.<ref name=over>{{cite web|title=Civil Services Examination - Overview |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/civil.htm |website=upsc.gov.in |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/603kACSub?url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/civil.htm |archive-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Candidates who have passed the final exam of the [[MBBS]] degree but have not yet completed an internship.
* Candidates who have passed the final exam of ICAI, ICSI and ICWAI.
* A degree from a private university.
* A degree from any foreign university recognized by the [[Association of Indian Universities]].

=== Age ===
The candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 32 years (for the General category candidate) on 1 August of the year of examination. Prescribed age limits vary with respect to caste reservations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Final_Notice_CSPE_2019_N.pdf|title=Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2019|website=UPSC|date=19 February 2019}}</ref>
* For [[Other Backward Castes]] (OBC) the upper age limit is 35 years.
* For [[Scheduled Castes]] (SC) and [[Scheduled Tribes]] (ST), the limit is 37 years.
* For Defence Services Personnel disabled in operations during hostilities, the limit is 40 years.
* For Candidates belonging to ex-servicemen including [[Commissioned Officers|Commissioned officers]] and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered [[military service]]s for at least five years as on 1 August, of the year and have been released
*# on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to be completed within one year from 1 August of the year otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency ''or''
*# on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service ''or''
*# on invalidation ''or''
** Relaxation of up to a maximum of five years will be given in the case of ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment of five years of Military Service as on 1 August of the year and whose assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence issues a certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that they will be released on three months' notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer of appointment, the limit is 32 years.
* For ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment of five years of Military Service, the limit is 32 years.
* For [[Persons with disabilites|PwD]] candidates, the limit is 37 years.
* For [[Domicile (law)|Domiciles]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 1989, the limit is 32 years.
* For the [[Economically Weaker Section]] (EWS) category, the standard age limits apply.

===Number of attempts===
The number of times a candidate can appear for the exam are given below.<ref name=faq>{{cite web|title=FAQs |url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/faq.htm |website=upsc.gov.in |access-date=9 July 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/603htCeuV?url=http://www.upsc.gov.in/general/faq.htm |archive-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* General category candidates – 6<ref>http://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/Engl_CSP_2017.pdf</ref>
* OBC category candidates – 9
* SC/ST candidates – unlimited attempts till 37 years of age.

Appearing to attempt one of the papers in the preliminary examination is counted as an attempt, including disqualification/ cancellation of candidature. However, applying to sit the exam but failing to attend is not counted as an attempt.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/centre-to-lower-age-limit-for-civil-service-aspirants/article6609797.ece|title=Centre to lower age limit for civil service aspirants|last=Kumar|first=S. Vijay|date=2014-11-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-04-19|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Vacancies and selection ==
Generally the number of vacancies varies every year. The number of candidates that pass the preliminary examination is generally 11 or 12 times the number of vacancies, and the number of candidates selected for the final interview is twice the number of vacancies. As per existing policies, reservation for SC/ST/OBC is applied to each level of the selection process.

{| class="wikitable"
|+
Vacancies & selection in different years{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |No. of candidates applying for Prelims
! colspan="2" |No. of candidates that appeared for
! rowspan="2" |No. of candidates appearing for interviews
! rowspan="2" |No. of candidates selected
! rowspan="2" |Final vacancies
|-
!Prelims !!Mains
|-
|2010
|5,47,698
|2,69,036 ||11,865 || 2,589
|965
| 1,043
|-
|2011
|4,99,120
|2,43,236 ||11,237 ||2,415
|999
|1,001
|-
|2012
|5,50,080
|2,71,442 ||12,190 ||2,674
|998
|1,091
|-
|2013
|7,76,604
|3,23,949 ||14,178 ||3,003
|1,122
|1,228
|-
|2014
|9,47,428
|4,51,602 ||16,286 ||3,308
|1,236
|1,364
|-
|2015
|9,45,908
|4,65,882 ||15,008 ||2,797
|1,078
|1,164
|-
|2016
|11,36,000
|5,00,000
|15,452 ||2,961
|1,099
|1,209
|-
|2017
|10,00,000 (approx.)
|4,56,625 ||13,366 ||2,568
|1058||980
|-
|2018
|11,00,000 (approx.)
|4,93,972
|10,468
|1,994
|758
|759
|}

=== Cut-off ===
The cut-off marks of the examination of the previous years' are given below:
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center;"
|+Cut-off marks in different years
! rowspan="2" |Year
! colspan="3" |Prelims
! colspan="2" |Main
(out of 1750)
! colspan="2" |Total
(out of 2025)
! rowspan="2" |Ref.
|-
!Category
!Marks
!Total Marks
!Category
!Marks
!Category
!Marks
|-
| rowspan="7" |2013
!General
|241
| rowspan="7" |400
!General
|564
!General
|775
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|222
!OBC
|534
!OBC
|742
|-
!SC
|207
!SC
|518
!SC
|719
|-
!ST
|201
!ST
|510
!ST
|707
|-
!PH-1
|199
!H-1
|510
!PH-1
|725
|-
!PH-2
|184
!PH-2
|502
!PH-2
|718
|-
!PH-3
|163
!PH-3
|410
!PH-3
|613
|-
| rowspan="7" |2014
!General
| scope="row" |205
| rowspan="7" |385
!General
|678
!General
|889
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|204
!OBC
|631
!OBC
|844
|-
!SC
|182
!SC
|631
!SC
|830
|-
!ST
|174
!ST
|619
!ST
|811
|-
!PH-1
|167
!PH-1
|609
!PH-1
|816
|-
!PH-2
|113
!PH-2
|575
!PH-2
|778
|-
!PH-3
|115
!PH-3
|449
!PH-3
|713
|-
| rowspan="7" |2015
!General
|107.34
| rowspan="7" |200
!General
|676
!General
|877
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|106
!OBC
|630
!OBC
|834
|-
!SC
|94
!SC
|622
!SC
|810
|-
!ST
|91.34
!ST
|617
!ST
|801
|-
!PH-1
|90.66
!PH-1
|580
!PH-1
|802
|-
!PH-2
|76.66
!PH-2
|627
!PH-2
|830
|-
!PH-3
|40.00
!PH-3
|504
!PH-3
|697
|-
| rowspan="7" |2016
!General
|116
| rowspan="7" |200
!General
|787
!General
|988
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|110.66
!OBC
|745
!OBC
|951
|-
!SC
|99.34
!SC
|739
!SC
|937
|-
!ST
|96
!ST
|730
!ST
|920
|-
!PH-1
|75.34
!PH-1
|713
!PH-1
|927
|-
!PH-2
|72.66
!PH-2
|740
!PH-2
|951
|-
!PH-3
|40
!PH-3
|545
!PH-3
|817
|-
| rowspan="7" |2017
!General
|105.34
| rowspan="7" |200
!General
|809
!General
|1006
| rowspan="7" |
|-
!OBC
|102.66
!OBC
|770
!OBC
|968
|-
!SC
|88.66
!SC
|756
!SC
|944
|-
!ST
|88.66
!ST
|749
!ST
|939
|-
!PH-1
|88.88
!PH-1
|734
!PH-1
|923
|-
!PH-2
|61.34
!PH-2
|745
!PH-2
|948
|-
!PH-3
|40
!PH-3
|578
!PH-3
|830
|-
| rowspan="7" |2018
!General
|98
| rowspan="7" |200
!General
|774
!General
|982
| rowspan="7" |<ref>[https://www.upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/CutOff-CSE-2018-Engl-R.pdf Civil Services Examination, 2018]</ref>
|-
!OBC
|96.66
!OBC
|732
!OBC
|938
|-
!SC
|84
!SC
|719
!SC
|912
|-
!ST
|83.34
!ST
|719
!ST
|912
|-
!PH-1
|73.34
!PH-1
|711
!PH-1
|899
|-
!PH-2
|53.34
!PH-2
|696
!PH-2
|908
|-
!PH-3
|40
!PH-3
|520
!PH-3
|754
|}

==List of Services==

Following are the services which one gets on qualifying the Civil Service Examination.

'''All India Services'''
* [[Indian Administrative Service]] ('''IAS''')
* [[Indian Police Service]] ('''IPS''')


'''Central Services (Group A)'''
* [[Indian Foreign Service]] ('''IFS''') 
* [[Indian Audit and Accounts Service]] ('''IA&AS''')
* [[Indian Civil Accounts Service]] ('''ICAS''')
* [[Indian Corporate Law Service]] ('''ICLS''')
* [[Indian Defence Accounts Service]] ('''IDAS''')
* [[Indian Defence Estates Service]] ('''IDES''')
* [[Indian Information Service]] ('''IIS''')
* [[Indian Telecommunication Service]] ('''ITS''')
* [[Indian Ordnance Factories Service]] ('''IOFS''')
* [[Indian Postal Service]] ('''IPoS''')
* [[Indian P&T Accounts and Finance Service]] ('''IP&TAFS''')
* [[Indian Railway Accounts Service]] ('''IRAS''')
* [[Indian Railway Personnel Service]] ('''IRPS''')
* [[Railway Protection Force|Indian Railway Protection Force Service]] ('''IRPFS''')
* [[Indian Railway Traffic Service]] ('''IRTS''')
* [[Indian Revenue Service]] ('''IRS-IT''')
* [[Indian Revenue Service]] ('''IRS-C&CE''')
* [[Indian Trade Service]] ('''ITrS''')

'''Group B Services'''
* [[Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Services]] ('''AFHCS''')
* [[Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Civil Service]] ('''DANICS''')
* [[Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police Service]] ('''DANIPS''')
* Pondicherry Civil Service ('''PCS''')
* Pondicherry Police Service ('''PPS''')

==Preliminary==
The pattern of the Preliminary examination up to 2010 was based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1979). It included two examinations, one on general studies worth 150 marks, and the second on one of 23 optional subjects worth 300 marks. Until 2011, when it was revamped,<ref name=pio>{{cite news|title=Change of pattern in UPSC |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/345874/Change-of-pattern-in-UPSC.html |access-date=10 July 2011 |newspaper=[[The Pioneer (Indian newspaper)|The Pioneer]] |date=22 June 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/604vtHWHW?url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/345874/Change-of-pattern-in-UPSC.html |archive-date=10 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the preliminary pattern was sustained with only minor changes once every ten to fifteen years.<ref name=pio/>

From 2011 onwards, the preliminary examination intends to focus on analytical abilities and understanding rather than the ability to memorize. The new pattern includes two papers of two hours duration and 200 marks each.<ref name=ht>{{cite news|title=Changes in the civil service examination |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Changes-in-the-civil-service-examination/Article1-711918.aspx |access-date=10 July 2011 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=21 June 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/604rj8vNB?url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Changes-in-the-civil-service-examination/Article1-711918.aspx |archive-date=10 July 2011 |location=[[New Delhi]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> Both papers have multiple choice objective type questions only.<ref name=ht/> They are as follows:
* Paper I tests the candidate's knowledge on current events, history of India and Indian national movement, Indian and world geography, Indian polity panchayti Raj system and governance, economic and social development, environmental ecology, biodiversity, climate change and general science, Art and culture.<ref name=ht/>
* Paper II (also called CSAT or Civil Services Aptitude Test), tests the candidate's skills in comprehension, interpersonal skills, communication, logical reasoning, analytical ability, decision making, problem solving, basic numeracy, data interpretation, English language comprehension skills and mental ability.<ref name=ht/> It is qualifying in nature and the marks obtained in this paper are not counted for merit. However, it is mandatory for the candidate to score a minimum of 33 per cent in this paper to qualify the Prelims exam.<ref name="josh"/>

In August 2014, the Centre announced that English marks in CSAT will not be included for gradation or merit and 2011 candidates may get a second chance to appear for the test next year.<ref>{{cite news|title=CSAT Row : Marks of English paper will not be included for merit|url=http://www.patrika.com/news/csat-row-marks-of-english-paper-will-not-be-included-for-merit/1021728|access-date=4 August 2014|work=Patrika Group|issue=4 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808022108/http://www.patrika.com/news/csat-row-marks-of-english-paper-will-not-be-included-for-merit/1021728|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In May 2015, the Government of India announced that Paper II of the preliminary examination will be qualifying in nature i.e. it will not be graded for eligibility in Mains Examination and a candidate will need to score at least 33% to be eligible for grading on the basis of marks of Paper I of the Preliminary Examination.<ref name=note/> Those who qualify in the Prelims become eligible for the Mains.

==Mains==
The Civil Services Mains Examination consists of a written examination and an interview.<ref name=note/>

===Examination===
The Civil Services Main written examination consists of nine papers, two qualifying and seven ranking in nature. The range of questions may vary from just one mark to sixty marks, twenty words to 600 words answers. Each paper is of a duration of 3 hours. Candidates who pass qualifying papers are ranked according to marks and a selected number of candidates are called for interview or a personality test at the Commission's discretion.

According to the new marks allocations in Civil Service Examination 2013 there are some changes made in the examination according to the suggestion of the Prof. [[Arun Nigavekar|Arun. S. Nigavekar]] Committee.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=LiveMint|title=PM approves changes in civil services exam pattern|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/XiGXMdPHO44qm8728pHIBO/PM-approves-changes-in-civil-services-exam-pattern.html|access-date=25 March 2013 |date=27 February 2013 }}</ref> However, after some controversy, the qualifying papers for Indian languages and English were restored.<ref>{{cite news|title=Govt rolls back changes to UPSC mains exam|newspaper=The Hindu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/govt-rolls-back-changes-to-upsc-mains-exam/article4533535.ece?ref=relatedNews|date=2 September 2016|access-date=31 October 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Civil Services New Mains Format<ref name="josh">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/upsc-civil-services-ias-exam-pattern-1594890041-1|title=Civil Services Examination (updated pattern) 2021|website=Jagranjosh|accessdate=27 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
! Paper !! Subject!! Marks
|-
|Paper A||(One of the Indian languages listed below, to be selected by the candidate (from the languages listed in the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India]]) (Qualifying) ||300
|-
|Paper B||English (Qualifying) ||300
|-
|Paper I||Essay ||250
|-
|Paper II||General Studies I (Indian heritage and culture, history and geography of the world and society) ||250
|-
|Paper III||General Studies II (Governance, constitution, polity, social justice and international relations) ||250
|-
|Paper IV||General Studies III (Technology, economic development, bio-diversity, environment, security and disaster management) ||250
|-
|Paper V||General Studies IV (ethics, integrity and aptitude) ||250
|-
|Papers VI, VII||Two papers on one subject to be selected by the candidate from the list of optional subjects below (250 marks for each paper) ||500
|-
|colspan="2"| '''Sub Total (Written Test)''' || '''1750'''
|-
|colspan="2"| Personality Test (Interview) ||275
|-
|colspan="2"| '''Total Marks''' || '''2025'''
|}

==== List of languages ====
The examination is more than the following languages, with the name of the script in brackets:<ref name=2015notice>{{cite web |url= http://www.upsc.gov.in/exams/notifications/2015/CSP_2015/CSP_2015_eng.pdf |title= Civil Services Examination, 2015 |publisher=Union Public Services Commission |date= 23 May 2015 |access-date=23 June 2016 |page=5}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Assamese language|Assamese]] ([[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]])
* [[Bengali language|Bengali]] ([[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]])
* [[Bodo language|Bodo]] ([[Devanagari]])
* [[Dogri language|Dogri]] (Devanagari)
* [[English language|English]] ([[English alphabet|English]])
* [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] ([[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]])
* [[Hindi]] (Devanagari)
* [[Kannada]] ([[Kannada alphabet|Kannada]])
* [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] ([[Persian alphabet|Persian]])
* [[Konkani language|Konkani]] (Devanagari)
* [[Maithili language|Maithili]] (Devanagari)
* [[Malayalam]] ([[Malayalam script|Malayalam]])
* [[Meithei language|Manipuri]] (Bengali)
* [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (Devanagari)
* [[Nepali language|Nepali]] (Devanagari)
* [[Odia language|Odia]] ([[Odia alphabet|Odia]])
* [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Gurmukhī alphabet|Gurumukhi]])
* [[Sanskrit]] (Devanagari)
* [[Santali language|Santhali]] (Devanagri or [[Ol Chiki alphabet|Ol Chiki]])
* [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] (Devanagari or [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]])
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ([[Tamil script|Tamil]])
* [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ([[Telugu script|Telugu]])
* [[Urdu]] (Persian)
{{div col end}}

==== Optional subjects ====
The subjects available for Papers VI and VII are:{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Agriculture]]
* [[Animal Husbandry]] and [[Veterinary Science]]
* [[Anthropology]]
* [[Botany]]
* [[Chemistry]]
* [[Civil Engineering]]
* [[Commerce]] and [[Accountancy]]
* [[Economics]]
* [[Electrical Engineering]]
* [[Geography]]
* [[Geology]]
* [[History]]
* [[Law]]
* [[Literature]] of any one of the languages listed above
* [[Management]]
* [[Mathematics]]
* [[Mechanical Engineering]]
* [[Medical Science]]
* [[Philosophy]]
* [[Physics]]
* [[Political Science]] and [[International Relations]]
* [[Psychology]]
* [[Public Administration]]
* [[Sociology]]
* [[Urdu]]
* [[Statistics]]
* [[Zoology]]
{{div col end}}

=== Interview ===
Officially called the "Personality Test", the objective of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to evaluate the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms, this is really an assessment of not only a candidate's intellectual qualities, but also social traits and interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, and intellectual and moral integrity.

The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination, but of a natural, though directed and purposeful conversation that is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate.

The interview is not intended to test either of the specialized or general knowledge of the candidate, which has been already tested through written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study, but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own state or country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of all well-educated youth. The interview standards are very high and require thorough preparation as well as commitment.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.upsc.gov.in Union Public Service Commission official website]
* [https://www.upsc.gov.in/examinations/Civil%20Services%20%28Preliminary%29%20Examination%2C%202020 Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination 2020 official website]
* [https://www.upsc.gov.in/examinations/previous-question-papers archive of previous exams]

{{Standardized tests in India}}

[[Category:Standardised tests in India]]
[[Category:Union Public Service Commission]]
[[Category:Civil service tests in India]]
[[Category:1922 establishments in British India]]

Civil Services Examination - Revision history

Wandererkanishk at 14:16, 9 July 2021