UpdateBot at 01:14, 5 January 2022

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
'''Kaziranga National Park''' ([[Assamese language|Assamese]]: কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যান ''Kazirônga Rastriyô Uddyan,'' {{IPA-as|kaziɹɔŋa ɹastɹijɔ udːjan|IPA}}) is an Indian [[National park of India|national park]] and a [[World Heritage Site]] in [[Golaghat district|Golaghat]] and [[Nagaon district]]s of [[Assam]], [[India]]. It is refuge for the world's largest population of [[one-horned rhinoceros|Great One-horned Rhinoceros]]. Kaziranga has the highest density of [[Bengal tiger|tiger]]s in the World. The park has many [[Asian Elephant|Elephant]], [[Asiatic Water Buffalo|Water Buffalo]] and [[Swamp Deer]] and is an [[Important Bird Area]]. The park has achieved notable progress in [[wildlife conservation]] despite several constraints.

Kaziranga is a vast stretch of tall [[elephant grass]], [[marshland]] and dense [[tropical moist broadleaf forests]] crisscrossed by four main rivers—[[Brahmaputra river|Brahmaputra]], [[River Diphlu|Diphlu]], [[River Mora Diphlu|Mora Diphlu]] and [[River Mora Dhansiri|Mora Dhansiri]] and has numerous [[beel|small water bodies]]. Kaziranga has been the theme of several books, documentaries and songs.

==Seasons==
The Middle Brahmaputra Valley is one of the rainiest places on earth (see [[Climate of India]]), and Kaziranga gets around {{convert|250|cm|in|0}} of rain per year. The park is flooded often by the Brahmaputra which is necessary for maintaining the biological balance of the park. It is not uncommon for the park to be flooded for 5–10 days at a time, and around three-quarters of the Western reaches of the park consisting of the Baguri area is annually submerged.<ref name="un">{{cite web
|title=UN Kaziranga Factsheet
|publisher=[[UNESCO]]
|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/kazirang.html
|accessdate=2007-02-23
|archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080510070553/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/kazirang.html
|archivedate=2008-05-10
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

The park roughly experiences 3 seasons—summer, monsoon and winter. The dry and windy summer extends approximately from February to May with mean maximum and minimums of {{convert|37|°C|°F|0}} and {{convert|7|°C|°F|0}}, respectively. The hot and humid Monsoon season extends from June to September. During the monsoon, Kaziranga receives mean rainfall of {{convert|2220|mm|in|0}} brought by the South West monsoon. The winter, extending from November to February, is mild and dry, with the mean maximum and minimum being {{convert|25|°C|°F|0}} and {{convert|5|°C|°F|0}}, respectively.<ref name="kushwaha">Kushwaha, S.& Unni, M. (1986). Applications of remote censing techniques in forest cover monitoring and habitat evaluation - a case study at Kaziranga National Park, Assam, in, Kamat, D.& Panwar, H.(eds), Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Using Remote Sensing Techniques. [[Indian Institute of Remote Sensing]] / [[Wildlife Institute of India]], Dehra Dun. pp. 238-247</ref>

==Seasonal variation==
[[File:Assam 042.jpg|thumb|Flooded grasslands in Kaziranga with elephant and jeep trails nearby]]
Seasonal variations in the vegetation and habitat of the animal is notable in the park. During winter the shallow [[Beel]]s and [[nullah]]s (small water channel) dry up and the growth of short grasses cover up their beds. The grasses also grow around the perennial Beels. With the end of the monsoon season, herbivorous animals, especially the [[Rhinoceros]] rush in these areas for grazing.<ref name="unescoreport">{{cite journal
|title=Section II: Periodic Report on the State of Conservation of Kaziranga National Park, India
|publisher=UNESCO
|year=2003
|url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/periodicreporting/cycle01/section2/337.pdf
|accessdate=2007-02-28
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231192431/https://whc.unesco.org/archive/periodicreporting/cycle01/section2/337.pdf
|archivedate=2006-12-31
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>

In the other parts of the park the tall coarse grasses dry up by the month of December and January and are then control burnt by the park staff. After such burning some animals begin to concentrate in the burnt patches and relish the ash and the partially burnt stems of the reeds. With few winter showers fresh grass blades shoot up in the burnt patches attracting larger number of animals to these areas.<ref name="unescoreport"/>

With the onset of the summer season the grasses in the burnt patches grow up quickly and the tender shoots turn into coarse blades, which no longer attract the animals. The temperature also goes up and the animals prefer to remain near the water sources especially around the numerous perennial beels and water streams inside the park.<ref name="unescoreport"/>

During the monsoon, the shallow Beels and the nullahs start to get filled up, firstly by the monsoon showers and later by the floodwaters. The animals gradually start moving towards higher grounds, which are situated around the tree forests. When the flood water covers most of the areas the animals migrate to the nearby Karbi Anglong Hills and other adjoining areas.<ref name="unescoreport"/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{Kaziranga National Park}}

[[Category:Kaziranga National Park]]
[[Category:Climate of India|Kaziranga]]

Climate of Kaziranga National Park - Revision history

UpdateBot at 01:14, 5 January 2022