Bot at 19:23, 18 November 2022

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{{short description|British government official}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Lord Wigram
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|GCVO|CSI|PC}}
| image =
| imagesize = 150px
| order = [[Private Secretary to the Sovereign]]
| term_start = 1931
| term_end = 1936
| monarch = [[George V]]
| predecessor = [[Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham|The Lord Stamfordham]]
| successor = [[Alexander Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Sir Alexander Hardinge]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1873|07|05|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1960|09|03|1873|07|05|df=y}}
| death_place =
| nationality = British
| party =
| religion =
| alma_mater = [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]]
| spouse = Nora Wigram (née Chamberlain)
| children = 3
| allegiance = United Kingdom
| branch = [[British Army]]<br />[[British Indian Army]]
| rank = [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]]
| battles = [[Tirah Expedition]]<br />[[Second Boer War]]
| education = [[Winchester College]]
}}
'''Clive Wigram, 1st Baron Wigram''', <small>{{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCB|GCVO|CSI|PC|FZS}}</small> (5 July 1873 – 3 September 1960) was a [[British Indian Army]] officer and courtier. He was [[Private Secretary to the Sovereign]] from 1931 to 1936.

==Parentage and education==
Wigram was the son of Herbert Wigram. His grandfather the Reverend William Pitt Wigram was the ninth and youngest son of [[Sir Robert Wigram, 1st Baronet]], who was a prominent merchant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Wigram, 1st Baron, (Clive Wigram) (1873–3 Sept. 1960)|url=https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-244441|access-date=2021-04-03|website=WHO'S WHO & WHO WAS WHO|year=2007|language=en|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u244441|isbn=978-0-19-954089-1}}</ref> Clive was educated at [[Winchester College]], of which he later became a [[Fellow]].<ref name=":0" /> After Winchester, he attended the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]].

==Military career==
After passing out from the Royal Military Academy in 1893, Wigram was commissioned a second lieutenant on 4 October.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26446/pages/5553 London Gazette, 3 October 1893]</ref> Wigram served in the [[Royal Artillery]] between 1893 and 1897 and in the [[British Indian Army]] from 1897. He was promoted to lieutenant on 22 September 1897 (with rank from 4 October 1896).<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26938/pages/945 London Gazette, 15 February 1898]</ref> Wigram joined the 18th (King George's Own) Bengal Lancers, and served on the [[Tirah Expedition]] in the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North West Frontier]] from 1897 to 1898. From 1899 to 1904 he was [[Aide-de-Camp]] to the [[Viceroy of India]] [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]], an office he had already filled in 1895 (under the [[Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin|Earl of Elgin]]). He resigned (temporary) in January 1900 to serve with [[Kitchener's Horse]] in the [[Second Boer War]],<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27173| page=1714|date=13 March 1900}}</ref> for which he was [[mentioned in despatches]]. He was promoted to captain on 4 October 1902.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27516/pages/313 London Gazette, 16 January 1903]</ref>

==Court positions==
Between 1905 and 1906 Wigram served as Assistant [[Chief of staff (politics)|Chief of Staff]] to the [[George V|Prince of Wales]] in India.<ref name=":0" /> On 19 March 1906, he was promoted to the brevet rank of [[major]]<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27896/pages/1973 London Gazette, 20 March 1906]</ref> and was appointed [[Equerry]] to the Prince of Wales, an office he held until the Prince became King in 1910. Promoted to the substantive rank of major on 4 October 1911,<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28552/pages/8451 London Gazette, 21 November 1911]</ref> while in India he played [[first-class cricket]] for the [[Europeans cricket team|Europeans club]]. Wigram then served as Assistant Private Secretary and Equerry to the King from 1910 to 1931. He was promoted to the brevet rank of [[lieutenant colonel]] on 3 June 1915.<ref>[http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29180/supplements/5331 London Gazette, 3 June 1915]</ref> In 1915 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and later to [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] [[colonel]]. In 1919 he was promoted to colonel.

In 1931 Wigram was promoted to [[Private Secretary to the Sovereign]] and held office until he retired in 1936.<ref name=":0" /> He also served as [[Royal Archives|Keeper of the Archives]] from 1931 to 1945,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=37019 |date=6 April 1945 |page=1851 }}</ref> as an Extra Equerry from 1931 until his death, as a Permanent [[Lord in Waiting]] from 1936 to 1960 and Deputy [[Constable]] of [[Windsor Castle]] from 1936 to 1945. Apart from his careers in the Army and at court he was also a Fellow of the [[Royal Geographical Society]] and of the [[Zoological Society of London]], President of [[Westminster Hospital]] and Governor of [[Wellington College (Berkshire)|Wellington College]] and [[Haileybury and Imperial Service College|Haileybury]]. He was the first president of the Gloucestershire [[Boy Scouts Association|Boy Scouts]]<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=040-d4925&cid=-1&Gsm=2008-06-18#-1 www.nationalarchives.gov.uk]</ref>

Wigram was made a [[Companion of the Order of the Bath]] 1918,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30723 |date=3 June 1918 |page=6528 |supp=y}}</ref> a [[Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] in 1931<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33722 |date=3 June 1931 |page=3626 |supp=y}}</ref> and a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] in 1933.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33946 |date=3 June 1933 |page=3802 |supp=y}}</ref> He also became a [[Member of the Royal Victorian Order]] in 1903,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27539 |date=31 March 1903 |page=2140}}</ref> a [[Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] in 1915,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=29024 |date=1 January 1915 |page=3 |supp=y}}</ref> a [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] 1928<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33343 |page=6 |date=2 January 1928 |supp=y}}</ref> and a [[Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]] in 1932 and made a [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] in 1911.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28559 |date=12 December 1911 |page=9358 |supp=y}}</ref> He was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1932 and in 1935 he was raised to the peerage as '''Baron Wigram''', of Clewer in the County of Berkshire.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34175 |date=28 June 1935 |page=4160}}</ref> He was further honoured in 1937 when he received the [[Royal Victorian Chain]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=34396 |date=11 May 1937 |page=3083 |supp=y}}</ref> He also received the [[Royal Household Long and Faithful Service Medal]] with 30 year service bar for His service to the Royal Family.

==Family==
Lord Wigram married Nora Mary, the daughter of [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain]], in 1912. She died in 1956. He survived her by four years until he died in 1960 aged 87. The couple had three children:
*Anne Wigram (1913–1958). She married and had three sons.
*[[Neville Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram|(George) Neville Clive Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram]] (1915–2017) who succeeded to his father's barony.
*The Hon. Francis Clive Wigram (1920–1943{{KIA}}). He was a [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] in the 6th Bn. [[Grenadier Guards]], as which he was killed on 12 September 1943 during the [[Allied invasion of Italy#Salerno landings|Allied invasion]] of [[Salerno]] in Italy during the [[Second World War]]. He is buried at Salerno War Cemetery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/2604217/wigram,-the-hon.-francis-clive/|title = Casualty Details | CWGC}}</ref> He was educated at [[Winchester College]], like his father and brother, and his name is on the school's [[Winchester College War Cloister|War Cloister]].<ref>{{cite web|title=WIGRAM, FRANCIS CLIVE|url=http://www.winchestercollegeatwar.com/archive/wigram-francis-clive/|publisher=winchestercollegeatwar.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/14/14898/14898.html CricketArchive profile]

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{{s-court}}
{{succession box | title=[[Private Secretary to the Sovereign]] | before=[[Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham|The Lord Stamfordham]] | after=[[Alexander Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Sir Alexander Hardinge]] | years=1931–1936}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-new|creation }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Baron Wigram]] | years=1935–1960}}
{{s-aft | after=[[George Wigram, 2nd Baron Wigram|George Wigram]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wigram, Clive Wigram, 1st Baron}}
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Artillery officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Tirah campaign]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Second Boer War]]
[[Category:Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Zoological Society of London]]
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]]
[[Category:Permanent Lords-in-Waiting]]
[[Category:Europeans cricketers]]
[[Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers]]
[[Category:Private Secretaries to the Sovereign]]
[[Category:Assistant Private Secretaries to the Sovereign]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:English cricketers]]
[[Category:A. J. Webbe's XI cricketers]]
[[Category:Barons created by George V]]

Clive Wigram 1st Baron Wigram - Revision history

Bot at 19:23, 18 November 2022