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{{about|the village in Goa|the British mathematician|Colva Roney-Dougal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Colvá
| other_name = Praia da Colvá
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Beach of Colva, India.jpg
| image_caption = Colvá beach
| nicknames = Saxttiche Yead, White Sand Beach
| pushpin_map = India Goa#India
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Colvá in [[Goa]]
| coordinates = {{coord|15|16|34|N|73|55|02|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country (1961 to Present)
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Goa]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[South Goa]]
| subdivision_type3 = Sub-district
| subdivision_name3 = [[Salcete]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1.1
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postcode
| postal_code = 403708
| area_code = +91 832
| website =
}}

'''Colvá''' is a coastal village in [[Salcete]], south [[Goa]], on the west coast of [[India]]. [[Colva Beach]] stretches for around 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi), part of a beach consisting of about 25 kilometres (16 mi) of white sand, extending from Bogmalo in the north to Cabo de Rama in the south.

The village had significant importance to [[Portugal]] and was the retreat for Goa's high society, who would come to Colvá for their {{Lang|pt|mundanca}} or change of air. Today the Portuguese area is dotted with houses or villas, including many ruins. On weekends, huge crowds of tourists, visitors from around the world as well as local [[Indian people|Indian]]s, enjoy the sunset and various activities. The beach is particularly busy in October, when hordes of religious [[pilgrims]] come and visit Colvá Church, called {{Lang|pt|Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Merces}}, that was founded in 1630 by the Roiz family and rebuilt in the eighteenth century on the village square.

The local people have been fishermen since the mid-16th century. They include [[Hindu]] converts as well as migrants from various [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] overseas territories such as [[Angola]], [[Mozambique]], [[Brazil]], etc. as well as Portugal itself.

==History==
Colvá was a vast barren uninhabited land with a scenic Arabian Sea beach that had beach plants such as ''[[scaevola sericea]]'' until a few Harim (fisherfolk community) settled there as migrants, primarily in the neighbouring village of [[Benaulim]]. The [[Mughal Empire]], and the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]] preferred the north and hilly regions of [[Goa]], where they built forts and defences, rather than the coastal belt, and hence had not settled the barren land of Colvá. It was the Portuguese conquest which established the western regions of South Goa as a full-fledged human settlement.

Colvá was under Portuguese administration, as the Province of Portuguese-Goa, from 1510 until 1961 (and was still under dispute and represented in the Parliament of Portugal till 1974/75). It was the village of the Portuguese Roiz family, the descendants of D. [[Diogo Rodrigues]], and its villagers. The village had belonged since 1550 to D. Diogo Rodrigues, who was the Lord of Colvá (Landlord of Colvá). He built the first [[Portugal|Portuguese]] architecture residential house in 1551 facing away from the sea and at a distance from the shore to avoid any enemy attacks from the Arabian Sea. The entire beach called {{Lang|pt|Praia da Colvá|italic=no}} belonged to him.

In the 18th century, one of Diogo's descendants, Sebastião José Roiz, ordered the village people to plant coconut trees along the entire coastline, which the villagers thought was a waste of time as the soil was white and thus infertile and unable to sustain their growth. However today the shore line is fringed by those plantations of coconut trees. The entire Colvá shore and beach property as far as Betalbatim was inherited by various descendants of the Roiz family until the late 20th century, after which parts were handed over to the Government of Goa under the post-1974 Indian administration following the 1961 annexation of [[Goa]] by [[India]]. The rest of the land was sold.

[[File:Colva Church.jpg|thumb|left|{{Lang|pt|Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Merces}}]]
Colvá is still famous for the whitewashed Our Lady Of Mercy church, also known as {{Lang|pt|Igreja de Nossa Senhora das Merces}}, that was founded in 1630 and rebuilt in the eighteenth century in the village square. It houses the miraculous statue of {{Lang|pt|Menino Jesus}} (Baby Jesus), which was introduced by a [[Jesuit]] missionary and which is believed to have healing powers. According to local legend, the statue at Our Lady of Mercy church was found in the mid-seventeenth century along the coast of [[Mozambique]] after Rev Fr. Bento Ferreira and his party had been shipwrecked off the coast. After swimming to safety, they spotted it as it was washed ashore after being dumped into the sea by Muslim pirates. In 1648 when Father Ferreira was posted to Colvá, he placed the statue on the altar, and it soon started drawing large crowds of devotees as it granted their favours. The {{Lang|pt|Menino Jesus}} statue is kept for public viewing in October for the annual {{Lang|pt|Fama}} ('Fame') festival for which thousands of people assemble. This is the only time that it is removed from the triple-vault locks of the church. It is then dipped into a nearby river after a procession, and the pilgrims use this water for anointment and good luck.

==Demographics and geography==

===Location===
Colvá has an average elevation of {{convert|1.1|m|ft}}. Its main village market is located behind the church, which is about {{convert|abbr=on|2.3|km|mi}} away from the beach; there are various other shops at the cross road near the [[beach]]. Colvá recognises three beaches; firstly the main Colvá beach which is the prime beach, secondly Sunset beach (towards Betalbatim) which is less congested, and thirdly Baywatch beach (towards Benaulim at Sernabatim). Colvá is {{convert|abbr=on|8|km|mi|sp=us}} from [[Margao]] and {{convert|abbr=on|40|km|mi|sp=us}} from [[Panajim]]. The closest railway station is in [[Margao]] followed by [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]. The airport is [[Dabolim Airport]] (GOI) at [[Vasco da Gama, Goa]]. The neighbouring villages are Betalbatim and [[Benaulim]] and the nearest city [[Margao]].

Distances around Goa (from Colva):
Margao - {{convert|abbr=on|8|km|mi}},
Vasco - {{convert|abbr=on|35|km|mi}},
Mapusa - {{convert|abbr=on|53|km|mi}},
Calangute - {{convert|abbr=on|56|km|mi}},
Ponda - {{convert|abbr=on|28|km|mi}},
Dabolim Airport - {{convert|abbr=on|28|km|mi}},
Panjim - {{convert|abbr=on|40|km|mi}},
Tiracol - {{convert|abbr=on|82|km|mi}}.

===Climate===
Colvá features a tropical monsoon climate under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. Colvá, being in the tropical zone and near the [[Arabian Sea]], has a hot and humid climate for most of the year. The month of May is the hottest, seeing day temperatures of over {{convert|abbr=on|35|°C|°F}} coupled with high humidity. The monsoon rains arrive by early June and provide a much-needed respite from the heat. Most of Colvá's annual rainfall is received through the monsoons which last till late September.

Colvá has a short winter season between mid-December and February. These months are marked by nights of around {{convert|abbr=on|21|°C|°F}} and days of around {{convert|abbr=on|28|°C|°F}}, with moderate amounts of humidity.

{{Weather box|width=auto|location = Colvá
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan high C = 31.6
| Feb high C = 31.5
| Mar high C = 32.0
| Apr high C = 33.0
| May high C = 33.0
| Jun high C = 30.3
| Jul high C = 28.9
| Aug high C = 28.8
| Sep high C = 29.5
| Oct high C = 31.6
| Nov high C = 32.8
| Dec high C = 32.4
| year high C =
| Jan mean C = 25.6
| Feb mean C = 26.0
| Mar mean C = 27.6
| Apr mean C = 29.3
| May mean C = 29.7
| Jun mean C = 27.5
| Jul mean C = 26.5
| Aug mean C = 26.4
| Sep mean C = 26.7
| Oct mean C = 27.7
| Nov mean C = 27.6
| Dec mean C = 26.5
| Jan low C = 19.6
| Feb low C = 20.5
| Mar low C = 23.2
| Apr low C = 25.6
| May low C = 26.3
| Jun low C = 24.7
| Jul low C = 24.1
| Aug low C = 24.0
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 23.8
| Nov low C = 22.3
| Dec low C = 20.6
| year low C =
| Jan precipitation mm = 0.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 0.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 1.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 11.8
| May precipitation mm = 112.7
| Jun precipitation mm = 868.2
| Jul precipitation mm = 994.8
| Aug precipitation mm = 512.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 251.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 124.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 30.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 16.7
| year precipitation mm = 2926
| Jan precipitation days = 0.0
| Feb precipitation days = 0.0
| Mar precipitation days = 0.1
| Apr precipitation days = 0.8
| May precipitation days = 4.2
| Jun precipitation days = 21.9
| Jul precipitation days = 27.2
| Aug precipitation days = 13.3
| Sep precipitation days = 13.5
| Oct precipitation days = 6.2
| Nov precipitation days = 2.5
| Dec precipitation days = 0.4
| year precipitation days = 90.1
| unit precipitation days =
| Jan sun = 313.1
| Feb sun = 301.6
| Mar sun = 291.4
| Apr sun = 288.0
| May sun = 297.6
| Jun sun = 126.0
| Jul sun = 105.4
| Aug sun = 120.9
| Sep sun = 177.0
| Oct sun = 248.0
| Nov sun = 273.0
| Dec sun = 300.7
| year sun = 2842.7
| source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organisation]] ([[United Nations|UN]])
}}

===Language===
The [[Saxtti]] dialect of [[Konkani language|Konkani]], belonging to the Indo-European family of languages, is the local language and spoken widely by the people of Colvá. Konkani is primarily written in the [[Latin script]] in Colvá. Portuguese is spoken by the elite and older generations including the ones with Portuguese ancestry. English is spoken by all and is compulsorily taught in schools. Hindi is spoken by migrants after the [[Invasion of Goa]] and is spreading in all regions of Goa.

== Colva Beach ==
{{Main|Colva Beach}}
{{Infobox landform
| name = Colva Beach
| other_name =
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| type = Beach
| free_label_1 = Patrolled by
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Colva beach stretches for around 2.4 km, part of a beach consisting of about 25 km of powder white sand, lined along its shore by coconut palms, and extending as far as [[Bogmalo Beach]] to the north and [[Cabo de rama Beach]] to the [[South Goa]]'s coastline.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goacentral.com/Goabeaches/colva.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125110122/http://goacentral.com/Goabeaches/colva.htm |archive-date=25 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Colva is now a famous tourist destination, enjoyed for its beach. The tourist industry is well developed with many budget hotels, guest houses, beach shacks, food stalls, small restaurants and pubs and bars, although these developments have not extended in any large degree to the nightlife. The beaches are constantly monitored by lifeguards and the swimming areas flagged with coloured flags accordingly. Being one of the famous beaches of Goa, this beach is highly crowded most of the time of the year. With a majority of its visitors being domestic Indian visitors this beach is mostly neglected by foreigners.<ref>http://www.goaholidayguide.com/beaches/colva-beach-goa.php</ref>

==Travel==
The nearest airport is [[Dabolim Airport]] which is about 21 km away. The nearest railway station is Madgoan junction railway station, 20 minutes' drive away. Colva beach can be reached from Margao by bus. Private transport is also available.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goa.me/colva/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807170405/http://goa.me/colva/ |archive-date=7 August 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Culture==

===Religion===
Colvá is predominantly Roman [[Catholic]] and has [[Hindus]] as well as [[Muslims]]. The recently constructed Mangueshi [[temple]] is the presence of a growing Hindu population in Colvá. The main village church has various masses and [[novenas]] at various times of the year. The traditions of {{Lang|kok|saibin}} or [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mother of Jesus]] visiting each one's home is still continued. The traditional feast called {{Lang|pt|Fama}} is celebrated on the 2nd Monday of October every year, and pilgrims from around the world take part.

===Food and beverages===
Colvakars, or people from Colvá, love fish and seafood. The cuisine is influenced by Hindu God Saraswat Brahmin origins and four hundred years of Portuguese governance and recently a blend of modern techniques. The locals enjoy rice with fish curry ({{Lang|kok|xitt kodi}} in Konkani), which is the staple diet in Goa. Colvá cuisine is famous for its rich variety of fish dishes cooked with elaborate recipes. Coconut and coconut oil are widely used in cooking along with chili peppers, spices and vinegar, giving the food a unique flavour. Various seafood delicacies include [[Indo-Pacific king mackerel|kingfish]] ({{Lang|kok|visvonn}}, the most common delicacy), [[pomfret]], shark, tuna and mackerel. Among the shellfish are crabs, prawns, tiger prawns, lobster, squid and mussels. Colvá food has pork dishes such as [[vindaloo]], [[Goan chouriço|chouriço]] and [[sorpotel]]. Beef dishes and chicken [[xacuti]] are cooked for major occasions amongst the Catholics. [[Sanna (dish)|Sannas]] are relished. A rich egg-based, multi-layered sweet dish known as [[bebinca]] is a favourite at Christmas. {{Lang|pt|Rissóis de camarão}}, beef croquettes, fried mussels and semolina prawns are favourite starters.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}

The most popular alcoholic beverage in Goa and enjoyed in Colvá is [[Feni (liquor)|feni]]. Cashew feni is made from the fermentation of the fruit of the cashew tree, while coconut feni is made from the sap of toddy palms. The people also drink wine, especially on feast days.

==See also==
* [[Diogo Rodrigues]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Colva}}
{{Wikivoyage|Colva}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121125110122/http://goacentral.com/Goabeaches/colva.htm "GoaCentral.Com - Colva Beach"]
* [http://www.goatourism.gov.in/festivals/christian-festivals/197-colva-fama "Colva Fama"] at GoaTourism.gov.in
* [http://indiatourism.ws/goa/colva/ Colva Photographs, 2012]

{{Localities in and around Margao}}

[[Category:Villages in South Goa district]]
[[Category:Comunidades of Goa]]
[[Category:Beaches of South Goa district]]
[[Category:Beaches of Goa]]

Colva - Revision history

>Rubbish computer at 12:46, 23 July 2021