Ajay Kumar at 21:03, 30 August 2023

2023-08-30T21:03:03Z

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{{Short description|Competitive contact sport involving combat}}
{{Redirect|Combat Sports|[[The Vaccines]]' album|Combat Sports (album)}}
{{see also|Contact sport}}

A '''combat sport''', or '''fighting sport''', is a [[contact sport]] that usually involves one-on-one [[combat]]. In many combat sports, a contestant wins by scoring more points than the opponent, submitting the opponent with a hold, disabling the opponent (''knockout'', KO), or attacking the opponent in a specific or designated technique. Combat sports share a long history with the [[martial arts]].

Some combat sports (and their national origin) include [[boxing]] (Greek-British), [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]] (Japanese-Brazilian), [[catch wrestling]] (British-American), [[jujutsu]] (Japanese), [[judo]] (Japanese), [[freestyle wrestling]] (British-American), [[Greco-Roman wrestling]] (French), [[karate]] (Chinese-Okinawan-Japanese), [[kickboxing]] (numerous origins, mainly Southeast Asian), [[Lethwei]] (Burmese), [[mixed martial arts]] (numerous origins), [[Muay Thai]] (Thai), [[Sambo (martial art)|sambo]] (Soviet/Russian), [[sanda (sport)|sanda]] (Chinese), [[savate]] (French), [[taekwondo]] (Korean), [[Vale Tudo]] (Brazilian), [[pankration]] (Ancient Greek), [[Luta Livre]] (Brazilian), and [[folk wrestling]] (various).

== History ==
[[File:Arte romana, Lottatori, 1-100 circa da un originale del III secolo a.C. 02.JPG|thumb|right|300px|[[The Pancrastinae]] statue demonstrates the [[pankration|pancratium]], which being similar to modern MMA featured a strong grappling element. This statue is a Roman copy of a lost Greek original, circa 3rd century BCE.]]
{{further information|History of martial arts}}
{{See also| History of physical training and fitness}}
[[Image:Angkor_Wat.-_Battle_of_Devas_and_Asuras_(4).jpg|thumb|Two martial artists sparring in ancient [[Cambodia]] as depicted at the [[Bayon]] temple]]
[[Folk wrestling|Traditional styles of wrestling]] exist in most cultures; [[wrestling]] can be considered a [[cultural universal]]. [[Boxing]] contests date back to ancient [[Sumer]] in the 3rd millennium BCE and [[ancient Egypt]] ''circa'' 1350 BCE.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Boxing|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/boxing|website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|access-date=May 12, 2018|language=en}}</ref> The [[ancient Olympic Games]] included several combat-related sports: [[Hoplitodromos|armored foot races]], boxing, wrestling, and [[pankration]], which was introduced in the [[Olympic Games]] of 648 BCE.

In [[ancient China]], combat sport appeared in the form of [[lei tai]]. It was a no-holds barred combat sport that combined boxing and wrestling. There is evidence of similar combat sports in ancient Egypt, [[History of India|India]] and [[History of Japan|Japan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Brownell|first=Susan Elaine|title=The olympic movement on its way into Chinese culture|date=1990|publisher=[[University of California, Santa Barbara]]|pages=29, 63|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ita1AAAAIAAJ&q=ancient+leitai|language=en|quote=In both ancient China and Greece, the most popular sports were probably wrestling, boxing, and combinations thereof (Greek pankration, Chinese leitai). The same might be argued for ancient Egypt, India and Japan. [...] In both ancient China and Greece, the no-holds-barred combat sport (Greek pankration, Chinese leitai) was probably the most popular one.}}</ref>

Through the [[Middle ages]] and [[Renaissance]], the [[Tournament (medieval)|tournament]] was popular. Tournaments were competitions that featured several mock combat events, with [[jousting]] as a main event. While the tournament was popular among [[Aristocracy (class)|aristocrats]], combat sports were practiced by all levels of society. The [[German school of fencing|German school]] of late medieval martial arts distinguished sportive combat (''schimpf'') from serious combat (''ernst''). In the [[German Renaissance]], sportive combat competitions were known as [[Fechtschule]]n, corresponding to the [[Prize Playing]] in [[Tudor England]]. Out of these Prize Playing events developed the English [[boxing]] (or ''prizefighting'') of the 18th century, which evolved into modern boxing with the introduction of the [[Marquess of Queensberry rules]] in 1867.

[[Amateur boxing]] has been part of the modern Olympic Games since their introduction in 1904. [[Professional boxing]] became popular in the United States [[Boxing in the 1920s|in the 1920s]] and experienced a "golden age" [[Boxing in the 1950s|after World War II]].

The creation of [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu|Brazilian jiu-Jitsu]] is attributed to the [[Gracie family|Gracie]] family of Brazil in 1925 after Asian martial arts were introduced to Brazil. [[Vale-tudo]], wrestling, [[Muay Thai]] kickboxing and luta livre gained popularity.
Modern Muay Thai was developed in the 1920s to 1930s. [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]] was introduced in the [[Soviet Union]]. Modern [[Taekwondo]] also emerged after the [[Japanese occupation of Korea]] and became an Olympic sport in 2000. [[Sanshou]] as part of [[Wushu (sport)|modern wushu]] was developed in the [[People's Republic of China]] since the 1950s. [[Kickboxing]] and [[full contact karate]] were developed in the 1960s and became popular in Japan and the West during the 1980s and 1990s. Modern MMA developed out of the interconnected subcultures of [[Vale Tudo]] and [[shoot wrestling]]. It was introduced in Japan in the form of [[Shooto]] in 1985, and in the United States as [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC) in 1993. The [[Mixed martial arts rules#Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts|Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts]] were introduced in 2000, and the sport experienced peak popularity in the 2000s. During this period, multiple brands and promotions were established. The most well-known promotion for MMA is UFC.

[[File:José Aldo vs. Conor McGregor, UFC 189 World Tour London.jpg|thumb|363x363px|[[Conor McGregor]], [[José Aldo]], and [[Dana White]] at a press conference for [[UFC 194|the fight between McGregor and Aldo]]. This shows the two fighters posing for media, increasing revenue and interest in the fight.]]

== Popularity by gender ==
[[File:Hamid-Amni.jpg|thumb|Iranian Kickboxer, Hamid Amni, during the Asian Kickboxing championships 2017]]
Combat sports are generally more popular among men as athletes and spectators. For many years, participation in combat sports was practically exclusive to men; [[USA Boxing]] had a ban on women's boxing until 1993.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Boxing/About-Us/History-of-Amateur-Boxing.aspx|title=History of Amateur Boxing|work=Team USA|access-date=2018-03-21|language=en}}</ref> A study conducted by Greenwell, Hancock, Simmons, and Thorn in 2015 revealed that combat sports had a largely male audience.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Greenwell, Hancock, Simmons, Thorn|year=2015|title=The effects of gender and social roles on the marketing of combat sport.|journal=Sport Marketing Quarterly|volume=24|issue=1|page=19|issn=1061-6934}}</ref>

== List ==
===Unarmed===
====Striking====
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Karate]]
**[[Yoshukai]]
** [[Kyokushin]]
** [[Shotokan]]
** [[Chito-ryu]]
** [[Genseiryu]]
** [[Goju-ryu]]
** [[Seidokaikan]]
** [[Shindo Jinen-ryu]]
** [[Shito-ryu]]
** [[Shorin-ryu]]
** [[Shukokai]]
** [[Shuri-ryu]]
** [[Uechi-ryu]]
** [[Wado-ryu]]
** [[Shudokan]]
** [[Ryūei-ryū]]
** [[Shōrei-ryū]]
**[[Bōgutsuki]]
**[[Shōrinji-ryū]]
**[[Shōrin-ryū Shorinkan]]
**[[Yoseikan Karate]]
**[[Seigokan]]
**[[:it:Seido juku|Seido Juku]]
**[[:it:Sankukai|Sankukai]]
**[[Shohei-ryu]]
**[[:it:Koei-Kan|Koei Kan]]
**[[Byakuren Kaikan]]
**[[Ashihara kaikan]]
*[[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]]
**[[Southern Dragon Kung Fu]]
**[[Monkey Kung Fu]]
**[[Jow-Ga Kung Fu]]
**[[Leopard Kung Fu]]
**[[Snake Kung Fu]]
**[[Bajiquan]]
**[[Zi Ran Men]]
**[[Bak Mei]]
**[[Emeiquan]]
**[[Mizongyi]]
**[[Mian Quan]]
**[[Chuōjiǎo]]
**[[Heihuquan]]
**[[Hung Fut]]
**[[Duan Quan]]
**[[Choy Gar]]
**[[Li Gar]]
**[[Yiquan]]
**[[Fut Gar]]
**[[Chow Gar]]
**[[Hung Ga]]
**[[Jow-Ga Kung Fu]]
**[[Drunken Kung Fu]]
**[[Drunken Monkey Kung Fu]]
*[[Boxing|Boxing and Kickboxing]]
**[[Amateur boxing]]
**[[Bare-knuckle boxing]]
**[[Professional boxing]]
**[[Pygmachia]]
**[[Pugilatus]]
**[[English Boxing]]
**[[Russian Boxing]]
**[[Dambe]]
**[[Musangwe]]
**[[Moraingy]]
**[[Chivarreto boxing]]
**[[Japanese Kickboxing]]
**[[American Kickboxing]]
**[[Dutch Kickboxing]]
**[[Muay Thai]]
**[[Muay Lao]]
**[[Muay Korat]]
**[[Muay Lopburi]]
**[[Muay Thasao]]
**[[Lethwei]]
**[[Savate]]
**[[Pradal Serey]]
**[[Adimurai]]
*[[Taekwondo|Taekwondo and Tang Soo Do]]
**[[ITF Taekwondo]]
**[[STF Taekwondo]]
**[[ATA Taekwondo]]
**[[Rhee Taekwondo]]
**[[Kukkiwon Taekwondo]]
**[[Extreme Taekwondo]]
**[[Kun Gek Do]]
**[[Tang Soo Do]]
**[[American Tang Soo Do]]
**[[Chung Do Kwan]]
**[[Soo Bahk Do]]
**[[Jidokwan]]
*[[Suntukan]]
*[[Sikaran]]
*[[Capoeira]]
*[[Engolo]]
*[[Taido]]
{{div col end}}

====Grappling====
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Folk wrestling]]
**[[Sumo]]
**[[Cornish wrestling]]
**[[Cumberland Wrestling]]
**[[Westmorland wrestling]]
**[[Lancashire wrestling]]
**[[Devon wrestling]]
**[[Collar-and-elbow wrestling]]
**[[Iranian wrestling]]
**[[Khmer traditional wrestling]]
**[[Canarian wrestling]]
**[[Leonese wrestling]]
**[[Senegalese wrestling]]
**[[Kazakh wrestling]]
**[[Backhold wrestling]]
**[[Buno (wrestling)|Buno]]
**[[Bultong]]
**[[Lutte Traditionnelle]]
**[[Jobbarer Boli Khela]]
**[[Narodno rvanje]]
**[[Gatta Gusthi]]
**[[Karakucak]]
**[[Schwingen]]
**[[Pehlwani]]
**[[Ristynės]]
**[[Ssireum]]
**[[Ringen]]
**[[Oil wrestling|Pelivan]]
**[[Bokh]]
**[[Gouren]]
**[[Barróg]]
**[[Glima]]
**[[Naban]]
**[[Dumog]]
**[[Alysh]]
**[[Khridoli]]
**[[Chidaoba]]
**[[Kurash]]
**[[Khuresh]]
**[[Tegumi]]
**[[Kene]]
**[[Malakhra]]
**[[Mukna]]
**[[Vajra-mushti]]
**[[Huka-huka]]
**[[Coreeda]]
**[[:it:Istrumpa|Sa Strumpa]]
**[[Norfolk wrestling]]
**[[Kragkast]]
**[[Calegon wrestling]]
**[[:lt:Pakištynės|Pakištynės]]
**[[:ro:Trântă|Trântă]]
**[[Tigel]]
**[[Southern Mongolian wrestling]]
**[[Mariwariwosu]]
**[[Vật cổ truyền]]
**[[Boumwane]]
**[[Hokoko]]
**[[Rongomamau]]
**[[Moana wrestling]]
**[[Popoko]]
**[[Veibo]]
**[[Taupiga]]
*[[Wrestling|Modern wrestling]]
**[[Amateur Wrestling]]
**[[Freestyle Wrestling]]
**[[Greco-Roman wrestling]]
**[[Collegiate wrestling]]
**[[Scholastic wrestling]]
**[[Catch wrestling]]
**[[Submission wrestling]]
**[[Greek wrestling]]
**[[Shoot wrestling]]
**[[Combat Wrestling]]
**[[Hayastan Freestyle Wrestling]]
**[[Sports entertainment|American pro wrestling]]
**[[Professional wrestling in the United Kingdom|British pro wrestling]]
**[[Lucha Libre]]
**[[Puroresu]]
* [[Jujutsu|Jujutsu and Judo]]
**[[Japanese jiu-jitsu]]
**[[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]]
**[[10th Planet jiu-jitsu]]
**[[Guerrilla jiu-jitsu]]
**[[Hakko-ryu]]
**[[Shorinji Kan Jiu Jitsu]]
**[[Kodokan Judo]]
**[[Kosen Judo]]
**[[Russian Judo]]
**[[Freestyle Judo]]
**[[Mongolian Judo]]
**[[Georgian Judo]]
**[[French Judo]]
**[[Korean Judo]]
*[[Wushu (sport)|Kung Fu]]
**[[Chin Na]]
**[[Shuai Jiao]]
**[[Die Jiao]]
**[[Gi Ge]]
**[[Ndrual Dluad]]
**[[Beiga]]
*[[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]]
**[[Sambo (martial art)|Sport Sambo]]
**[[Sambo (martial art)|Freestyle Sambo]]
* [[Luta Livre Esportiva]]
* [[Aikido]]
{{div col end}}

====Hybrid====
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Mixed martial arts]]
*[[Jujutsu|Jujutsu and Judo]]
**[[Combat jiu-jitsu]]
** [[German Ju-Jitsu]]
** [[Atemi Ju-Jitsu]]
**[[Danzan-ryū|Danzan-ryu Ju-Jitsu]]
** [[Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu]]
** [[Small Circle JuJitsu]]
** [[Budoshin Ju-Jitsu]]
** [[Dait%C5%8D-ry%C5%AB Aiki-j%C5%ABjutsu]]
**[[Kyushin-ryū]]
** [[Gyokushin-ryū Jujutsu|Gyokushin-ryū Ju-Jitsu]]
** [[Kitō-ryū|Kito-ryu Ju-Jitsu]]
** [[Shinden Fudo-ryū|Shinden Futo-ryu Ju-Jitsu]]
**[[Taijutsu]]
**[[Atemi Judo]]
**[[:it:Kick jitsu|Kick Jitsu]]
*[[Aikido]]
**[[Real Aikido]]
**[[Iwama Ryu]]
**[[Iwama Shin Shin Aiki Shuren Kai]]
**[[Shodokan Aikido]]
**[[Yoshinkan]]
**[[Renshinkai]]
**[[Aikikai]]
**[[Ki Aikido]]
**[[Combat Hapkido]]
*[[Wushu (sport)|Wushu]]
**[[Southern Praying Mantis Kung Fu]]
**[[Northern Praying Mantis Kung Fu]]
**[[Fujian White Crane|Crane Kung Fu]]
**[[Sanda (sport)|Sanda Sanshou]]
**[[Wing Chun]]
**[[Fu Jow Pai]]
**[[Choy Li Fut]]
**[[Eagle Claw]]
*[[Taekwondo|Hybrid Taekwondo and Taekkyon]]
**[[Taekkyon]]
**[[Taekwondo#Other styles and hybrids|Han Moo Do]]
**[[Taekwondo#Other styles and hybrids|Han Mu Do]]
**[[Taekwondo#Other styles and hybrids|Teukgong Moosoool]]
**[[Yongmudo]]
*[[Boxing|Boxing and Kickboxing]]
**[[Yaw-Yan]]
**[[Ancient Bare-Knuckle Boxing]]
**[[Muay Boran]]
**[[Muay Chaiya]]
**[[Musti-yuddha]]
*[[Kempo]]
**[[Nippon Kempo]]
**[[American Kenpo]]
**[[Shorinji Kempo]]
**[[Okinawan Kempo]]
*[[Karate]]
**[[Kenko Kempo Karate]]
**[[Shidokan Karate]]
**[[Ashihara kaikan]]
**[[Enshin kaikan]]
*[[Shoot Wrestling]]
**[[Shooto]]
**[[Shootfighting]]
**[[Shootboxing]]
*[[Folk wrestling]]
**[[Inbuan]]
**[[Malla-yuddha]]
*[[Wrestling|Modern Wrestling]]
**[[Submission Arts Wrestling]]
**[[Combat Submission Wrestling]]
*[[Pankration]]
**[[Modern Pankration]]
**[[Ancient Pankration]]
*[[Gaidojutsu]]
*[[Kajukenbo]]
*[[Vale tudo]]
*[[Luta Livre]]
*[[Combat sambo]]
*[[Kūdō|Kudo]]
*[[Army Hand-To-Hand Combat]]
*[[Combat Hopak]]
*[[Angampora]]
{{div col end}}

===Armed===
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*Bladed weapons
**[[Academic fencing]]
**[[Fechtschule]]
**[[Fencing]]
**[[Historical European martial arts]]
**[[Historical medieval battles]]
**[[Kendo]]
*[[Stick-fighting]]
** [[Bâton français]]
** [[Quarterstaff]]
** [[Singlestick]]
*[[Hastilude]]
**[[Arnis]]
**[[Competitive jousting]]
*[[Shooting sports]]
**[[Airsoft]]
**[[Paintball]]
{{div col end}}

==Techniques==
The techniques used can be categorized into three domains: [[Strike (attack)|striking]], [[grappling]], and [[martial arts weapon|weapon usage]], with some [[hybrid martial arts|hybrid]] rule-sets combining striking and grappling. In combat sports the use of these various techniques are highly regulated to minimize permanent or severe physical damage to each participant though means of organized officiating by a single or multiple referees that can distribute penalties or interrupt the actions of the competitors during the competition. In weapon based sports, the weapons used are made to be non-lethal by means of modifying the striking portions of the weapon and requiring participants to wear protective clothing/armor.

== Olympics ==
{{Update|section|date=July 2021}}
* [[Amateur boxing]] (1904–2020): Boxing has been staged at every summer Olympic games since 1904 except Stockholm in 1912 due to Swedish law.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/boxing-equipment-and-history?tab=history|title=Boxing Equipment, History and Rules {{!}} Olympic.org|access-date=2016-05-17}}</ref>
* [[Judo]] (1964, 1972–2020): Judo was not included in the 1968 Mexico City summer Olympics. Women's judo was added to the Olympics in 1992 in Barcelona.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/judo-equipment-and-history?tab=history|title=Judo Equipment, History and Rules {{!}} Olympic.org|access-date=2016-05-17}}</ref>
* [[Taekwondo]] (1988 Seoul Games as demonstration sport, 2000–2020): Became an official medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/taekwondo-equipment-and-history?tab=history|title=Taekwondo Equipment, History and Rules {{!}} Olympic.org|access-date=2016-05-17}}</ref>
* Wrestling [[Greco-Roman wrestling|Greco-Roman]] (1908–2020): The first form of wrestling to be held at the Olympic Games.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/wrestling-greco-roman-equipment-and-history?tab=history|title=Wrestling Greco Roman Equipment, History and Rules {{!}} Olympic.org|access-date=2016-05-17}}</ref>
* Wrestling [[Freestyle wrestling|Freestyle]] (1920–2020): Was modified at the 2000 Sydney Games and reduced the amount of weight categories provided.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/wrestling-freestyle-equipment-and-history?tab=history|title=Wrestling Freestyle Equipment, History and Rules {{!}} Olympic.org|access-date=2016-05-17}}</ref>
* [[Pankration]] and [[singlestick]] are two other forms of combat sports that have been included in the Olympics. These combat sports were introduced to the Olympic Games in the early 1900s however singlestick was only represented at the 1904 Olympic games and pankration whilst lasting four centuries in Ancient Greek Olympia's, was not included at all after 1900.
* [[Fencing]] (1896–2020): Competitive fencing is one of the five activities which have been featured in every modern Olympic Games, the other four being athletics, cycling, swimming, and gymnastics.
* [[Olympic dueling]] (1906–1908): [[Demonstration sport]] at the [[1906 Olympics]] and [[1908 Olympics]].
* [[Karate]] (2020): Karate made its Olympic debut for [[Tokyo 2020]] under new IOC rules.

== Protective gear and clothing ==
In combat sports, victory is obtained from blows, punches or attacks to the head to a point of physical injury that the opponent is unable to continue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ama.com.au/position-statement/combat-sport-2015|title=Combat Sport - 2015|date=2015-11-21|website=Australian Medical Association|access-date=2016-05-17}}</ref> Different forms of combat sport have different rules and regulations into the equipment competitors have to wear. In Amateur boxing seen at the Olympics, competitors are permitted to wear head guards and correctly weighted padded gloves, mouth guards are optional and the canvas floor protection from a hard fall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/boxing-equipment-and-history|title=Boxing Equipment, History and Rules {{!}} Olympic.org|website=www.olympic.org|access-date=2016-05-17}}</ref> In sports such as Taekwondo, competitors are permitted to wear a trunk protector, head guard, gloves, groin guard and shin and forearm pads.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/taekwondo-equipment-and-history|title=Taekwondo Equipment, History and Rules {{!}} Olympic.org|website=www.olympic.org|access-date=2016-05-17}}</ref> Professional boxing and MMA are two of the most dangerous combat sports in the world due to the lack of protective gear worn (compared to the protected fists). Competitors in these two sports have the option to wear a mouthguard and must wear suitable gloves. The lack of protective clothing makes competitors vulnerable to concussion and further traumatic head injuries. A scientific experiment, conducted last year by Dr Andrew McIntosh of ACRISP at the Federation University of Australia, tested the impact of seven different head guards in combat sport. The results of the experiment revealed the benefits of the combination of a glove and headguard in maximising the impact energy attenuation.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/17/1113.full|title=Sign In|year=2015|pmid=26192195|last1=McIntosh|first1=A. S.|last2=Patton|first2=D. A.|journal=British Journal of Sports Medicine|volume=49|issue=17|pages=1113–7|doi=10.1136/bjsports-2015-095093|s2cid=25246456}}</ref> A study conducted by Lystad showed that combat sports with little to no protective gear such as MMA or boxing has an injury incidence rate range of 85.1–280.7 per 1000 athletes in comparison to another striking combat sport like Taekwondo which has a large amount of protective gear such as pads, headgear, mouth guard and gloves, has an injury incidence rate range of 19.1–138.8 per 1000 athletes. This means that injury rates are drastically lowered when protective gear is used.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lystad|first=Reidar|year=2015|title=Epidemiology of injuries in full-contact combat sports|journal=Australasian Epidemiologist|volume=22}}</ref>

Gear includes:
* Gloves
* Headgear
* Mouthguard
* Shin guards
* Arm guards
* Groin guard
* Trunk guard
* Wraps (material wrapped around the hand and wrist (and/or foot and ankle) that provides added alignment, support and protection)

== Fighting area ==
* Mat
:*circular layout or rectangular layout
* Ring
:*with ropes around the fighting area
::*boxing ring
:*without ropes around the fighting area
::*pit: A circle 27 feet in diameter, of which the inner 24 feet is colored blue. The next 3 feet is yellow, which is the caution area. When the fighter gets to the yellow area, he know they are getting close to stepping out-of-bounds. The last edge of the ring is the red zone, which features a 30-degree upward angle. When a fighter steps on the red area, they are stepping up slightly, letting them know they are out-of-bounds.
::*sumo ring ([[dohyō]]), sand ring
* Fenced area (generically referred to as a "cage")
** Can be round or have at least six sides. The fenced area is generally called a cage or more precisely, depending on the shape, a hexagon (if it has 6 sides) or an octagon (if it has 8 sides).
** Some replace the metal fencing with a net.

==See also==
* [[Blood sport]]
* [[Hand-to-hand combat]]
* [[Hoplology]]
* [[List of boxing films]]
* [[List of martial arts films]]
* [[Mixed martial arts]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Martial arts}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Combat Sport}}
[[Category:Combat sports| ]]
[[Category:Sports by type]]
[[Category:Individual sports]]
[[Category:Combat]]

Combat sport - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 21:03, 30 August 2023