JaimieCarrigan at 20:43, 16 December 2025

2025-12-16T20:43:47Z

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{{short description|Indian revolution organization (1935–38)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox militant organization
| name = Communist Consolidation
| native_name = कम्युनिस्ट समेकन
| leader = {{ubl|
[[Shiv Verma]]
|[[Hare Krishna Konar]]
|[[Niranjan Sengupta]]}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1935|04|26}} at [[Cellular Jail]], [[Port Blair]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman]]
| dissolved = 1938
| country = [[British Raj|British India]]
| motives = [[National liberation (Marxism)|National liberation]]
| ideology = {{ubl|
[[Communism]]
|[[Marxism–Leninism]]
|[[Revolutionary socialism]]}}
| position = [[Far-left politics|Far-left]]
| slogan = {{ubl|
"[[Inquilab Zindabad]]"
|"[[Workers of the world, unite!]]"}}
| partof = {{ubl|
[[Communism in India]]
|[[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]}}
| opponents = [[British Empire]]
}}
{{Communism in India}}

'''Communist Consolidation''' (1935{{snd}}1938) was a radical [[Communism|communist]] organization, founded by the prisoners of the [[Cellular Jail]] who were influenced by the philosophy of [[Marxism]]. In the mid-1930s, it became the largest resistance group against [[British Raj|British rule]] in the jail; this organization also led the historical 36-day [[hunger strike]] in 1937, where the British government had to bow before the demands of the political prisoners and shift them to the mainland.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2007-01-13 |title=History of Andaman Cellular Jail |url=http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm |access-date=2024-10-06 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113111037/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm |archive-date=13 January 2007 }}</ref>

== History (before 1935) ==
The history of Communist Consolidation starts before its official formation in 1935. On 12 May 1933, some of the prisoners of [[Cellular Jail]] gathered and started a [[hunger strike]], causing the deaths of [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahavir Singh]], [[Mohan Kishore Namadas]], and [[Mohit Moitra]]. The [[British Raj]] acceded to the demands of the freedom fighters to stop the hunger strike, and finally, after 46 days, the hunger strike ended on 26 June 1933.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2007-03-11 |title=www.tripurainfo.com |url=http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27 |access-date=2024-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311111509/http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27 |archive-date=11 March 2007 }}</ref>

== Formation in 1935 ==
In 1935, Communist Consolidation was founded by 39 inmates, but the main mastermind to form this group was [[Hare Krishna Konar]]. The majority of its members belong to the minority tendency of the [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[Communism|Communist]] or [[Jugantar]] part of [[Anushilan Samiti]]. Although this was a secret revolutionary group, the members of this organization swelled higher and higher.<ref name="majumdar">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=Ramesh Chandra |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=Penal Settlement in Andamans |publisher=Government of India |year=1975 |location=Delhi |pages= |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Bejoy Kumar |author-link=Bejoy Kumar Sinha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EpuAAAAMAAJ |title=In Andamans, the Indian Bastille |publisher=People's Publishing House |year=1988 |isbn=8170070775 |language=English}}</ref>

They started a study circle named ''"A Veritable University of Freedom Fighters"'' and this group also started to teach about the principles of [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]], and [[Communism]], explaining how the [[October Revolution]] happened, who was [[Karl Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels]], and finally, in 1936, the members of this organization claimed that they were fighting to uproot [[British Raj]] as well as to fight for the working class and backward class people; they understood that class struggle is equally important as freedom.<ref name=":0" />

They only used the class struggle and political slogans “[[Inquilab Zindabad]]” and “[[Workers of the world, unite!|Duniya ke Mazdooron, ek ho!]]” because they claimed that at first they were [[Nationalism|nationalist]] prisoners, but after the formation of the Communist Consolidation and reading about the principals of [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]], and [[Communism]], they started believing themselves as political prisoners.<ref name="majumdar" />

== Second hunger strike ==
The long hunger strike movement in the Andamans in July and August 1937, led by the Communists, marked an important phase in India's national struggle. As nine-tenths of the total convicts in Andaman were from Bengal, the hunger strike of Andaman prisoners caused widespread outrage in Bengal, where a strong movement for the release of political prisoners began.<ref name=":1" />

== Prominent members ==


{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
! width = "200" | Name
! width =" 300" |Involved in
! Later life
|-
| [[Ambika Chakrabarty]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], became elected to the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly (1937—1947)|Bengal Legislative Assembly]], and became a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].
|-
| [[Ananta Singh]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]]. In the late 1960s, he formed a new far-left political group, the [[Revolutionary Communist Council of India]], in [[Calcutta]], but its members committed a number of bank robberies to raise funds for the purchase of weaponry and ammunition. This time of his life is extremely controversial.
|-
| [[Bejoy Kumar Sinha]]
| [[Bhagat Singh#Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest|Lahore Conspiracy Case]] of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]]. In 1962, he contested the election from the Kanpur constituency but got defeated in that election.
|-
| [[Ganesh Ghosh]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], became the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] and the Member of the [[4th Lok Sabha]].
|-
| [[Hare Krishna Konar]]
| Begut Robbery Case of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], and during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]] he became the founding member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], the chief architect of the West Bengal land distribution, became the [[Ministry of Land & Land Revenue (West Bengal)|Minister of Land & Land Revenue]] and the Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].
|-
| [[Niranjan Sengupta]]
| Leader of the [[Barisal]] branch of the [[Dhaka Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]] and became a Member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] and During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became the Minister of Refugees, Relief and Rehabilitation, and Jails, of the [[Government of West Bengal]].
|-
| [[Satish Pakrashi]]
| [[Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], became a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Council]]. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Shiv Verma]]
| [[Bhagat Singh#Delhi Assembly bombing and arrest|Lahore Conspiracy Case]] of the [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]] and became Secretary of the Uttar Pradesh state committee. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].
|-
| [[Subodh Roy]]
| [[Chittagong armoury raid]] of the [[Jugantar|Jugantar Party]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], during the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Sudhangshu Dasgupta]]
| Mechuabazar Bomb Case of the [[Anushilan Samiti]]
| Joined the [[Communist Party of India]], later became the founder editor of the Deshhitaishee. During the [[1964 split in the Communist Party of India]], he sided with the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] and became a member of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist), West Bengal]], and also became a member of the state secretariat for a period.
|
|-
| [[Thakur Ram Singh (revolutionary)|Thakur Ram Singh]]
| Dogra Shooting Case, in which he killed a British Officer named Dogra
| Member of [[Bhagat Singh]]’s [[Hindustan Socialist Republican Association]]. Later Joined the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]].
|}

== See also ==
*[[Communist movements in India]]
*[[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
*[[Communist involvement in the Indian independence movement]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal bar|India|Communism|Socialism}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}

[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1935]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Organisations of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Communism in India]]
[[Category:Communist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Politics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]

Communist Consolidation - Revision history

JaimieCarrigan at 20:43, 16 December 2025