DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur at 17:16, 4 March 2026

2026-03-04T17:16:11Z

New page

{{Short description|1938 book by Husain Ahmad Madani}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox book
| image = Cover of Composite Nationalism and Islam.jpg
| caption =
| author = [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]]
| name = Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam
| country = India
| language = [[Urdu]]
| subjects = [[Islam in India]], [[Indian independence movement]], [[Opposition to the Partition of India]]
| publisher =
| release_date = 1938
| pages =
| media_type = Print
| isbn =
}}

'''''Composite Nationalism and Islam''''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|متحدہ قومیت اور اسلام}}}}) is a book written in 1938 by [[Hussain Ahmad Madani]], the [[Dean (education)|Dean]] of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], espousing [[composite nationalism]]: a united India for both Muslims and non-Muslims.<ref name="PeersGooptu2017">{{cite book |last1=Peers |first1=Douglas M. |last2=Gooptu |first2=Nandini |title=India and the British Empire |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780192513526 |quote=Madani, head for several decades of the Deoband training centre for theologians, strongly supported Congress nationalism and the ideal of a 'composite nationalism' within {{not a typo|an}} united India, which he thought would be more conducive to the spread and prosperity of his community over the entire subcontinent than any religious partition.}}</ref> The book [[opposition to the Partition of India|opposed the Partition of India]] and in it, Madani advocated for "the ideal of a 'composite nationalism' within a united India, which he thought would be more conducive to the spread and prosperity of his community over the entire subcontinent than any religious partition."<ref name="PeersGooptu2017"/>

The book was translated into English in 2005 by the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]].<ref name="SikkaPuriBeaman2015">{{cite book |last1=Sikka |first1=Sonia |last2=Puri |first2=Bindu |last3=Beaman |first3=Lori G. |author3-link=Lori G. Beaman |title=Living with Religious Diversity |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317370994}}</ref>

The idea of composite nationalism was and remains influential among the Muslims living in India, with the majority of them staying in independent India despite the partition, rather than migrating to the areas that separated to become Pakistan.<ref name="Oommen2008"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kidwai |first1=Rasheed |title=Why we miss scholars like Maulana Madani today |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/44385-why-we-miss-scholars-like-maulana-madani-today/ |publisher=[[Observer Research Foundation]] |date=21 September 2018}}</ref>

== Arguments ==
Asgar Ali summarized a key point of ''Composite Nationalism and Islam '':<ref name="Chitkara1988">{{cite book |last1=Chitkara |first1=M. G. |title=Converts Do Not Make a Nation |date=1998 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=9788170249825 |page=240}}</ref>
{{blockquote|Maulana Madani, who wrote a book [Composite Nationalism and Islam] persuasively argued in favour of composite nationalism by profusely quoting from the Quran the prophets shared the same territory with the unbelievers and hence their Qaumiyat was not different from those who did not believe in their message. According to Maulana Madani, the very spirit of the Koran is to encourage harmonious co-existence in a multi-cultural, multi-racial and multi-religious world.<ref name="Chitkara1988"/>}}

''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' put forth the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities.<ref name="GortJansenVroom2006"/> Rather, "Nationality is co-terminus with territory and both believers and non-believers in Islam can share the same territory and hence the same nationality.<ref name="GortJansenVroom2006">{{cite book |last1=Gort |first1=Jerald D. |last2=Jansen |first2=Henry |last3=Vroom |first3=H. M. |title=Religions View Religions: Explorations in Pursuit of Understanding |date=2006 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=9789042018587 |page=206}}</ref> Nations, the book argued, are formed on the basis of "a common motherland, language, ethnicity or colour, which brings together Muslims and non-Muslims sharing one or more of these attributes in common."<ref name="Qasmi2008">{{cite web |last1=Qasmi |first1=M. Burhanuddin |title=Maulana Madani Most Deserving of Bharat Ratna |url=http://www.asiantribune.com/node/9266 |publisher=[[Asian Tribune]] |date=24 January 2008 |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203133824/http://www.asiantribune.com/node/9266 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The proposition for a [[Partition of India]], therefore, did not have any religious justification, but was "purely political."<ref name="Ali2007">{{cite book |last1=Ali |first1=Asghar |title=Islam in Contemporary World |date=2007 |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=9781932705690 |page=61}}</ref> The text emphasized that those who wished to partition India were among the secular elite, rather than religious leaders.<ref name="Dawn2010">{{cite web |title=An anatomy of exceptionalism |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/592051 |publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=19 December 2010|quote=In his book Composite Nationalism and Islam Madani argued that 'Partition was the handiwork of the secular elite of the two communities and not of the religious leaders'.}}</ref> ''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' opines that the reason the separatists wished to create a new state is because they "were aspiring for power and hence wanted their exclusive domain".<ref name="Ali2011">{{cite web |last1=Ali |first1=Asghar |title=Islamic identity in secular India |url=http://www.milligazette.com/news/900-islamic-identity-in-secular-india-part-i |publisher=[[The Milli Gazette]] |date=9 April 2011|quote=The Ulama of Deoband opposed partition and stood by united nationalism. Maulana Husain Ahmad Madani, then chief of Jami'at-ul-Ulama-i-Hind, wrote a tract Muttahida Qaumiyyat aur Islam i.e., the Composite Nationalism and Islam justifying composite nationalism in the light of Qur'an and hadith and opposing Muslim League's separate nationalism. while the educated elite were aspiring for power and hence wanted their exclusive domain; the Ulama's priority was an independent India where they could practice Islam without fear or hindrance.}}</ref>

''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' therefore urged its readers to join the [[Indian National Congress]], as its aims were in accordance with Islamic teaching.<ref name="ملک2016"/> It implored Muslims not to join the pro-separatist All India Muslim League, which it called hypocritical.<ref name="ملک2016">{{cite web |url=https://www.humsub.com.pk/31682/fateh-muhammad-malik-5/|last1=ملک |first1=فتح محمد |title=علّامہ اقبال اور مولانا حسین احمد مدنی |publisher=ہم سب |language=Urdu |date=8 November 2016|quote=اب آئیے اقبال کی اس مختصر نظم کے جواب میں مولانا کے بیانات کی جانب۔ اسلام اور قومیت کے موضوع پر مولانا کے سیاسی بیانات کا دقتِ نظر کے ساتھ مطالعہ کرنے کے بعد اقبال نے روزنامہ "احسان" کے 9 مارچ 1938ء کے شمارہ میں مولانا کے کانگرسی اندازِنظر میں پنہاں تباہ کن مضمرات پر تفصیل کے ساتھ روشنی ڈالی تھی۔ اس بیان کی اشاعت کے بعد دونوں طرف خاموشی طاری ہو گئی تھی اور یہ تاثر پیدا ہو گیا تھا کہ مولانا نے اپنے سیاسی مؤقف کی وکالت ترک کر دی ہے۔ مگر ہوا یوں کہ سن 1940ءکی قراردادِ پاکستان کے بعد مولانا حسین احمد مدنی نے "متحدہ قومیت اور اسلام" کے عنوان سے ایک مختصر سی کتاب تصنیف کر ڈالی۔اس کتاب میں انھوں نے متحدہ ہندوستانی قومیت کی بنیاد پر اکھنڈبھارت کے کانگرسی مؤقف کے اسلامی جواز پیش کر رکھے ہیں۔ مولانا نے یہ ثابت کرنے کی کوشش کی ہے کہ پاکستان کا تصوّر اور پاکستان کی تحریک ہر دو اسلام کے منافی ہیں اس لیے اسلامیانِ ہند کو مسلم لیگ کی بجائے انڈین نیشنل کانگرس میں شامل ہو کر اپنے وطن ہندوستان کو متحد رکھنا چاہیے۔}}</ref><ref name="ملک">{{cite web |last1=ملک |first1=فتح محمد |title=علّامہ اقبال اور مولانا مدنی |url=http://ibcurdu.com/news/34855 |publisher=آئی بی سی اردو |language=Urdu |date=9 November 2016 |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110213420/http://ibcurdu.com/news/34855 |archive-date=10 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The book emphasized that keeping India united would allow Muslims to illumine non-Muslims with what they saw as the true faith.<ref name="Aslam2011">{{cite web |last1=Aslam |first1=Arshad |title=The Politics Of Deoband |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-politics-of-deoband/277847 |publisher=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=28 July 2011|quote=A closer reading of his book Composite Nationalism and Islam would tell us that he was not particularly convinced of the idea himself. In his own words, this composite nationalism would be 'temporary and special' and would only be required till the 'light of true religion (read Islam) dispels its (India's) darkness.'}}</ref>

== Influence ==
The ideas presented in ''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' were upheld by the [[Deobandi movement]], whose "priority was an independent India where they could practice Islam without fear or hindrance."<ref name="Ali2011"/>

Madani traveled across [[British India]] spreading the idea of composite nationalism, which opposed the concept of a partition of India.<ref name="Kumar1992">{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Pramod |title=Towards Understanding Communalism |date=1992 |publisher=Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development |isbn=9788185835174 |page=22 |quote=His consciousness was not transformed into communal consciousness, so much so that the Muslim League 'goondas' attacked him several times. For instance, in 1945, Maulana Hussain Ahmad Madani was touring India to plead for composite nationalism and for opposing the idea of partition. Near Moradabad railway station Muslim League 'goondas' threw Keechar (marshy water) on him.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Engineer |first1=Asgharali |title=Ethnic conflict in south Asia |date=1987 |publisher=Ajanta Publications |page=28 |quote=At one time, in 1945, Maulana Hussain Ahmad Madani was touring throughout India to plead for composite nationalism and for opposing the idea of partition: once he was coming out of the railway station near Moradabad, and Muslim League goondas threw keechar (marshy water) on him.}}</ref> While he was doing this, members of the pro-separatist Muslim League tried to intimidate Madani and disturb his rallies.<ref name="Kumar1992"/> The idea of composite nationalism was nevertheless influential among the Muslims living in British India, with the majority of them staying in India after the partition, rather than migrating to the areas that separated to become Pakistan.<ref name="Oommen2008">{{cite book |last1=Oommen |first1=T. K. |title=Reconciliation in Post-Godhra Gujarat: The Role of Civil Society |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131715468 |page=14}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Madani–Iqbal debate]]
*[[All India Azad Muslim Conference]]
*[[Hindu–Muslim unity]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://wordery.com/composite-nationalism-islam-maulana-hussain-9788173045905 {{Nastaliq|متحدہ قومیت اور اسلام}} ''Composite Nationalism and Islam'']
*[https://www.academia.edu/35905107/NATIONALISM_ISLAM_AND_HUSAIN_AHMAD_MADANI NATIONALISM, ISLAM AND HUSAIN AHMAD MADANI]
{{Hussain Ahmad Madani}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deobandi literature]]
[[Category:Deobandi politics]]
[[Category:1938 in British India]]
[[Category:1938 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:1938 in India]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Books about Islam in India]]
[[Category:Literature of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian books]]
[[Category:Indian religious texts]]
[[Category:Books by Hussain Ahmad Madani]]
[[Category:Urdu-language books]]

Composite Nationalism and Islam - Revision history

DnyanjyotiEducationNagpur at 17:16, 4 March 2026