Ajay Kumar at 16:59, 28 August 2023

2023-08-28T16:59:19Z

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{{Other uses}}
{{Short description|Religious community}}
{{Expand French|Couvent|date=May 2019}}
[[File:Agreda - Convento Concepcion 06.JPG|thumb|Convent of the [[Conceptionists]] in [[Ágreda]].]]
A '''convent''' is a community of [[monk]]s, [[nun]]s, [[friar]]s or [[Religious sister (Catholic)|religious sisters]]. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. The word is particularly used in the [[Catholic Church]], [[Lutheran church]]es, and the [[Anglican Communion]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Evangelisti |first1=Silvia |title=Nuns: A History of Convent Life, 1450–1700 |date=2008 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199532056 |pages=38–39 |language=English|quote=Finally, irrespective of religious beliefs, convents remained a possible model for women—Catholic as well as Protestant—to pursue. In Protestant Germany, forms of female religious associative life did not die out, but instead survived in the shape of Protestant convents. These could be governed by a Lutheran abbess, and inhabited by Lutheran nuns in religious habits who claimed membership of a monastic order, paradoxical though this may seem.}}</ref>

==Etymology and usage==
The term ''convent'' derives via Old French from Latin ''conventus'', perfect participle of the verb ''convenio'', meaning "to convene, to come together". It was first used in this sense when the eremitical life began to be combined with the cenobitical. The original reference was to the gathering of mendicants who spent much of their time travelling. Technically, a [[monastery]] is a secluded community of monastics, whereas a friary or convent is a community of [[Mendicant orders|mendicants]] (which, by contrast, might be located in a city), and a [[canonry]] is a community of [[canon regular|canons regular]]. The terms [[abbey]] and [[priory]] can be applied to both monasteries and canonries; an abbey is headed by an [[abbot]], and a priory is a lesser dependent house headed by a [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|prior]]. In the [[Middle Ages]], convents often provided to women a way to excel, as they were considered inferior to men.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Julie |title=Nuns: powerful women of the Middle Ages |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/multimedia/monastic-life-_nuns--powerful-women-of-the-middle-ages/45905498 |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=[[Swissinfo]] |language=en}}</ref> In convents, women were educated and were able to write books and publish works on gardening or musicology.<ref name=":0" /> or on religion and philosophy. The [[Abbess]] of a convent was often also involved in decisions of [[Secular liberalism|secular life]] and interacted with politicians and businessmen.<ref name=":0" /> Unlike an [[abbey]], a convent is not placed under the responsibility of an abbot or an abbess, but of a superior or prior.

In modern English usage, since about the 19th century, the term ''convent'' almost invariably refers to a community of women,<ref>See [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=convent Etym on line]</ref> while monastery and [[friary]] are used for communities of men. In historical usage they are often interchangeable, with ''convent'' especially likely to be used for a friary. When applied to religious houses in [[Eastern Orthodoxy]] and [[Buddhism]], English refers to all houses of male religious as monasteries and of female religious as convents.

== History ==
The mendicant orders appeared at the beginning of the 13th century with the growth of cities; they include in particular the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]], the [[Franciscans]], the [[Carmelites]], and the [[Augustinians]]. While the [[Benedictine]] monks and their various variants devoted themselves to their agricultural properties, the [[mendicant friars]] settled from the start in the cities, or in the suburbs thereof, preferably in the poorer and more densely populated districts. They therefore had to adapt their buildings to these new constraints.

==See also==
{{Portal|Christianity}}
*[[Christian monasticism]]
*[[Enclosed religious orders]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Convents}}
*{{CathEncy|wstitle=Convent}}
*[http://www.sistersofcarmel.org/ Carmelite Monastery of the Sacred Hearts] — an example of a modern-day convent
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Convent}}
{{RC consecrated life}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Christian buildings and structures]]
[[Category:Convents| ]]
[[Category:Types of communities]]
[[Category:Nunneries]]

Convent - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 16:59, 28 August 2023