https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Craspedocephalus_strigatusCraspedocephalus strigatus - Revision history2026-08-03T00:20:41ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Craspedocephalus_strigatus&diff=494959&oldid=prevSharePoint Press at 10:32, 19 April 20262026-04-19T10:32:29Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Species of reptile}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| image =Horse-shoe_pitviper_Trimeresurus_strigatus.jpg<br />
| status = LC<br />
| status_system = IUCN3.1<br />
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Srinivasulu, C. |author-link=species:Chelmala Srinivasulu |author2=Srinivasulu, B. |author2-link=species:Bhargavi Srinivasulu |author3=Vijayakumar, S.P. |author3-link=species:Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar |author4=Deepak, V. |author4-link=species:Veerappan Deepak |author5=Achyuthan, N.S. |author5-link=species:Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan |date=2013 |title=''Trimeresurus strigatus'' |volume=2013 |article-number=e.T172655A1360236 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T172655A1360236.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref><br />
| genus = Craspedocephalus<br />
| species = strigatus<br />
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1842<br />
| synonyms = *''Trimesurus'' [sic] ''strigatus'' <br />{{small|Gray, 1842}}<br />
*''Atropos Darwini'' <br />{{small|[[André Marie Constant Duméril|A.M.C. Duméril]], [[Gabriel Bibron|Bibron]] & <br />[[Auguste Duméril|A.H.A. Duméril]], 1854}}<br />
*''Trigonocephalus'' (''Cophias'') ''neelgherriensis'' <br />{{small|[[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], 1854}}<br />
*''Trimesurus Nielgherriensis'' <br />{{small|— [[Richard Henry Beddome|Beddome]], 1862}}<br />
*''T''[''rigonocephalus'']. ''Darwini'' <br />{{small|— [[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1859}}<br />
*''B''[''othrops''] ''Darwini'' <br />{{small|— Jan, 1863}}<br />
*''T''[''rimeresurus'']. ''strigolus'' <br />{{small|[[William Theobald|Theobald]], 1868}}<br />
*''Crotalus Trimeres''[''urus'']. ''strigatus'' <br />{{small|— Higgins, 1873}}<br />
*''T''[''rimeresurus'']. ''strigatus'' <br />{{small|— Theobald, 1876}}<br />
*''T''[''rigonocephalus'']. ''Nilghiriensis'' <br />{{small|Theobald, 1876}}<br />
*''Lachesis strigatus'' <br />{{small|— [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896}}<br />
*''Trimeresurus strigatus'' <br />{{small|— [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1943}}<br />
*''P''[''rotobothrops'']. ''strigatus'' <br />{{small|— [[species:Fred Kraus|Kraus]], [[species:Daniel G. Mink|Mink]] & [[species:Wesley M. Brown|W.M. Brown]], 1996}}<ref name="McD99">[[species:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[species:T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref><br />
*''Trimeresurus strigatus'' <br />{{small|— [[species:Hans-Werner Herrmann|Herrmann]] et al., 2004}}<br />
*''Trimeresurus (Craspedocephalus) strigatus'' <br />{{small|— [[species:Patrick David|David]] et al., 2011}}<br />
*''Craspedocephalus strigatus'' <br />{{small|— [[Van Wallach|Wallach]] et al., 2014}}<ref name=RDB>{{EMBL species|genus=Craspedocephalus|species=strigatus}} www.reptile-database.org.</ref><br />
}}<br />
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'''''Craspedocephalus strigatus''''', [[Common name|commonly known]] as the '''horseshoe pit viper''',<ref name="Gum04">[[species:Andreas Gumprecht|Gumprecht A]], [[species:Frank Tillack|Tillack F]], [[Nikolai Liutsianovich Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], [[species:Sergei Aleksandrovich Ryabov|Ryabov S]] (2004). ''Asian Pitvipers''. (first edition). Berlin: Geitje Books. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref> is a [[species]] of [[venomous snake]] in the [[subfamily]] [[Crotalinae]] of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Viperidae]]. The species is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]]. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=634932 |taxon=''Trimeresurus strigatus ''|accessdate=27 September 2006}}</ref><br />
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==Geographic range==<br />
Endemic to the [[Western Ghats]], in [[Karnataka]], [[Tamil Nadu]], and [[Kerala]] states of [[South India]], ''C. strigatus'' is distributed in the Upper [[Nilgiri Mountains]] ([[Romulus Whitaker|Whitaker]] & [[Ashok Captain|Captain]], 2004). Historically it was misidentified and misreported from extralimital localities from both the [[Western Ghats]] and the [[Eastern Ghats]]. Perhaps this is the species of pitviper confirmed from [[India]] to have the smallest geographic range of all.<ref>[[species:Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh|Ganesh SR]], [[species:S.R. Chandramouli|Chandramouli SR]] (2018). "On the distribution of ''Trimeresurus strigatus'' Gray, 1842 – a corrective note". ''Sauria'' '''40''' (1): 87–91.</ref><br />
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The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] listed is "Cape of Good Hope?" and "Madras?" (Madras Presidency [and not the City], India). The former must be a mistake.<ref name="McD99"/> [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]] (1896) restricted the type locality to "Madras Presidency".<ref name=RDB/> <br />
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==Habitat==<br />
The preferred natural [[habitat]]s of ''C. strigatus'' are [[montane forests]], [[shola]] patches, and [[grassland]]s, at altitudes of {{cvt|1,100|–|2,400|m|ft}}.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021"/> <br />
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==Behaviour==<br />
''C. strigatus'' is [[Terrestrial animal|terrestrial]], with most of the sightings on the ground or on rock formations. It is probably [[Diurnality|diurnal]], but its natural history is poorly known.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021"/><br />
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==Diet==<br />
''C. strigatus'' [[Predation|preys]] upon [[frog]]s, smaller snakes, and small [[rodent]]s such as [[Mouse|mice]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021"/><br />
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==Description==<br />
''C. strigatus'' may be distinguished from other pit vipers of peninsular India based on the presence of small [[Internasal scales|internasals]], the second [[Labial scales|supralabial]] in contact with the [[loreal pit]], 21 rows of smooth or weakly-keeled [[dorsal scales]] at midbody, and a single row of scales between labials and [[Ocular scales|suboculars]]. The common name of the species is based on the presence of a pale buff horseshoe-shaped (i.e., inverted "U") mark on the nape. [[Dorsum (anatomy)|Dorsally]], the snake is pale brownish or buff-coloured with darker blotches of grey and some white streaks.<br />
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Of 12 snakes measured, the mean [[Snout–vent length|snout-to-vent length]] (SVL) was 24.4 ± 7.04&nbsp;cm (9.6 ± 2.8 in), the tail length (tL) was 3.5 ± 0.8&nbsp;cm (1.4 ± 0.3 in), and the weight was 172 ± 10.5 g (6 ± 0.4 oz).{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the ... Viperidæ''. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor & Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. (''Lachesis strigatus'', pp.&nbsp;549–550).<br />
*[[John Edward Gray|Gray JE]] (1842). "Synopsis of the species of Rattle-Snakes, or Family of C<small>ROTALIDÆ</small>". ''The Zoological Miscellany'' '''2''': 47-51. (''"Trimesurus'' [sic] ''strigatus''", new species, p. 49).<br />
*[[species:Hans-Werner Herrmann|Herrmann H-W]], [[Thomas Ziegler (zoologist)|Ziegler]], [[species:Anita Malhotra|Malhotra A]], [[species:Roger S. Thorpe|Thorpe RS]], [[species:Christopher L. Parkinson|Parkinson CL]] (2004). "Redescription and systematics of ''Trimeresurus cornutus'' (Serpentes: Viperidae) based on morphology and molecular data". ''Herpetologica'' '''60''' (2): 211-221.<br />
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3007099}}<br />
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[[Category:Craspedocephalus|strigatus]]<br />
[[Category:Endemic reptiles of India]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]<br />
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1842]]</div>SharePoint Press