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{{complex|date=November 2015}}
'''Crime in India''' is very common and happens in many different ways. Along with [[violent crime]]s (like [[homicide]], [[robbery]], and [[assault]]), and [[property]] crimes (like [[burglary]], [[theft]], [[motor vehicle theft]], and [[arson]]), there are major problems with [[organized crime]], the [[illegal drug trade]], [[arms trafficking]], [[corruption]], and many other forms of crime. The most common types of crimes in [[India]] are listed below.

== Organized crime ==
Organized crime is planned and done by groups of people. Their goals are to gain power and make money in [[Illegal]] ways. Common organized crimes in India include:
* [[Drug trafficking]] (moving and selling [[illegal drugs]])
* [[Gunrunning]] (getting illegal guns, sneaking them into the country, and selling them)
* [[Money laundering]]
* [[Extortion]] (telling a person that he has to pay money, or something bad will happen to him, his business, or his family)
* [[Contract killing|Murder for hire]] (killing someone for pay)
* [[Fraud]]
* [[Human trafficking]] (tricking or kidnapping people, usually children or young women, into becoming [[Slavery|slaves]])
* [[Poaching]] (killing plants or animals that are illegal to kill, then selling them)
Many criminal organizations also commit these crimes:
* [[Black market]]ing (trading or selling things on the ''black market'', which is illegal)
* Political violence (for example, trying to hurt or scare political candidates who they dislike)
* [[Religious violence]] (hurting or scaring other people because they are a different [[religion]])
* [[Terrorism]], including the [[1993 Bombay bombings]], [[2006 Mumbai train bombings]] and the [[2008 Mumbai attacks]]
* [[Abduction]] (kidnapping)

==Illegal drug trade==
India is located between the [[Golden Crescent]] (made of [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], and [[Iran]]) and the [[Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)|Golden Triangle]] (made of [[Myanmar]], [[Thailand]], and [[Laos]]). The Golden Crescent and the Golden Triangle are the two biggest makers of [[opium]] in [[Asia]].<ref name="PINM658">{{cite book
|author= P. J. Alexander
|title= Policing India in the New Millennium
|publisher= Allied Publishers
|year= 2002
|pages= p658
|isbn= 8177642073
}}</ref> (Opium can be smoked on its own, or it can be made into [[heroin]].) But their opium-making is illicit - secret and illegal. Because of India's location, a lot of this illegal opium is trafficked (snuck illegally) through India's borders.<ref name="IDPTU183">{{cite book
|author= Caterina Gouvis Roman, Heather Ahn-Redding, Rita James Simon
|title= Illicit Drug Policies, Trafficking, and Use the World Over
|publisher= Lexington Books
|year= 2007
|pages= p183
|isbn= 0739120883
}}</ref>

India is the world's largest maker of legal opium.<ref name="CIA World Factbook">{{cite web |title=CIA World Factbook - India|work=[[CIA World Factbook]]|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html |access-date=2007-12-01}}</ref> But its opium gets diverted (taken away by drug traffickers) to other countries where opium and heroin are illegal.<ref name="CIA World Factbook" />

India is a common starting point for drug traffickers who take [[heroin]] on ships from [[Southwest Asian]] countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan, and from [[Southeast Asia]]n countries like Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand.<ref name="SDSU">{{Cite web |url=http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/asia_pacific/india.html |title=India |access-date=2008-03-31 |archive-date=2012-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301161507/http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/rwinslow/asia_pacific/india.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The heroin is then [[Smuggling|smuggled]] from Pakistan and Myanmar, with some heroin also shipped through [[Nepal]].<ref name="SDSU" /> Most heroin shipped from India goes to [[Europe]].<ref name="SDSU" /> There have been reports of heroin smuggled from [[Mumbai]] to [[Nigeria]] to get the drugs to more countries.<ref name="SDSU" />

In [[Maharashtra]], [[Mumbai]] is an important centre where people sell heroin.<ref name="Molly Charles">{{cite web |title=Drug trade dynamics in India|url=http://laniel.free.fr/INDEXES/PapersIndex/INDIAMOLLY/DRUGSDYNAMICSININDIA.htm}}</ref> The most commonly used drug in Mumbai is "Indian heroin" (called ''desi mal'' by the local population).<ref name="Molly Charles" /> Both [[public transport]]ation (road and rail transportation) and private transportation are used for this drug trade.<ref name="Molly Charles" />

The [[Government of India]] has tried a few ways of fighting drug trafficking in the country. India is a party to (meaning it signed onto and agreed to follow):
* The [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]] (1961) (today, the word [[narcotic]] usually means "illegal drugs")
* The [[Convention on Psychotropic Substances]] (1971) ("psychotropic substances" are drugs that change the way the [[brain]] works; this causes changes in [[Mood|how a person feels]], [[Perception|what they think is real]], and [[Altered state of consciousness|how conscious they are]])
* The [[Protocol Amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]] (1972) (a [[Amendment|change or update]] to the original Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs)
* The [[United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances]] (1988)<ref name="IPCAWP172">{{cite book
|author= Daniel J. Koenig
|title= International Police Cooperation: A World Perspective
|publisher= Lexington Books
|year= 2001
|pages= p172
|isbn= 0739102265
}}</ref> (a [[treaty]], or agreement, among most of the countries in the [[United Nations]], and some other countries; its goal was to help enforce the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and the Convention on Psychotropic Substances)

==Arms trafficking==
According to a report published together by [[Oxfam]], [[Amnesty International]], and the [[IANSA|International Action Network on Small Arms]] ([[IANSA]]) in 2006, there are around 40 million illegal [[small arms]] in India. This would mean that India had over half of the small arms in the entire world (the world had 75 million, according to the report).<ref name=DTILLEGALARMS>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C04%5C02%5Cstory_2-4-2006_pg7_11 India home to 40 million illegal small-arms]</ref>

Most of the illegal small arms end up in the [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[Bihar]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Orissa]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name="DTILLEGALARMS" /> In India, a used [[AK-47]] costs $3,800 on the illegal black market.<ref name="HAVOCSCOPE">{{cite web|title=Small Arms Trafficking|url=http://www.havocscope.com/trafficking/smallarms.htm|access-date=2008-03-31|archive-date=2008-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128224331/http://www.havocscope.com/trafficking/smallarms.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> But a large amount of illegal small arms are made in illegal arms factories in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and sold on the black market for as little as $5.08.<ref name="DTILLEGALARMS" />

[[China|Chinese]] [[pistol]]s are in demand in the illegal small arms market in India because they are easy to get and cheaper.<ref name="DTILLEGALARMS" /> This creates a major problem for the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Maharashtra, [[West Bengal]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]]. These states are affected by [[Naxalism]].<ref name="DTILLEGALARMS" /> Naxalites are groups of [[Communist Party of India|Communist]] [[Guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] fighters in India. (Guerrilla fighters are civilians who attack a regular army.) Many Chinese pistols, AK-47s, and [[M16 rifle|M-16 rifles]] are smuggled into India through the border between India and Nepal. These weapons are then used by the Naxalites, who have ties to [[Maoism|Maoists]] in Nepal.<ref name="DTILLEGALARMS" />

==Poaching and wildlife trafficking==
Illegal [[wildlife]] trade in India has increased.<ref name=REUTERSPOACHING>[https://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSDEL8332720070817?sp=true Illegal wildlife trade grows in India]</ref> There are laws against killing some animals, taking rare plants, and smuggling them into other countries. But a report published by the [[Environmental Investigation Agency]] (EIA) in 2004 said that more traders of wildlife skins go to India than any other country.<ref name=EIATTST>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eia-international.org/files/reports85-1.pdf |title=The Tiger Skin Trail |access-date=2008-03-31 |archive-date=2007-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012162946/http://www.eia-international.org/files/reports85-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Between 1994 and 2003, there were 784 cases where the skins of [[tiger]]<nowiki/>s, [[leopard]]s, or [[otter]]s have been [[Seizure (law)|seized]] (taken away from illegal traders by police).<ref name=EIATTST/> Also between 1994 and 2003, police seized 698 otters who had been [[Poaching|poached]] (illegally taken or killed).<ref name=EIATTST/>

Poaching of [[Asian Elephant|elephants]] is a big problem in Southern India<ref name="AEEM210">{{cite book
|author= R. Sukumar
|title= The Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management
|publisher= Cambridge University Press
|year= 1989
|pages= p210
|isbn= 052143758X
}}</ref> and in the North-Eastern states of [[Nagaland]] and [[Mizoram]].<ref name="AEC30">{{cite book
|author= Charles Santiapillai, Peter Jackson
|title= The Asian Elephant: An Action Plan for Its Conservation
|year= 1990
|pages= p30
|isbn= 2880329973
}}</ref> Most tiger poaching happens in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], Uttarakhand, [[Orissa]], [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref name="IYT">{{Cite web |url=http://www.internatyearofthetiger.org/india.htm |title=The situation in India |access-date=2008-03-31 |archive-date=2008-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512154138/http://www.internatyearofthetiger.org/india.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Once they are poached, leopards, [[rhinoceros]], [[reptile]]s, [[birds]], [[insects]], and rare [[species]] of plants are smuggled into the countries in [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[People's Republic of China]].<ref name="REUTERSPOACHING" /> Often, poachers bring illegal animal skins from India to [[Kathmandu]], the [[capital city]] of Nepal, ion the way to [[Tibet]] and China.<ref name="EIATTST" /> In its report in 2004, the Environmental Investigation Agency said that there was not enough cooperation between India, [[Nepal]], and the People's Republic of China. Because these countries were not cooperating, they could not work together to enforce anti-poaching laws, and were not interested enough in fighting wildlife crime together.<ref name="EIATTST" />

On April 1, 1973, [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]] launched Project Tiger, which was first started in 1972. Project Tiger was a [[Wildlife management|wildlife conservation]] project - a project that tried to protect wildlife from being poached.<ref name="REDIFFTIGER">[http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/oct/02tiger.htm At least one tiger is killed by poachers every day]</ref> Project Tiger created 23 tiger [[Nature reserve|reserves]] (protected areas for tigers), said they had been successful, since the number of tigers in India had increased.<ref name="REDIFFTIGER" /> But [[Criticism|critics]] like conservationist Billy Arjan Singh said that tigers had only moved to India from Nepal because their [[habitat]] in Nepal had been destroyed - not because of wildlife policy in India.<ref name="REDIFFTIGER" />

==Cyber crime==
Cyber crime - crimes done by [[computer]] - are very, very common in India.<ref name=REDIFFBB>[http://www.rediff.com/netguide/2003/feb/18crime.htm Byte by Byte]</ref> Examples of cyber crime include:<ref name="REDIFFBB"/>
* Computer [[hacking]] (where a person breaks into a computer using another computer, and steals information)
* Cyber [[stalking]] (following someone all the time, using a computer, to make them feel [[Fear|scared]])
* [[E-mail]] [[fraud]] (for example, emailing people asking to send money in [[scam]]s)
* [[Spamming|Spam]] (where "spammers" get email addresses for thousands of people and send them all unwanted [[Advertising|ads]])
India has tried many things to decrease cyber crime. In May 2000, the [[Parliament]] of India passed a law called The Information Technology Act 2000 was passed by the [[Parliament of India]] in May 2000. Its goal was to decrease cyber crimes and start setting up laws to allow [[Electronic commerce|e-commerce]] (where many)ey could be exchanged electronically.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/978231.stm India cyber law comes into force]</ref> However, Pavan Duggan, a [[lawyer]] with the [[Supreme Court of India]] and cyber law expert, complained that the IT act focused too much on promoting e-commerce and not enough on dealing with cyber crimes.<ref name="REDIFFBB" /> Cyber crime cells have been set up in major cities. But Duggal said the problem is that most cases are never reported because people do not know their rights under Indian law.<ref name="REDIFFBB" />

In 2001, India and [[United States]] joined together in an Indian-US cyber security forum as part of a [[counter-terrorism]] dialogue.<ref name="TOIIUC">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1435785.cms India-US to counter cyber crime]</ref> In 2006, India and the US agreed to have their [[Police officer|law enforcement]] agencies work together more in fighting cyber crimes. They saw this as an important as part of counter-terrorism efforts.<ref name="TOIIUC" />

In 2006, [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[George W. Bush]] and [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]] met to discuss cyber security. Afterward, they held a press conference together. They said that because cyber security and cyber forensic research (like finding evidence in computers) are so important, India and the United States were also talking about a draft protocol on cyber security.<ref name="TOIIUC" />

==Corruption and police misconduct==
*[[Corruption]] is very common in India. It is common in every section and every level of Indian [[society]]. Corruption has also become a big part of Indian [[politics]]. In India, corruption takes many forms, including:
*[[Bribery|Bribes]] (for example, giving money to a government worker to get them to do something illegal)
* [[Tax evasion]] (not paying [[tax]]es)
* Not obeying [[Foreign exchange controls|exchange controls]] (rules made by the government about whether people can buy or sell [[Currency|currencies]] (money) from other countries)
* [[embezzlement]] (stealing or misusing money that belongs to a company or government)
India has state laws that make it illegal for police to [[torture]] people. But these laws are not often obeyed. [[Torture]] is often used when people are [[arrest]]ed or [[Prison|jailed]] by the police. This torture is a major cause of deaths in police custody.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070313/punjab1.htm#7 Torture main reason of death in police custody] ''[[The Tribune]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.ahrchk.net/statements/mainfile.php/2004statement/146/ Custodial deaths in West Bengal and India's refusal to ratify the Convention against Torture] ''[[Asian Human Rights Commission]]'' 26 February 2004</ref> The police often torture [[Innocence|innocent]] people until they 'confess' (they say they did the crime). This false confession is then used to save important, rich people who have actually committed crimes.<ref>[http://www.alrc.net/pr/mainfile.php/2004pr/41/ Custodial deaths and torture in India] ''[[Asian Legal Resource Centre]]''</ref> One major problem that keeps police violence possible is a lack of accountability (meaning no one gets in trouble if they torture a person), according to G.P. Joshi. Joshi runs the Indian branch of the [[Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative]] in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="HRS">[http://www.hrsolidarity.net/mainfile.php/2005vol15no05/2448/ Police Accountability in India: Policing Contaminated by Politics]</ref>

In 2006, the [[Supreme Court of India]] decided a case called ''[[Indian Police Service#1996-2006 Reforms ordered by the Supreme Court|Prakash Singh vs. Union of India]]''. In its decision, the Court ordered central and state governments to begin police [[reform]]. The Court had two goals with its decision. The first was to give tenure to police officers, and to make it simpler for police officers to get hired or transfer to a different area. The second was to increase police accountability.<ref name="CSRI">[http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/writ_petition.htm The Supreme Court takes the lead on police reform: Prakash Singh vs. Union of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925141524/http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/programs/aj/police/india/initiatives/writ_petition.htm |date=2009-09-25 }}, CHRI</ref>

In 2006, seven policemen were charge-sheeted (officially accused of having done a crime) for police misconduct, and eleven were [[Conviction|convicted]].<ref name="NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006">[http://ncrb.nic.in/cii2006/cii-2006/Snapshots.pdf Snapshots – 2006]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[National Crime Records Bureau]]''</ref>

Criminals visit markets and other places that are popular with [[Tourism|tourists]], with the goal of committing crimes against foreigners (people from other countries). Westerners have become victims of [[robbery]], [[rape]], and other violent attacks.<ref name="TRAVEL">{{cite web|url=https://www.osac.gov/Reports/report.cfm?contentID=62883|title=India 2007 Crime & Safety Report: New Delhi}}</ref>

Because foreigners often have more money than most people in India, they are often criminals' favorite target for robbery and other serious crimes.<ref name="TRAVEL"/>

In April 1999, a group of Indians made friends with Swaraj Damree, a tourist from [[Mauritius]]. The group later [[Kidnapping|kidnapped]] Damree and held him captive for 25 days. They robbed him of cash worth $1,500 in [[United States dollar|U.S. dollars]], and stole his [[Traveler's cheque|traveller's cheques]], wrist watch, gold chain, bracelet, two bags and suitcase.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990420/ige20118.html Foreign tourist drugged, robbed, tortured, released after 25 days]</ref> In 2000, two [[Germany|German]] tourists were shot in [[Himachal Pradesh]]. A few weeks later, two [[Spain|Spanish]] tourists were killed by robbers in the same state.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/world/south_asia/909877.stm India's valley of death]</ref>

Many foreign tourists are victims of violent crime in [[Kolkata]].<ref name="TELEGRAPH">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070218/asp/calcutta/story_7406290.asp|title=Shudder street}} ''The Telegraph''</ref> In September 2006, criminals robbed the [[wallet]] of a British woman in Kolkata.<ref name="TELEGRAPH" /> The same month, a [[Japan]]ese tourist was robbed on his way to Sudder Street.<ref name="TELEGRAPH" /> In October 2006, a foreigner was robbed during the day on Park Street.<ref name="TELEGRAPH" />

===Petty crime===
Petty crime, like stealing people's wallets and bags, is common in India. Stealing valuable things from foreigners' [[luggage]] on trains and buses is also common. People traveling alone are especially likely to have their things stolen by pickpockets and purse snatchers, who usually work in crowded areas.<ref name="REPORT">{{cite web|url=https://www.osac.gov/Reports/report.cfm?contentID=62882|title=Crime & Safety Report: Chennai}}</ref>

===Passport theft===
In India, stealing tourists' [[passport]]s from their luggage on trains and buses is very common.<ref name="TRAVEL REPORT">{{cite web|url=http://www.voyage.gc.ca/dest/report-en.asp?country=128000|title=TRAVEL REPORT India}}</ref> Theft of [[United States passport|U.S. passports]] happens often, especially in major tourist areas.<ref name="TRAVEL"/><ref name="Consular Information Sheet">{{cite web|url=http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1139.html|title=Consular Information Sheet: India}} ''[[Bureau of Consular Affairs]]''</ref>

===Scams===
Criminals run many [[Fraud|scams]] against tourists, especially in [[Jaipur]], the capital of [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="TRAVEL"/> The criminals usually pick younger tourists to try to scam. They tell the tourists that they can make a lot of money if they move [[Jewel|gems]] or [[gold]], or if they take expensive [[carpet]]s back home in their luggage to avoid [[Customs|customs duties]].<ref name="TRAVEL"/>

If a tourist agrees, the scam continues for a few days. Then a new scam artist offers to show the tourist interesting places in the area. The scammers also offer cheap places to stay and meals to the tourist. They do this so that the tourist ends up being with the scam artist all the time. The scam artist is then threatened and may be hurt, until he gives up his passport to the scammers.<ref name="TRAVEL"/>

In 2006, an American became victim of a scam at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport]] in [[Mumbai]]. She lost $77 U.S. dollars.<ref>[http://www.osac.gov/Reports/report.cfm?contentID=56197 India Scam Targets Female Traveler]</ref>

====Taxi scam====
Taxi drivers also run scams in India. These scams are run on tourists who do not know their way around India or Indian [[airport]]s. Some taxi drivers will drive tourists around the whole airport, so they can charge a lot of money for the ride, when the part of the airport that the tourist wants to go to was actually very close by.<ref name="REPORT"/> In a report, the Overseas Security Advisory Council talked about taxi scams and how to avoid them.<ref name="REPORT"/>

===Rape of foreigners===
There have been more and more rapes of tourists at popular tourist spots.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1124186 Handle foreign tourists with care], ''[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1123611 Crimes against tourists alarm tour operators], ''DNA''</ref> In March 2006, Biti Mohanty, the son of a senior police official in [[Orissa]], raped a German tourist in [[Alwar]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref name="TOP STORIES">{{cite web|url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/070924/211/6l4pp.html|title=Main accused arrested in Agra tourist rape case}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?NewsID=1075743 Biti Mohanty's father gets showcause notice], ''DNA''</ref> The next month, a Japanese woman was raped in [[Pushkar]], [[Rajasthan]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1497108.cms Another foreign tourist cries rape], ''[[The Times of India]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/20/stories/2006042006481000.htm Japanese tourist alleges rape], ''[[The Hindu]]''</ref> In June 2007, a [[South Korea]]n tourist was raped near [[Manali]].<ref name="TOP STORIES" /> In September 2007, two Japanese women were gang-raped in [[Agra]],<ref name="TOP STORIES"/> a popular tourist spot in India where the [[Taj Mahal]] is located.

The Indian state of Rajasthan is a popular place among foreign tourists. One out of every three tourists that go to India visit this state. Rajasthan has been rattled by rape cases of foreign tourists.<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/20/content_4451686.htm West India state troubled by rape case of foreign tourist]</ref> The Indian [[Bureau of Consular Affairs]] has warned women from the United States not to travel alone in India.<ref name="Consular Information Sheet" />

==Crime over time==
A report published by the [[National Crime Records Bureau]] compared crime rates from 1953 to 2006. The report found that:<ref name="NCRBSNAPSHOTS1953-2006">[http://ncrb.nic.in/cii2006/cii-2006/Snapshots%201953-2006.pdf Snapshots (1953—2006)]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''National Crime Records Bureau''</ref>
* [[Burglary]] was less common in 2006 than in 1953. It was 38% less common in 2006 (having dropped from 1,47,379 known cases of burglary in 1953 to 91,666 in 2006).
* [[Robbery]] had increased by 120% (from 8,407 in 1953 to 18,456 in 2006).
* [[Riots]] had increased by 176% (from 20,529 in 1953 to 56,641 in 2006).
* [[Murder]] had seriously increased, by 231% (from 9,803 in 1953 to 32,481 in 2006).
* [[Kidnapping]] had increased the most, by 356% (from 5,261 to 23,991)

In 2006, 51,02,460 cognizable crimes were committed. In India, cognizable crimes are serious crimes, where a police officer could make an arrest without needing a [[warrant]] first. Examples of cognizable crimes include rape, murder, and theft.

Among the cognizable crimes committed in 2006, there were 18,78,293 [[Indian Penal Code]] (IPC) crimes and 32,24,167 Special & Local Laws (SLL) crimes. The IPC crime rate in 2006 was 167.7 compared to 165.3 in 2005, showing an increase of 1.5% in 2006 over 2005.<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/> SLL crime rate in 2006 was 287.9 compared to 290.5 in 2005, showing a decrease of 0.9% in 2006 over 2005.<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/>
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Year'''<sup>[[Crime in India#cite%20note-NCRBSNAPSHOTS1953-2006-41|[41]]]</sup>
|'''Total cog. crimes under IPC'''
|'''Murder'''
|'''Kidnapping'''
|'''Robbery'''
|'''Burglary'''
|'''Riots'''
|-
|'''1953'''
|6,01,964
|9,802
|5,261
|8,407
|1,47,379
|20,529
|-
|'''2006'''
|18,78,293
|32,481
|23,991
|18,456
|91,666
|56,641
|-
|'''% Change in 2006 over 1953'''
|212.0
|231.0
|356.0
|120.0
|<nowiki>-38.0</nowiki>
|176.0
|}
'''SOURCE: National Crime Records Bureau<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS1953-2006/>'''

==Crime by area==
Different places in India have different amounts and types of crime. For example:

* In 2006, the highest crime rate was reported in the city of [[Pondicherry]] (447.7%) for crimes under [[Indian Penal Code]]. This is 2.7 times the national crime rate of 167.7%. Among states in India, [[Kerala]] reported the highest crime rate at 312.5%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ncrb.gov.in/|title=National Crime Records Bureau|website=ncrb.gov.in|access-date=2019-03-16|archive-date=2015-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607053100/http://ncrb.gov.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* About 34% (one out of three) IPC crimes in India's very large cities happened in only three of those cities: [[Delhi]] (16.2%), [[Mumbai]] (9.5%), and [[Bangalore]] (8.1%).<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/>
* Of the 35 very large cities in India, [[Indore]] reported the highest overall crime rate (769.1%). The second- and third-highest crime rates were from [[Bhopal]] (719.5%) and [[Jaipur]] (597.1%).<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/>
* Some cities had higher rates of violent crime than the whole country of India. India's national violent crime rate was 18.4%. [[Jammu and Kashmir]]'s violent crime rate was 33.7%; [[Manipur]]'s was 33.0%; [[Assam]]'s was 30.4%; and both [[Daman and Diu]]'s and [[Pondicherry]]'s were 29.4%<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/>
* [[Uttar Pradesh]] reported the highest rate of violent crimes. Violent crimes in Uttar Pradesh made up 12.1% of the total violent crimes in all of India (24,851 out of 2,05,656). Violent crimes in [[Bihar]] made up 11.8% of violent crimes in India. (24,271 out of 2,05,6556).<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/>
* Among India's 35 very big cities, rapes in Delhi made up 31.2% of total rape cases in the 35 cities (533 out of 1,706).<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/> [[Madhya Pradesh]] has reported the highest number of rape cases (2,900), making up 15.0% of the rape cases reported in all of India.<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/>
* Uttar Pradesh reported 16.9% (5,480 out of 32,481) of India's murder cases, and 18.4% (4,997 out of 27,230) of the country's [[attempted murder]] cases.<ref name=NCRBSNAPSHOTS2006/>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Crime in India]]

Crime in India - Revision history

CleanupBot at 19:23, 22 April 2021