2409:4072:E90:BC75:40A7:D4B5:1976:717E at 18:10, 15 April 2022

2022-04-15T18:10:27Z

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Cuddalore}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| image_skyline = Indien Tamil Nadu Cuddalore Old Town Boats.jpg
| image_caption = Boats in Cuddalore
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=275 |frame-height=275 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Cuddalore district'''
|type=shape |id=Q15150
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu
|type2=line|id2=Q1445|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tamil Nadu
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = {{coord|11|45|0|N|79|45|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Cuddalore
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka|Taluks]]
| parts = [[Bhuvanagiri, Tamil Nadu|Bhuvanagiri]], [[Cuddalore taluk|Cuddalore]], [[Chidambaram taluk|Chidambaram]], [[Kattumannarkoil taluk|Kattumannarkoil]], [[kurinjipadi taluk|kurinjipadi]], [[Panruti taluk|Panruti]], [[Titakudi taluk|Titakudi]], [[Srimushnam]], [[Veppur block|Veppur]], [[Vriddachalam taluk|Vriddachalam]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Cuddalore]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name1 = K. Balasubramaniam, I.A.S,<ref>[http://www.tn.gov.in/collectors#4 Cuddalore District Collector]</ref> [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = S. Sakthi Ganesan,<ref>[http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/CCTNSNICSDC/wicket/page?11 Cuddalore Superintendent of Police]</ref> [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2,605,914
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 702
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 607xxx
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 04142
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN]]
| registration_plate = '''TN-31,TN-91'''<ref>[http://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf Registration Series Allotted to Regional Transport Offices]{{Dead link|date=July 2020}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823194333/https://www.tn.gov.in/sta/a2.pdf|date=23 August 2009}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = Largest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Cuddalore]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Pondicherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [[Chennai]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = 984 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank4_info_sec1 = 79.04%
| blank5_name_sec1 = Legislature type
| blank5_info_sec1 = elected
| blank6_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank6_info_sec1 = [[Cuddalore]]
| blank7_name_sec1 = [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN category]]
| blank7_info_sec1 = 
| blank1_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank1_info_sec2 = {{convert|41|°C|°F}}
| blank2_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|20|°C|°F}}
| website = {{URL|www.cuddalore.tn.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| name =
}}
'''Cuddalore District''' is one of the 38 districts in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in [[India]].

== History ==
Since ancient times, the old town has been a seaport. Through the centuries, Cuddalore has been subject to a number of foreign powers including the Netherlands, Portugal, France and more recently, the British. In the 1600s, the French and English came to Cuddalore for trade and business. The French established a settlement at Pondicherry and the British at Cuddalore. The French and English, while engaged in the Seven Years' War, fought the naval [[Battle of Cuddalore (1758)|Battle of Cuddalore]] on 29 April 1758. It was an indecisive battle between a British squadron, under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and a French squadron, under Comte d'Aché and the newly appointed Governor General Comte Thomas Lally. Cuddalore surrendered to French troops on 29 April 1758. From 1789 to 1794, there was further unrest in Cuddalore due to the War of American Independence and the Second Anglo-Mysore War culminating in the siege of Cuddalore, after which the town was returned to Britain as part of a peace treaty. In 1782, during the Second Anglo Mysore war, the French troops allied with Tipu Sultan and won over the British, after which Cuddalore became a chief port against the French. In 1783, General James Stuart (1735–1793) led his troops to fend off French troops. There were five different naval actions off the coast during the same year, all of which were indecisive.

Some streets in Cuddalore retain British names such as Clive Street, Wellington Street, Sloper Street, Canning Street, Rope Street (Rope Street, Wellington Street, Sloper Street and Canning Street jointly known as Salangukara Village), Lawrence Road and Imperial Road. The [[Cuddalore Central Prison]], opened in 1865, is an historically important landmark. Subramanya Bharathi and other political leaders served prison terms there.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

Cuddalore district is prone to natural calamities having experienced landfalls of major cyclones formed in the [[Bay of Bengal]] region. Apart from the cyclones, 2004 Tsunami caused massive damages to life and property in Cuddalore and its adjacent Nagapattinam district. Cyclone Thane, which made landfall here, caused major loss to life and property.

[[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Tsunami waves]] that followed the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake near Sumatra hit the eastern coast of India on 26 December 2004 at 08:32 am, resulting in 572 casualties. Several fishing hamlets disappeared, while Silver Beach and the historically important Cuddalore Port were devastated. Fort St. David survived without damage. In 2012, [[Cyclone Thane]] caused widespread damage to crops and buildings.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ramakrishnan|first=T.|date=2012-01-01|title=Cuddalore suffers extensive damage|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/cuddalore-suffers-extensive-damage/article2764241.ece|access-date=2021-01-06|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Cuddalore district was among those most severely affected by the [[2015 South India floods]]. Six of the district's 13 blocks suffered extensive damage during the floods in November. The resumption of heavy rainfall from 1 December once again inundated the Cuddalore municipality and the district, displacing tens of thousands of people. Rains continued through 9 December. Despite the state government and individuals sending rescue teams and tonnes of relief materials to the district, thousands of those affected continued to lack basic supplies due to inadequate distribution efforts; this resulted in several relief lorries being stopped and looted by survivors. Large swaths of Cuddalore city and the district remained inundated as of 10 December, with thousands of residents marooned by floodwaters and over 60,000 hectares of farmland inundated; over 30,000 people had been evacuated to relief camps.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

== Geography ==

The district has an area of 3,564 km². It is bounded on the north by [[Viluppuram District]] and [[Kallakurichi district]], on the east by the [[Bay of Bengal]], on the northeast by [[Puducherry district]] of the union territory [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], on the south by [[Mayiladuthurai district]], on the west by [[Perambalur District]] and by a small part with [[Thanjavur district]]. The district is drained by [[Gadilam River|Gadilam]] and [[Pennaiyar River|Pennaiyar]] rivers in the north, [[Vellar River|Vellar]] and [[Kollidam River]] (Coleroon) in the south.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

== Economy ==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Cuddalore one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf /> It is one of the six districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]] Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj |date=8 September 2009 |title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme |publisher=National Institute of Rural Development |url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |access-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2012 }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=8,68,748|13=1911|14=9,74,673|15=1921|16=9,57,148|17=1931|18=10,12,603|19=1941|20=10,76,237|21=1951|22=11,45,551|23=1961|24=13,00,513|25=1971|26=15,69,323|27=1981|28=18,27,917|29=1991|30=21,22,759|31=2001|32=22,85,395|33=2011|34=26,05,914|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Cuddalore district had a population of 2,605,914 with a sex-ratio of 987 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 279,950 were under the age of six, constituting 147,644 males and 132,306 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 29.32% and 0.6% of the population, respectively. The average literacy of the district was 79%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard" /> The district had a total of 635,578 households. There were a total of 1,169,880 workers, comprising 136,035 cultivators, 325,599 main agricultural labourers, 19,151 in house hold industries, 356,486 other workers, 332,609 marginal workers, 29,135 marginal cultivators, 213,813 marginal agricultural labourers, 12,876 marginal workers in household industries and 76,785 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Cuddalore district|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=693235|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> The district has a population density of {{convert|702|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>

== Divisions ==

Cuddalore District comprises 10 [[taluk]]s, 13 [[Block (country subdivision)|Blocks]], 7 [[Municipality|Municipalities]] and 16 [[Town panchayat|Town Panchayats]].

== Urban centres ==
{{See also|:Category:Villages in Cuddalore district}}
Cuddalore district consists of the following urban regions (cities):

*[[Cuddalore]]
*[[Bhuvanagiri, Tamil Nadu|Bhuvanagiri]]
*[[Kurinjipadi]]
*[[Chidambaram]]
*[[Panruti]]
*[[Virudhachalam]]
*[[Neyveli]]
*[[Nellikuppam]]
*[[srimushnam]]
*[[kattumannarkoil]]
*[[Pennadam]]
*[[Vadalur]]

== Agriculture ==
The district contributes significantly to the Tamil Nadu state production of [[cashew nut]] and [[jack fruit]].<ref>[http://www.tn.gov.in/deptst/agriculture.pdf Agriculture], Tamil Nadu state</ref>

== Tourist attractions ==
[[File:Pichavaram mangrove forest panorama.jpg|thumb|400px|right|[[Pichavaram]]]]
* [[Pichavaram]], one of the world's largest [[mangrove]] forests
* [[Silver Beach (India)|Silver Beach]] at Devanampatinam (Cuddalore)
* [[Veeranam Lake]], Kattumannarkoil
* [[Marine Biology]], Parangipettai, Chidambaram taluk
* [[Saamiyaarpettai Beach]], near Parangipettai, Chidambaram taluk
* [[Pataleeswarar Temple, Cuddalore|Pataleeswarar temple]], a Hindu temple, built during the 7th century is the most prominent landmark in Cuddalore.<ref name="tour">{{cite web|title=Tourist attraction in Cuddalore|url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/cuddalore/abt_Places%20of%20Interest.htm|publisher=Cuddalore municipality|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923175511/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/Cuddalore/abt_Places%20of%20Interest.htm|archive-date=2009-09-23}}</ref> The name, Thirupathipuliyur, is associated with the legend behind the temple. The temple is revered in the verses of 7th-century Saiva saints [[Appar]] and [[Tirugnanasambandar]] in their works in ''[[Tevaram]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sri Padaleeswarar temple|url=http://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=548|work=Dinamalar|access-date=2014-01-03}}</ref>
*Chidambaram Natarajar Temple
* The [[Thiruvanthipuram temple|Devanathaswami Temple]], located in Thiruvanthipuram, is another Hindu pilgrimage site located in the outskirts of Cuddalore.<ref name="tour" />
* [[Thiruvadigai Temple|Veerattaneswarar Temple]], near Panruti
* Sri boovaraha Swami temple, Sri Nithishwarar temple, [[Srimushnam]]

== See also ==
*[[List of districts of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[List of educational institutions in Cuddalore District]]
*[[Uyyakondaravi]]
*[[Valasakkadu]]
*[[Vazhmangalam]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://cuddalore.nic.in/ Cuddalore District]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060912230958/http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/district.php?dcode=18 Cuddalore District Profile]

{{Cuddalore District}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuddalore District}}
[[Category:Cuddalore district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]

Cuddalore district - Revision history

2409:4072:E90:BC75:40A7:D4B5:1976:717E at 18:10, 15 April 2022