Ajay Kumar at 23:53, 29 August 2023

2023-08-29T23:53:16Z

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{{Short description|Species of legume}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Dalbergia latifolia.jpg
|image_caption = ''Dalbergia latifolia'' growing as a street tree in [[Peravoor]], India.
|status = VU
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author1 = Lakhey, P. | author2 = Pathak, J. | author3 = Adhikari, B. | name-list-style = amp | title = ''Dalbergia latifolia'' | page = e.T32098A67777757 | year = 2020 | access-date = 24 January 2023}}</ref>
|taxon = Dalbergia latifolia
|authority = [[William Roxburgh|Roxb.]]
|synonyms =
{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Amerimnon latifolium'' <small>(Roxb.) Kuntze</small>
*''Dalbergia emarginata'' <small>Roxb.</small>
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/ild-1844
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|access-date=12 December 2015}}</ref>
|}}

{{Redirect-synonym|North Indian rosewood|''[[Dalbergia sissoo]]''}}
'''''Dalbergia latifolia''''' (synonym '''''Dalbergia emarginata''''') is a premier [[lumber|timber]] species, also known as the '''Indian rosewood''' ([[Tamil language|Tamil / தமிழ்]]: Eetti / ஈட்டி). It is native to low-elevation [[Monsoon Forest|tropical monsoon forests]] of south east India.<ref name=Agroforestry>{{Citation|last=World Agroforestry Centre |title=Agroforestry Tree Database |url=http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1726 |access-date=2011-03-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309132543/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1726 |archive-date=2012-03-09 }}</ref><ref name=IUCN/> Some common names in English include '''rosewood''', '''Bombay blackwood''', ''' roseta rosewood''', '''East Indian rosewood''', '''reddish-brown rosewood''', '''Indian palisandre''', and '''Java palisandre'''.<ref name=Agroforestry /><ref name=IUCN /> Its Indian common names are '''beete''', and '''satisal'''.<ref name=Agroforestry /> The tree grows to {{convert|40|m}} in height and is evergreen, but locally deciduous in drier subpopulations.<ref name=Agroforestry /><ref name=IUCN />

[[File:Dalbergia latifolia - Black Rosewood - at Begur 2014 (13).jpg | thumb|220x124px | right | Flowering in Dalbergia latifolia]]

==Description and biology==
[[File:Dalbe latif 081228-4857 F ckoep.jpg|128px|thumbnail|right|Pinnately compound leaves of ''Dalbergia latifolia'' growing in Java.]]
The tree has grey bark that peels in long fibres, pinnately compound leaves, and bunches of small white flowers.<ref name=Agroforestry /> It grows as both an evergreen and a deciduous tree in the deciduous monsoon forests of India making the tree very drought hardy.

''[[Haematonectria haematococca]]'' is a fungal pest of the tree, causing damage to the leaves and the heartwood in Javanese plantations.<ref name=PROTA /> In India, trees may be subject to serious damage from a species of ''[[Phytophthora]]'', a [[water mold]] genus.<ref name=PROTA />

[[Germplasm]] resources for ''D. latifolia'' are maintained by the [[Kerala Forest Research Institute]] in [[Thrissur]], [[Kerala]], India.<ref name=PROTA />

==Uses==
[[File:Dalbe latif 081228-4907 H ipb.jpg|140px|thumbnail|left|A Dalbergia latifolia tree stands on roadside at [[Bogor]], [[Java]]]]
The tree produces a hard, durable, heavy wood that, when properly cured, is durable and resistant to rot and insects.<ref name=PROTA>{{Cite book | last = Louppe | first = D. |author2=A A Oteng-Amoaka| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nw-mZQ0kcEC|title = Plant resources of tropical Africa|volume=7 |issue=1|journal=Timbers 1 | publisher = PROTA Foundation | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-90-5782-209-4| access-date = 2011-03-21 }}</ref> It is grown as a plantation wood in both India and Java, often in dense, single species groves, to produce its highly desirable long straight bore.<ref name=PROTA /> Wood from the tree is used in premium furniture making and cabinetry, guitar bodies and fretboards, exotic veneers, carvings, boats, skis, and for reforestation.<ref name=Agroforestry /><ref name=PROTA />

Under the [[Indian Forest Act, 1927]] the exportation of lumber products from wild harvested ''D. latifolia'' is illegal.<ref name=IUCN /> There exists an international high demand and price for the wood due to its excellent qualities of having a long straight bore, its strength, and its high density.<ref name=PROTA /> However, the tree is slow-growing; Javanese plantations were started in the late nineteenth century, but, due to its slow growth, plantations have not expanded beyond Java and India.<ref name=PROTA /> Many once popular uses for ''D. latifolia'' wood have now been replaced with ''[[Dalbergia sissoo]]'' wood and [[Engineered wood|engineered rosewood]]s, for economic purposes in cottage industries.

==See also==
* [[Rosewood]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q726420}}

[[Category:Dalbergia|latifolia]]
[[Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Flora of Java]]
[[Category:Flora of Myanmar]]

Dalbergia latifolia - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 23:53, 29 August 2023