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{{Short description|Maharaja of Baroda from 1732–1768}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}

'''Damaji Rao Gaekwad''' was the second [[Maharaja of Baroda State|Maharaja of Baroda]] reigning from 1732 to 1768 until his death.

{{Infobox royalty
| name = Damaji Rao Gaekwad
| title = '''Sena Khas Khel'''
| image = Portrait of Damaji Rao Gaekwad.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Damaji Rao Gaekwad
| succession = 2nd [[Maharaja of Baroda]]
| reign = 1732 – 1768
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Pilaji Rao Gaekwad]]
| successor = [[Sayajirao I, Maharaja of Baroda|Sayajirao I]]
| spouse =
| issue = [[Sayajirao I, Maharaja of Baroda|Sayajirao I]]
| royal house = [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]]
| father = [[Pilaji Rao Gaekwad]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| death_date = 1768
| death_place = [[Patan, Gujarat]]
}}

== Early life ==

Damaji, also known as Damaji II, was the third son of [[Pilaji Rao Gaekwad]]. His father Pilaji was an adopted son of Damaji I, who had received the hereditary title ''Shamsher Bahadur'' from [[Chhattrapati Shahu]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150766 |title=The Golden Book of India |author=Roper Lethbridge |author-link=Roper Lethbridge |publisher=Macmillan |year=1893 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150766/page/n80 57] }}</ref> Pilaji himself had received another hereditary title, ''Sena Khas Khel''.<ref name="BomGaz_1885">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7oMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA275 |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 19 - Satara |editor=James M. Campbell |editor-link=James M. Campbell |publisher=Government Central Press |location=Bombay |year=1885 |pages=274–276 }}</ref>

== Rebellion against the Peshwa ==

The [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwads]] were originally lieutenants of the [[Dabhade]] family, the Maratha chiefs of Gujarat and holders of the ''senapati'' (commander-in-chief) title. In 1731, [[Trimbak Rao Dabhade]] was killed for rebelling against [[Peshwa]] [[Bajirao I|Baji Rao]]. The Peshwa allowed the Dabhades to retain their title and territories in Gujarat, on the condition that they would remit half of their revenues to the Maratha Chhatrapati's treasury. His minor brother Yashwant Rao Dabhade was appointed as the ''senapati'', with his mother [[Umabai Dabhade]] exercising the executive powers. Pilaji, and after his death in 1732, Damaji held the actual military power as Yashwant Rao was a minor. Even as he grew up, Yashwant Rao got addicted to alcohol and opium, and Damaji gradually increased his power during this time.<ref name="CAKDBP_1918">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofmaratha03kincuoft#page/2/mode/2up/search/umabai |title=A History of the Maratha People Volume 3 |author=Charles Augustus Kincaid |author-link=Charles Augustus Kincaid |author2=Dattatray Balwant Parasnis|author2-link=Dattatray Balwant Parasnis |name-list-style=amp |year=1918 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=2–10 }}</ref><ref name="playne">{{cite book |last1=Bond |first1=J. W. |last2=Wright |first2=Arnold |last3=Playne |first3=Somerset |last4=Solomon |first4=R. V. |author2-link=Arnold Wright |author3-link=Somerset Playne |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |date=1922 |publisher=Asian Educational Services (Foreign and Colonial Compiling and Publishing Co.) |location=London |isbn=9788120619654 |oclc=836381195 |pages=9,10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC&pg=PA9 |access-date=30 May 2021 |language=en |chapter=The State of Baroda}}</ref>

Umabai initially pretended reconciliation with Peshwa Bajirao, but maintained a grudge against him for killing her son. After Bajirao's death, she pleaded with the new Peshwa [[Balaji Baji Rao|Balaji Rao]], to release the Dabhades from the revenue-sharing covenant. When he refused to do so, she sided with [[Tarabai]] in a rebellion against the Peshwa. When Balaji Baji Rao left for the Mughal frontier, Tarabai imprisoned [[Rajaram II of Satara|Chhatrapati Rajaram II]] and Umabai dispatched Damaji Gaekwad with a 15,000-strong force to support her.<ref name="CAKDBP_1918"/>

On 13 March, the Peshwa loyalist Trimbakrao Purandare set out from Pune to intercept Damaji. His force was shortly supplemented by contingents led by Balwantrao Mehendale and Bapuji Retharekar, and grew into a 20,000-strong army. Despite being numerically inferior, Damaji's army defeated them at Nimb, a small town north of Satara. A victorious Damaji then reached Satara, where he was received by Tarabai. However, Trimbakrao re-formed his army. On 15 March, he launched a fresh attack on Damaji's troops, who were encamped on the banks of the [[Venna River]]. Damaji was defeated in this battle, and forced to retreat with heavy losses. Trimbakrao continued pursuing him, eventually trapping him a gorge in the [[Krishna River]] valley. Meanwhile, the Peshwa returned from the Mughal frontier, and joined Trimbakrao. Damaji's Maratha troops deserted him, while his Gujarati troops lost hope in an unfamiliar locality. He was, therefore, compelled to declare ceasefire and meet Peshwa to discuss the terms of a peace treaty. The Peshwa demanded half of Gujarat's territories in addition to a [[war indemnity]] of {{INR}} 2,500,000. Damaji refused to sign an agreement, stating that he was only a subordinate, and asked Peshwa to consult Umabai. On 30 April, the Peshwa launched a surprise evening attack on Damaji's camp, which surrendered without resistance.<ref name="CAKDBP_1918"/><ref name="playne"/>

In May 1751, the Peshwa arrested Damaji Gaekwad and his relatives, and sent them to Pune. Sometime later, the Dabhades were also arrested, and deprived of their [[jagir]]s and titles.<ref name="JLM_2005">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&pg=PA215 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |author=Jaswant Lal Mehta |publisher=Sterling |year=2005 |isbn=9781932705546 |pages=213–216 }}</ref> In Pune, the Peshwa repeatedly pressurized Damaji to cede half of Gujarat on behalf of Yashwant Rao Dabhade. Damaji kept refusing, and on 19 July 1751, the Peshwa placed him and his [[dewan]] Ramchandra Baswant in strict confinement. On 14 November, he sent them to a captivity in [[Lohagad]].<ref name="CAKDBP_1918"/>

A few weeks later, Ramchandra Baswant managed to escape and reached Gujarat, where he met Damaji's relatives at the [[Songadh]] fort. The Peshwa put Damaji in iron chains at Lohagad, and sent a force under his brother [[Raghunathrao]] to Gujarat. Raghunathrao managed to recover revenues from [[Surat]], but could not advance north of the [[Tapti river]]. Meanwhile, the Peshwa suffered setbacks in some other battles, and decided to seek reconciliation with the Gaekwads.<ref name="CAKDBP_1918"/>

== As the Maratha chief in Gujarat ==
[[File:Damajino Dero at Savli.jpg|thumb|Damajino Dero, a memorial dedicated to him located at [[Savli]], Gujarat]]
In March 1752, Damaji finally agreed to abandon Dabhades in favour of the Peshwa. In return, he was made the Maratha chief of Gujarat, and the Peshwa offered him assistance in expelling the Mughals from Gujarat. Gaekwad promised to pay an annual tribute of {{INR}} 525,000 to Peshwa in addition to a one-time payment of {{INR}} 1,500,000. He was also asked to maintain a cavalry of 20,000 horses in service of the Peshwa. The Dabhade family was respectfully removed from power, and provided an annual maintenance expense by Gaekwad.<ref name="CAKDBP_1918"/>

On 10 December 1752, Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao dispatched an army from Pune to Gujarat, under the commandment of Raghunathrao. This army was joined by Damaji's troops, resulting in the formation of a 50,000-strong Maratha army. The Marathas sieged [[Ahmedabad]], where the Mughal Governor Jawan Mard Khan Babi put up a strong defence. Babi surrendered Ahmedabad in March 1753 after a long siege. The Peshwa appointed Shripatrao Bapuji as the Governor of Ahmedabad; a part of the city was given to Damaji. In July 1756, the [[Nawab of Cambay]] Momin Khan invaded Ahmedabad with Mughal support, while Shripatrao was away in Pune. The Peshwa sent a force led by Sadashiv Shenvi, which regained control of Ahmedabad with Damaji's help.<ref name="CAKDBP_1918"/> Subsequently, the town remained under the Marathas until the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]]. The British later handed it over to Damaji's son [[Fateh Singh Rao Gaekwad]] after the [[Treaty of Salbai]] in 1782.<ref name="CAKDBP_1918"/>

He died at [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] on 18 August 1768.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{MarathaEmpire}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gaekwad II, Damajirao}}
[[Category:1768 deaths]]
[[Category:Gaekwad dynasty|Damajirao]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Vadodara]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian royalty]]
[[Category:Indian military leaders]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Damaji Rao Gaekwad - Revision history

Bot at 03:43, 16 November 2021