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{{Short description|Gujarati socio-religious folk dance}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Refimprove|date=March 2009}}
[[File:Children performing Dandiya in Palace Grounds, Bangalore.jpg|thumb|Dandiya Raas dance by children during Navratri in Bangalore]]
'''Raas''' or '''Dandiya Raas''' is the socio-religious [[folk dance]] originating from Indian state of [[Gujarat]] and popularly performed in the festival of [[Navaratri]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WDk9AQAAIAAJ&q=Raas+dandiya|title=ISME Yearbook|last=Education|first=International Society for Music|date=1984|publisher=B. Schott's Söhne|pages=118|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The dance is performed in the [[Marwar]] region of [[Rajasthan]] too.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L7RMAQAAIAAJ&q=rajasthan+dandiya+raas|title=Khyāta: itihāsa, kalā, evaṃ saṃskr̥ti kī śodha patrikā|date=2002|publisher=Marubhūmi Śodha Saṃsthāna|pages=240|language=hi}}</ref>The etymology of Dandiya-Raas is in Sanskrit.<ref name=":3" /> Dandiya-raas exists in the different forms, including the collegiate competitive form.<ref name=":1" /> The dance style is now in a competitive format and a traditional format.<ref name=":1" />

==Etymology==
[[File:Dandiya.jpg|thumb|Dandiya]]
The word "Raas" comes from the [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] word "[[Rasa (aesthetics)|Rasa]]", an aesthetic Indian concept related to emotions and feelings. [[Kapila Vatsyayan]] argued that aesthetic theory of the Rasa gives the underlying unity to the Indian arts.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2K1AAAAIAAJ&q=traditions+of+indian+folk+dance+kapila+vatsyayan+pdf|title=Traditions of Indian folk dance|last=Vatsyayan|first=Kapila|date=1987|publisher=Clarion Books associated with Hind Pocket Books|isbn=9788185120225|pages=5|language=en}}</ref>

==Forms of Raas==
Dandiya Raas, Gopgunthan Solanga Raas and Mer Dandiya Raas are the popular forms of Raas. In [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]], Raas is performed by the men and the dance performed by women is called as Raasda. Element of dance is more prominent in the Raas while music is more prominent in Raasda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nuWBch2jTqAC&q=Raas+dandiya&pg=PA59|title=Musical Heritage of India|last=Sharma|first=Manorma|date=2007|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788131300466|pages=59|language=en}}</ref>

=== Collegiate Garba-Raas ===

Garba-Raas, more commonly known as Raas, is a combination dance style consisting of mainly Dandiya-Raas and some [[Garba (dance)|Garba]]. Garba-Raas emerged as a competitive dance style due to the efforts of the Federation of Gujarati Associations of North America (FOGNA).<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Falcone|first=Jessica Marie|date=2013|title="Garba With Attitude": Creative Nostalgia in Competitive Collegiate Gujarati American Folk Dancing|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/journal_of_asian_american_studies/v016/16.1.falcone.html|journal=Journal of Asian American Studies|language=en|volume=16|issue=1|pages=57–89|doi=10.1353/jaas.2013.0010|issn=1096-8598}}</ref> The Garba-Raas competitive dance style was further developed in the early 2000s by first generation [[Indian Americans|Indian-American]] college students. Furthermore, a cohesive national organization for Garba-Raas was established in 2009 called Raas All-stars (RAS).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=ABOUT US|url=https://www.raasallstars.com/about|access-date=2021-03-01|website=Raas All-Stars|language=en}}</ref> As of 2020, the organization consists of over 40 collegiate Garba-Raas teams nationwide.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raas All-Stars XI: Rewrite the Stars|url=https://artandseek.org/calendar/event/96003/raas-all-stars-xi-rewrite-the-stars|access-date=2021-03-01|website=artandseek.org|language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Comparing the Traditional Dance Style to the Competitive Dance Style ====
Garba-Raas is traditionally a recreational social dance form that is done in large groups.<ref name=":1" /> The competitive form is described as “...competitive sport, rather than an inclusive, ritualistic dance form, the need to "entertain" has become increasingly paramount” by Falcone.<ref name=":1" /> In order to turn this social dance into a competitive activity, many aspects of the dance, such as the formations, the moves, and structures, have changed. The new evolved style is described in further detail below under “ The Garba-Raas Competitive Dance Style”.

Similarities that remain between the traditional style and the competitive style are the clothing, the music, and the basics moves. Jessica Falcone points out that dancers prefer to identify the new dance style as a branch of Garba and Dandiya-raas but in reality she states that intercollegiate Garba-Raas is transforming into its own dance style.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Collegiate_Garba-Raas.jpg|thumb|Collegiate Garba-Raas Team in Traditional Clothing]]

==== The Garba-Raas Competition Dance ====
The structure competition dance consists of 12-16 dancers who perform 8-9 continuous dances which are a combination of [[Garba (dance)|Garba]], dandiya-raas, and tran tali.<ref name=":1" /> All dancers are required to be college students but may attend a different college from which they are representing. Teams are expected to be in traditional Garba-Raas clothing. Routines are commonly constructed with a theme that is presented throughout the dance through props and special effects.<ref name=":1" /> On stage the dance is described as "very intense and high-energy: (1) the music is usually a faster tempo than the other forms of Garba-Raas discussed previously, (2) dancers are taught a form of fast head-bobbing, (3) manic smiles are pasted on each dancer in order to emphasize enthusiasm to judges".<ref name=":1" />

==== RAS ====
Raas all-stars is the national organization under which the collegiate Garba-Raas competitions and teams functions. RAS was established in 2009.<ref name=":2" /> They are responsible for certifying eligible competitions and hosting the national championship at the end of each season.<ref name=":2" />

==== The Structure of RAS Competitions ====
The competition season for Garba-Raas takes place at the beginning of each calendar year (January to April).<ref name=":2" /> In order to compete under the RAS organization, teams must submit applications to the certified competitions, known as Bid Competitions, by a set deadline. The application commonly includes an audition video of the team displaying a dance to three songs.<ref name=":1" /> Eight teams are then selected and invited to compete by the board of each individual competition. Each competition awards the top three teams, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place with 4 bid points, 2 bid points, and 1 bid point, respectively. The 8 teams with the highest cumulative bid point total are invited to the national RAS competition<ref name=":1" />.[[File:Mer Dandiya.jpg|thumb|Mers of Saurashtra performing Dandiya Raas]]

== Format ==
Men and women traditionally play ''dandiya-raas'' and the dance operates in pairs, meaning the group must contain an even number. Generally two lines are formed, with partners facing each other:<blockquote>The lines move clockwise, and each person steps forward to hit sticks with their partner, then moves on two people. At the end of the line, each turns and joins the line opposite, so the movement is continuous. The music starts very slowly […] It is an eight-beat time cycle called Kaherva and performed in the following manner: on the first beat your own sticks are hit together, followed by right sticks with your partner, then left sticks (or the same stick if using one). Each one then turns away to the left to hit their own sticks together before turning back to the partner to hit right sticks again, and before moving on two places to a new partner.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Performing faith|last=David|pages=138–9}}</ref></blockquote>

=== Collegiate Garba-Raas ===
Male and female students typically perform competitive garba-raas with 12-16 dancers on stage at a time and always in even numbers if possible, even though the routine itself is not completely based on partner interactions. Dancers take up an entire auditorium stage with different types of formations and movements throughout an approximately six minute dance piece. Throughout the piece, dancers either do choreography facing the audience, or interact with other partners on stage for short periods of time in a reference to the traditional roots of garba-raas. Unlike traditional dandiya-raas or garba, collegiate garba-raas does not have a set center focal point.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Falcone|first=Jessica Marie|date=2013|title="Garba With Attitude": Creative Nostalgia in Competitive Collegiate Gujarati American Folk Dancing|url=http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/journal_of_asian_american_studies/v016/16.1.falcone.html|journal=Journal of Asian American Studies|language=en|volume=16|issue=1|pages=57–89|doi=10.1353/jaas.2013.0010|issn=1096-8598}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{Dance in India}}

[[Category:Culture of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Folk dances of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Folk dances of Rajasthan]]

Dandiya Raas - Revision history

UpdateBot at 02:48, 27 December 2021