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{{Redirect|Raag Darbari|the novel|Raag Darbari (novel)}}
{{redirect|Darbari|places in Iran|Darbari, Iran (disambiguation){{!}}Darbari, Iran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Darbari Kanada
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Asavari (thaat)|Asavari]]
| type =
| time = Midnight
| season =
| arohana = S R (R)g, (R)g M P d n S'
| avarohana = S' d n P M P (M)g, (M)g M (S)R, S
| vadi = R
| samavadi = P
| pakad =
| chalan =
| synonym = Durbari
| equivalent =
| similar = {{Unbulleted list|[[Kaunsi Kanada]]|[[Adana (raga)|Adana]]}}
}}

{{Hindustani Classical Music infobox}}
'''Darbari Kanada''', or simply '''Raga Darbari''', (pronounced darbāri kānada), is a [[raga]] in the [[Kanada Raga group|Kanada family]], which is thought to have originated in [[Carnatic music]] and brought into [[Hindustani classical music]] by [[Miyan Tansen]], the legendary 16th-century composer in emperor [[Akbar]]'s court. This tradition is reflected in the name itself; ''Darbar'' is the [[Persian language|Persian]] derived word in [[Hindi]] meaning "court." As the most familiar raga in the Kanada family, it may sometimes also be called Shuddha Kanada or ''pure Kanada''. It belongs to the [[Asavari (thaat)|Asavari]] [[thaat]].<ref>
{{cite book
| title = [[Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande]]
| author = Hindustani Sangeetha Paddhati (4 volumes, [[Marathi language|Marathi]])
| year = 1909–1932
| publisher = Sangeet Karyalaya (1990 reprint)
| ISBN = 81-85057-35-4
}}This book, which establishes the Thaat system, has been widely translated.</ref> This raag is called raaga Kaanada in [[Yakshagana]].

It is also sometimes written as '''Durbari''' and '''Durbarikanada'''.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref>

== In Hindustani classical music ==
Darbari is a grave raga, played deep into the night, considered to be one of the more difficult to master, and with the potential for profound emotional impact.<ref>
{{cite web
| title = The Kanada Constellation (Part 1/3)
| author = Rajan P. Parrikar
| publisher = South Asian Women's Forum
| url = http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/kanada/
| date = 2000-12-11
| access-date = 2007-04-11
}}</ref>
Darbari is a very serious raga and hence, slow and elaborate meend and andolan are generally more preferred than light and frivolous ornamentations like murki or khatka. The improvisation of Darbari is done more in the mandra saptak, or lower octave.

The ascension of ''[[arohana]]'' is in the lower and middle octaves. In the ''[[avarohana]]'' the note Ga (''gandhar'') ''komal'' is used in a slow [[vibrato]] (''andolan'') on this note. Similarly, komal Dha is also used by Andolan. The Andolan of komal Ga and komal Dha add to the gravity of the raga. The association of the notes Ni and Pa sounds pleasing. Its [[Vadi (Hindustani classical music)|Vadi]] [[swara]] is Re and [[Samavadi]] is Pa.

[[arohana]]: S R (R)g, (R)g M P d n S'

[[avarohana]]: S' d n P M P (M)g, (M)g M (S)R, S

For reference, the set of notes in the Asavari thaat is S R g M P d n, and for Darbari, the role of the ''komal gandhar'' is crucial, as is dwelling on the lower komal dhaivat for some time.

Other ragas in the Kanada family include [[Nayaki Kanada]], [[Abhogi Kanada]], [[Shahana Kanada]], [[Kaushi Kanada]], Bageshree Kanada and [[Adana (raga)|Adana]]. (see Adana is part of the [[Kanada Raga group]])

{{Listen
|filename = Abdul Wahid Khan - Raga Darbari Kanada.ogg
|title = Raga Darbari Kanada
|description = [[Abdul Wahid Khan]] performs Raga Darbari Kanada in 1947
}}

==Important recordings==
* [[Ustad Amir Khan|Amir Khan]], Raagaas Maarwa and Darbaari, [[Odeon Records|Odeon]] [[LP record|LP (long-playing record)]], ODEON-MOAE 103, later reissued by [[HMV]] as EMI-EALP1253, critically regarded as a benchmark for both Maarwa and Darbaari.
* [[D. V. Paluskar|Pt. D. V. Paluskar]], Jhanak Jhanakva More Bitchuwa, Golden Milestones, D. V. Paluskar. This is actually closer to raag Adaana than Darbaari.[[Adana (raga)| ]]

== In Carnatic music ==
It is an ''ubhaya vakra [[sampurna raga|sampurna]]'' rāgam derived from the 20th [[melakarta]] rāgam [[Natabhairavi]].<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> Its ''ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa'' structure is as follows (see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on the notations used):
*[[Arohana|ārohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G2|S|M1|P|D1|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|avarohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S'|D1|N2|P|M1|P|G2|R2|S|foot=yes}}

This scale uses the notes ''chatusruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham, kaisiki nishadham''.<ref name="ragas" />

== Compositions in Carnatic music ==
''Govardhana Giridhara'' by [[Narayana Teerthar]]{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

''Nee ninaindhal'' by [[Periyasaami Thooran]]{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

''Pâdodhi Kanyakâm'' by [[Kalyani Varadarajan]]{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

''Devan ke pati Indra'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]]

== Film Songs ==
===Language: [[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!style="background:#9370DB" |Song
!style="background:#9370DB" |Movie
!style="background:#9370DB" |Composer
!style="background:#9370DB" |Singer
|-
|Maravai Puthainthavodu
|[[Thiruneelakantar]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Mullai Malar Mele
|[[Uthama Puthiran (1958 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]
|[[G. Ramanathan]]
|rowspan="2"|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Azhagu Dheivam
|[[Pesum Dheivam]]
|rowspan="2"|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
|Chinna Siriya Vannaparavai
|[[Kungumam (film)|Kungumam]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Nee Varavillaiyenil Aadharavedhu
|[[Mangaiyar Thilakam]]
|[[Susarla Dakshinamurthi]]
|M. Sathyam
|-
|Bagavaane Mounam Eno
|[[Rambaiyin Kaadhal (1956 film)|Rambaiyin Kaadhal]]
|[[T. R. Pappa]]
|[[Seerkazhi Govindarajan]]
|-
|Ponn Enbean Siru
|[[Policekaran Magal]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Viswanathan-Ramamoorthy]]
|[[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Naanichivandhana
|[[Karnan (1964 film)]]
|[[Thiruchi Loganathan]]
|-
|Vasanthathil Orr Naal
|[[Moondru Dheivangal]]
| rowspan="5" |[[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| rowspan="2" |[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Thiruppugazhai Pada Pada
|[[Gowri Kalyanam]]
|-
|Kelviyin Nayagane
|[[Apoorva Raagangal]]
|[[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|Indha Pachaikillikoru
| rowspan="2" |[[Needhikku Thalaivanangu]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Varalakshmi]]
|-
|Kanavugale Aayiram
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Maruthamalai Maamaniye
|[[Dheivam]]
|[[Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan]]
|[[Madurai Somu]]
|-
|Isaimedaiyil Intha Velayil
|[[Ilamai Kaalangal]]
|rowspan="8"|[[Illayaraja]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Vidhaitha Vidhai
|[[Ethanai Konam Ethanai Parvai]]
|[[Deepan Chakravarthy]],B. S. Sasirekha
|-
|Poomaalai Vaangi Vanthaan
|[[Sindhu Bhairavi (film)|Sindhu Bhairavi]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Kalyana Thennila
|[[Mounam Sammadham]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Agaya Vennilavey
|[[Arangetra Velai]]
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|Marugo Marugo
|[[Sathi Leelavathi (1995 film)|Sathileelavathi]]
|[[Kamal Haasan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Mannava Mannava
|[[Walter Vetrivel]]
|Sunandha
|-
|Enakku Piditha Paadal (Jonpuri Traces)
|[[Julie Ganapathi]]
|[[Vijay Yesudas]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
|Antha Indira Logame
|Ponnu Pidichirukku
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Pudhu Vellai Mazhai
|[[Roja (film)|Roja]]
|rowspan="6"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Unni Menon]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Kaatre En Vasal
|[[Rhythm (2000 film)|Rhythm]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]
|-
|Kelamal Kaiyile
|[[Azhagiya Tamil Magan]]
|[[Sriram Parthasarathy]], [[Saindhavi]]
|-
|Oru Deivam Thantha Poove
|[[Kannathil Muthamittal]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[Chinmayi]]
|-
|Thenmerku Paruva Kaatru
|[[Karuththamma]]
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[K.S. Chitra]], [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]]
|-
|Naane Varugiren
|[[O Kadhal Kanmani|Ok Kanmani]]
|Sathya Prakash, [[Shashaa Tirupati]]
|-
|Malare Mounama
|[[Karnaa]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Nee Kaatru Naan Maram
|[[Nilaave Vaa]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Atri Thingal
|[[Sivappathigaram]]
|[[Madhu Balakrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Orey Manam
|[[Villain (2002 film)]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]]
|-
|Ennai Konja Konja(Raga Malhar touches)
|[[Aathi]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Malaikaatru vanthu
|[[Vedham]]
|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
|-
|Thenamara Thoopukulle
|[[Therku Theru Machan]]
|rowspan="6"|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|rowspan=2|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Eppadi Eppadi
|[[Indhu]]
|-
|Tajmahale
|[[Periya Thambi]]
|rowspan=2|[[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
|-
|Un Uthattora
|[[Panchalankurichi (film)|Panchalankurichi]]
|-
|Paatha Kolusu Saththam
|Shenbhagam
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Thalaiva Naan
|[[Gandhi Pirantha Mann]]
|Kuzhandhai Velu, [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Vinnothaney
|[[Thennavan]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|[[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Mahalakshmi Iyer]]
|-
|Malargale Malaravendam
|[[Pudhukottaiyilirundhu Saravanan]]
|[[Bombay Jayashree]]
|-
|Pookal Pookum
|[[Madrasapattinam]]
|rowspan="4"|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|[[Roop Kumar Rathod]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]] & [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
|Azhagu
|[[Saivam]]
|[[Uthara Unnikrishnan]](National Award for Best Female playback singer)
|-
|Manasellam Mazhaiye
|[[Saguni]]
|[[Sonu Nigam]], [[Saindhavi]] & [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|-
|Uyirin Uyire
|[[Thaandavam]]
|[[Saindhavi]], [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]],Sathya Prakash
|-
|Nee Malaraa Malaraa
|[[Arputham]]
|Shiva
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Kuzhanthaikku Pasiyeduthal
|[[Mani Rathnam (film)|Mani Rathnam]]
|[[Sirpy]]
|Arunmozhi, [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Chillendru
|[[Ezhumalai]]
|[[Mani Sharma]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
|Konjam Thenkasi(Charanam in Nattai)
|[[Thenkasi Pattanam]]
|[[Suresh Peters]]
|[[K.S. Chitra]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]],Sriram
|-
|Velli Nilavae
|[[Eeswaran]]
|[[S. Thaman]]
|ML Gayatri
|}

===Language: [[Malayalam]]===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song !! Movie !! Composer !! Singer
|-
| Ariyathe Ariyathe || Ravanaprabhu || Suresh Peters || K.S. Chitra, P. Jayachandran
|-
| Aayiram Padasarangal || Nadi || G. Devarajan || K. J. Yesudas
|-
| Dukhame || Pushpanjali || M. K. Arjunan || K. J. Yesudas
|-
|Shivadam Shivanaam
|Mazhavillu
|Mohan Sithara
|MG Sreekumar, KS Chithra
|}

==See also==

*[[List of Film Songs based on Ragas]]

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://learnharmonium.com/2016/01/raag-darbari-song-list.html Film Songs in Rag Darbari Kanada]
*[http://oceanofragas.com/ocean_htmlpages/DarbariKanada.html More details about raga DarbariKanada]

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas|Kanb]]
[[Category:Janya Ragas]]

Darbari Kanada - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 21:22, 13 August 2023