>Мастер Шторм at 14:59, 1 June 2021

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'''Darogas''' (also spelled '''Daroghas''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|داروغہ }}}})) were police officials in the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier|author=Shah Mahmoud Hanifi|author-link=Shah Mahmoud Hanifi|publisher=Stanford University Press|date=2011|page=142|isbn=0-8047-7411-0}}</ref> In the Mughal Empire, a daroga was superintendent of the "slaves" of a Mughal monarch.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mughal India According to European Travel Accounts: Texts and Studies, Volume 78 |edition=reprint |first1=Fuat |last1=Sezgin |first2=Mazin |last2=Amawi |first3=Carl |last3=Ehrig-Eggert |first4=Eckhard |last4=Neubauer |author1-link=Fuat Sezgin |year=1997 |publisher=Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University |place=Frankfurt, Germany |lccn=2002487182 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t1afUpzvevAC&q=%22Daroga+or+Superintendent+of+the+Emperor%27s+slaves%22 |quote-page=176 |quote=...Daroga or Superintendent of the Emperor's slaves...}}</ref>

==Duties performed by daroga==
The darogas served in the armies of [[Kachhwaha]]s and Mughals; and in accordance with the duties performed by them, the darogas were given various titles like ''daroga-i-sutarkhana'', ''daroga-i-topkhana'', and ''daroga-i-baroodkhana''.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Indica |title=Volume 22 |year=1985 |publisher=Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai]] |place=India |issn=0019-686X |lccn=sa66002480 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3gdDAAAAYAAJ&q=daroga |quote-pages=143–144 |quote=The camel corps and camel gun was a very useful war innovation in the deserts of Rajasthan in general and Jaipur in particular. The camel corps was looked after by a separate department known as ''Sutar-Khana''. The ''daroga-i-sutarkhana'' headed this department under the direct control of the State ''bakhshi'' and assisted by a ''mushrif'', who maintained the records of expenditure and managed the other requirements of the corps. [..] This department used to cast cannon and was headed by a daroga. The Kachhwaha rulers and their artillery always remained in contact with the Mughal army. Therefore, their influence was natural. That is why the posts and designations in Kachhwaha artillery were similar to those of the Mughals. The department was headed by the ''daroga-i-topkhana'' who was assisted by the ''amir, mushrif, potedar, topchi, golandaj, musketeers, barkandaj'' and blacksmith. These officers were also attached to the department of ordnance which was known as ''Mahakma Atish'' and ''Baroodkhana''. It was the duty of the ''daroga-i-baroodkhana'' to arrange necessary materials like lead, flax bags, salt-petre, glass and ''palitas'' for the manufacturing of gunpowder in the state. The Kachhwaha rulers used to give salary in cash to their topchi. The local soldiers were offered land; most of the musketeers were foreigners. But the officers' class was more among them. The British also succeeded in getting jobs in the Kachhwaha artillery with the rising influence of the British over Rajputana and came to be known as ''Firangis''. The cannon which were used by the army can be classified as heavy and light artillery.}}</ref>

Daroghas answered to district [[magistrate]]s who were in charge of areas at least {{convert|100|sqmi|ha acre}}; because the magistrates were responsible for such a large area, the daroghas were normally the most powerful [[Local government|local authorities]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Crime, Gender, and Sexuality in Criminal Prosecutions|page=[https://archive.org/details/crimegendersexua0017unse/page/113 113]|volume=17|author=Louis A. Knafla|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|date=2002|isbn=0-313-31013-0|url=https://archive.org/details/crimegendersexua0017unse/page/113}}</ref> In some cases, they were in charge of factories.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Waqai-i manazil-i Rum: Tipu Sultan's mission to Constantinople|page=14|author=Mohibbul Hasan|publisher=Aakar Books|date=2005|isbn=81-87879-56-4}}</ref> The darogas also had command over the police in rural areas.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies |editor-first=S. P. |editor-last=Sen |title=Volume 9 |year=1970 |publisher=Institute of Historical Studies |place=Kolkata, India |issn=0033-5800 |lccn=sa63003439 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfJtAAAAMAAJ&q=%22rural+police%22+%22Daroga%22 |quote-page=95 |quote=The rural police were subject to the orders of the Daroga...}}</ref>

===Female daroga===
The women assigned to the administration of the imperial [[Zenana#Resident population|harem]] were also given the title of darogha. The position was appointed by the emperor himself, and marked a great honor for the woman and her family.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Mughal Harem|last=Lal|first=K.S.|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|year=1988|isbn=8185179034|location=New Delhi|pages=52}}</ref> Consequently, the women given these posts were chosen because they were well brought up, educated and from respectable families.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Royal Mughal Ladies and their Contributions|last=Mukherjee|first=Soma|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|year=2001|isbn=8121207606|location=New Delhi|pages=37}}</ref> [[Nur Jahan#Birth and early childhood|Asmat Banu Begam]], the mother of Empress [[Nur Jahan]], had at one time acted in this role.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri: or memoirs of Jahangir|last=Jahangir|first=Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|year=1974|location=Lahore|pages=216|oclc=83636859}}</ref> Female daroghas were tasked with maintaining court etiquette and keeping the peace within the harem.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Ain-i-Akbari|last=Abu'l Fazl Ibn-Mubarak|publisher=Munishram Manoharlal|others=H. Blochman, tr.|year=1977|editor-last=D.C, Phillot|location=New Delhi|pages=45–47|oclc=631607437}}</ref>

==Daroga by birth==
[[Ramya Sreenivasan]] stated that the male children born from "the illegitimate union of Rajputs and their inferiors" were referred to as daroga and gola, while the female children born from such union were referred to as darogi and goli.<ref>{{cite book |title=Slavery and South Asian History |year=2006 |pages=136–161 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |place=Bloomington, USA |editor1-first=Indrani |editor1-last=Chatterjee |editor2-first=Richard M. |editor2-last=Eaton |editor2-link=Richard M. Eaton |article=Drudges, Dancing Girls, Concubines: Female Slaves in Rajput Polity, 1500–1850 |first=Ramya |last=Sreenivasan |article-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nsh8NHDQHlcC&pg=PA136 |isbn=978-0253116710 |lccn=2006008098 |oclc=191950586 |quote-page=144 |quote=More derogatory terms included ''gola'' (fem. ''goli'') and ''daroga'' (fem. ''darogi''), each suggesting descent from the illegitimate union of Rajputs and their "inferiors".}}</ref>

==Ravana Rajputs==
{{main|Ravana Rajputs}}
Lindsey Harlan identified the darogas with the [[Ravana Rajputs]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Religion and Rajput Women: The Ethic of Protection in Contemporary Narratives |chapter=Satimata Tradition: The Transformative Process |first=Lindsey |last=Harlan |orig-year=First published 1992 |year=2018 |pages=112–153 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0520301757 |lccn=91002389 |oclc=1031457813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97jADwAAQBAJ&q=%22Darogas+%28also+called+Ravana+Rajputs%29%22 |quote-page=145 |quote=They would be Darogas (also called Ravana Rajputs), who constitute an endogamous caste of palace servants.}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mughal Empire}}

[[Category:Gubernatorial titles]]
[[Category:Law enforcement titles]]
[[Category:Government of the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Positions of subnational authority]]
[[Category:Historical law enforcement occupations]]
[[Category:Mughal Harem]]

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Daroga - Revision history

>Мастер Шторм at 14:59, 1 June 2021