2401:4900:45B8:74A1:1:1:91A6:669F at 13:41, 15 December 2021

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{{short description|Indian freedom fighter and politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}

{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Darshan Singh Pheruman
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Darshan Singh Pheruman.jpg
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| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1885|08|01}}
| birth_place = Pheruman, [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1969|10|27|1885|08|01}}
| death_place = Amritsar, [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India
| death_cause = [[Hunger strike]]
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| nationality = Indian
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| title = Member of [[Rajya Sabha|Parliament]]
| term = 1947 - 1964
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| party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /><small>(1947 - 1959)</small><br />[[Swatantra Party]]
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'''Darshan Singh Pheruman''' (1 August 1885 – 27 October 1969) was an Indian freedom fighter, [[Sikh]] activist and politician.

==Early life==
Darshan Singh Pheruman was born on 1 August 1885 at [[Amritsar]], India in a Sikh family. In 1912, he joined [[Indian Army]] as a [[sepoy]]. In 1914, he left the Army and started his own construction business in [[Hisar (city)|Hissar]].<ref name=sa>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Ranjit|title=Sikh Achievers|date=2008|publisher=Hemkunt Publishers|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-8170103653|pages=36–37}}</ref>

==Pre-Independence activism==
Later, Pheruman gave up his business and joined the [[Akali movement|Gurdwara Reform Movement]]. In 1921, he was arrested and jailed for one year during an agitation launched to recover the keys of the [[Harmandir Sahib|Golden Temple]] treasury from the British deputy commissioner of Amritsar. In December 1924, as a part of the Gurdwara Reform Movement, he led a group of Sikhs referred to as Shahidi [[jatha]] (14th of total 16 groups) into the [[Jaito]] agitation. He was arrested and jailed for ten months. The agitation ended with the enactment of the [[Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Saka Gangsar Sahib|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/gangsar.html|accessdate=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227221853/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/gangsar.html|archive-date=27 December 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1926, he took part in the [[Non-cooperation movement]] launched by the [[Indian National Congress]] and went to jail for 14 months. In 1926, he visited [[British Malaya|Malaya]] and was arrested because of his past record in India. In jail, he was not allowed to wear [[Kacchera]], one the [[The Five Ks|five articles]] of Sikh faith, which a Sikh must wear all the time. As a protest, he went on [[hunger strike]] for over three weeks. Upon his return from Malaya, he joined the civil disobedience movement and went to jail three times. He favored the Akali Dal participation in [[Quit India Movement]] and himself took part in it.<ref name=sa/><ref name=sh>{{cite web|title=Darshan Signh Pheruman (1885–1969)|url=http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/pheruman.html|accessdate=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105014455/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/personalities/sewadars/pheruman.html|archive-date=5 January 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Singh|first1=Bhupinderl|title=Politics of factionalism in Punjab: a critical study of Shiromani Akali Dal|journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science|date=October 2006|volume=67|issue=4|page=841|jstor=41856267}}</ref>

==Post-Independence==
After the Indian independence, Pheruman became a member of [[Rajya Sabha]] until 1964. In 1959, he left the [[Indian National Congress]] and joined the newly formed [[Swatantra Party]].<ref name=sa/><ref name=sh/>

==Fast unto death==
After the creation of [[Punjab, India]] on linguistic lines in 1966, Akali Dal demanded that Chandigarh and certain other Punjabi speaking areas which were not part of Punjab should be transferred to Punjab. On 17 December 1966, Akali Dal leader [[Fateh Singh (Sikh leader)|Sant Fateh Singh]] went into a fast and threatened to self-immolate himself 10 days later on 27 December 1966.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nijjar|first1=Bakhshish Singh|title=Indian Panjab, 1947–1966|date=1985|publisher=ABS Publications|page=160}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Grewal|first1=J. S.|title=The Sikhs of the Punjab|date=March 2008|isbn=9781139053365|pages=205–227|url=http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9781139053365&cid=CBO9781139053365A014|accessdate=27 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208210235/http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9781139053365&cid=CBO9781139053365A014|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, Indian Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] promised to arbitrate the dispute and Fateh Singh ended his fast on 27 December 1966. However, no action was taken. In August 1969, Pheruman accused Fateh Singh of lowering the dignity of Sikhism by breaking his [[ardas]] (pledge). He announced he would fast until death for the disputed areas and to uphold to dignity of ardas. He was arrested on 12 August in [[Amritsar]] and on 15 August started a fast inside the jail. On 27 August he was admitted into hospital but refused all forms of feeding.<ref>{{cite news|last1=ਸਿੰਘ|first1=ਸ਼ੁਭਦੀਪ|title=ਅਕਾਲੀ ਦਲ ਨੇ ਫੇਰੂਮਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਂਗਰਸੀ ਕਹਿਕੇ ਭੰਡਿਆ ਸੀ|url=http://punjabi.punjabupdate.com/ਅਕਾਲੀ-ਦਲ-ਨੇ-ਫੇਰੂਮਾਨ-ਨੂੰ-ਕਾ/|accessdate=28 January 2015|agency=Punjab Update.com|date=28 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032537/http://punjabi.punjabupdate.com/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE/#|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ਅੱਜ ਫਿਰ ਅਾੲੀ ਭਾੲੀ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਫੇਰੂਮਾਨ ਯਾਦ |url=http://www.1khalsa.com/sikh-history/ਅੱਜ-ਫਿਰ-ਅਾੲੀ-ਭਾੲੀ-ਦਰਸ਼ਨ-ਸਿੰ/ |accessdate=28 January 2015 }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He died on 27 October 1969, the 74th day of his hunger strike.<ref name=sa/><ref name=sh/><ref>{{cite book|title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1973|date=December 1973|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|isbn=9004035389|pages=54–57|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QYVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA57|access-date=27 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208210857/https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=8QYVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA57|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> After his death, his supporters floated a new Akali Dal named after him.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bakshi|first1=S. R.|last2=Sharma|first2=Sitaram Ram|last3=Gajrani|first3=S|title=Parkash Singh Badal: Chief Minister of Punjab|year=1998|publisher=A P H Publishing Corporation|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170249872|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cyebnJdCFlEC&pg=PA70|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208203504/https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=cyebnJdCFlEC&pg=PA70|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Shaheed Darshan Singh Pheruman Memorial College for Women and Shaheed Darshan Singh Pheruman Public School were established in 1974 and 1981 respectively in his memory by the Shaheed Darshan Singh Pheruman Memorial Trust.<ref>{{cite news|title=ਬਰਸੀ 'ਤੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਫੇਰੂਮਾਨ|url=http://beta.ajitjalandhar.com/news/20131027/2/338522.cms|accessdate=28 January 2015|agency=Ajit|date=27 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208203553/http://beta.ajitjalandhar.com/news/20131027/2/338522.cms|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shaheed Darshan Singh Pheruman Public School|url=http://sdsppschool.in|accessdate=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208210941/http://sdsppschool.in/|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A Sikh [[Gurdwara]] in [[Dholewal]] is also named after him.<ref>{{cite news|title=Regional Briefs|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020414/region.htm|accessdate=28 January 2015|work=The Tribune|date=14 April 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010170320/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020414/region.htm|archive-date=10 October 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Giani Ditt Singh]], a [[Sikh]] scholar, poet, editor and [[Singh Sabha Movement|Singh Sabha]] reformer.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pheruman, Darshan Singh}}
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Punjab (British India)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Swatantra Party politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:People from Amritsar district]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:People who died on hunger strike]]

Darshan Singh Pheruman - Revision history

2401:4900:45B8:74A1:1:1:91A6:669F at 13:41, 15 December 2021