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{{short description|Ethnoreligious community in India}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{infobox ethnic group
| group = Deccani
| image = Portrait of Burhan Nizam Shah II.jpg
| image_caption =
| population = 11,747,400 (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kcm.co.kr/bethany_eng/p_code2/747.html|title=Deccani population statistics, 2011}}</ref>
| popplace = [[India]] • [[Saudi Arabia]] • [[Pakistan]] • [[United Arab Emirates]] • [[United States of America]] • [[United Kingdom]] • [[Canada]] • [[Turkey]]
| languages = [[Deccani language|Deccani]]
| rels = [[File:Allah-green.svg|15px]] '''[[Islam]]'''<br>'''Majority'''<br>[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px|link=]] [[Sunni Islam]] <br>'''Minority'''<br> [[Shia]] (incl. [[Isma'ilism]] and [[Twelver Shi'ism]])
| related = • [[Hyderabadi Muslims]] • [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajir people]]
| native_name_lang =
}}
The '''Deccanis''' or '''Deccani people''' are an [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] ethno-religious community of [[Deccani language|Deccani-speaking]] [[Muslims]] who inhabit or are from the [[Deccan]] region of [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard M. |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/A_Social_History_of_the_Deccan_1300_1761/cGd2huLXEVYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=deccanis&pg=PA69&printsec=frontcover |title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives |date=2005-11-17 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-25484-7 |language=en}}</ref> The community traces its origins to the shifting of the [[Delhi Sultanate]]'s capital from [[Delhi]] to [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]] in 1327 during the reign of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aggarwal|first=Dr Malti Malik and Mala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1FADAAAQBAJ&q=muhammad+bin+tughlaq+shifted+his+capital+from+delhi+to&pg=PA33|title=Social Science|publisher=New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-93-5199-083-3|language=en}}</ref> Further ancestry can also be traced from immigrant Muslims referred to as [[Afāqi|Afaqis]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Āfāqī {{!}} people {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/afaqi |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> also known as Pardesis who came from [[Central Asia]], [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]] and had settled in the Deccan region during the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] (1347). The migration of Muslim [[Hindustani language|Hindavi]]-speaking people to the Deccan and intermarriage with the local Hindus who converted to Islam,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ&dq=deccanis&pg=PA41 |title=The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700: Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India |date=2015-03-08 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6815-5 |language=en}}</ref> led to the creation of a new community of [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]-speaking Muslims, known as the Deccani, who would come to play an important role in the politics of the Deccan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Burton|first=J.|date=February 1968|title=V. N. Misra and M. S. Mate Indian prehistory: 1964. (Deccan College Building Centenary and Silver Jubilee Series, No.32.) xxiii, 264 pp. Poona: Deccan college postgraduate and Research Institute, 1965. Rs.15.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00113035|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|volume=31|issue=1|pages=162–164|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00113035|s2cid=161064253 |issn=0041-977X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Their language, Deccani, emerged as a language of linguistic prestige and culture during the Bahmani Sultanate, further evolving in the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanates]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Bahmani-sultanate|title=Bahmani sultanate {{!}} historical Muslim state, India|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref>

Following the demise of the Bahmanis, the [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan Sultanate]] period marked a golden age for Deccani culture, notably in the [[Deccan painting|arts]], language, and [[Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanates|architecture]].<ref name="metmuseum">{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/press/exhibitions/2015/sultans-of-deccan-india|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500-1700 Opulence and Fantasy | The Metropolitan Museum of Art|publisher=metmuseum.org|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref> The Deccani people form significant minorities in the [[Deccan]], including the [[Maharashtra|Maharashtran]] regions of [[Marathwada]] and [[Vidarbha]], and the states of [[Telangana]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]] (except [[Tulu Nadu]]) and northern [[Tamil Nadu]]. They form a majority in the old cities of Hyderabad and Aurangabad.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-02|title=Urdu is the 2nd most spoken language in 5 states|url=https://www.siasat.com/urdu-2nd-most-spoken-language-5-states-1604362/|access-date=2021-03-04|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Eaton|first1=Richard Maxwell|title=Sufis of Bijapur, 1300 - 1700 : social roles of Sufis in medieval India|date=1996|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publ.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8121507400|page=41|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j2F9BgAAQBAJ&q=arab+deccan&pg=PA56|access-date=11 May 2016}}</ref> After the [[Partition of India]] and the [[annexation of Hyderabad]], large diaspora communities formed outside the Deccan, especially in [[Pakistan]], where they make up a significant portion of the Urdu speaking minority, the [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)|Muhajirs]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HQCvgavbQjgC|title=Locating Home: India's Hyderabadis Abroad|last=Leonard|first=Karen Isaksen|date=2007-01-01|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804754422|language=en}}</ref>

The Deccani people are further divided into various groups that can broadly be lumped into three: the [[Hyderabadi Muslims|Hyderabadis]] (from [[Hyderabad State]]); Mysoris (from [[Mysore State|Mysore state]], including [[Bangalore]]), and Madrasis (from [[Madras State|Madras state]], including [[Kurnool]], [[Nellore]], [[Guntur]] and [[Chennai]]). Deccani is the [[First language|mother tongue]] of most Muslims in the states of Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and it is spoken by a section of Muslims in Maharashtra, [[Goa]], [[Kerala]] and Tamil Nadu.

==History==
The word ''Deccani'' ({{langx|fa|دکنی}} from [[Shauraseni Prakrit|Prakrit]] ''dakkhin'' "south") was derived in the court of [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani]] rulers in 1487 AD during [[Mahmood Shah Bahmani II|Sultan Mahmood Shah Bahmani II]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Prince;Poet;Lover;Builder: Mohd. Quli Qutb Shah - The founder of Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4B_iDQAAQBAJ|author=Narendra Luther|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|year=1991|isbn=9788123023151|access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref>

<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="150px">

File:Deccani Horseman.png|A medieval Deccani Muslim horseman
File:Bahamani-sultanate-map.svg|Map of the Bahmanid empire
</gallery>

The Bahmanid empire was founded by [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah|Hasan Gangu]], or also known as Zafar Khan, a ruler of Afghan or Turk origin. following the [[Rebellion of Ismail Mukh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jenkins|first=Everett|title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, Volume 1 |publisher=McFarland |year=2015 |isbn=9781476608884 |pages=257 |language=English|quote=Zafar Khan alias Alauddin Hasan Gangu ('Ala al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah), an Afghan or a Turk soldier, revolted against Delhi and established the Muslim Kingdom of Bahmani on August 3 in the South (Madura) and ruled as Sultan Alauddin Bahman Shah.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Kulke|first1=Hermann|title=A History of India |last2=Rothermund|first2=Dietmar|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2004|isbn=9780415329200 |pages=181 |language=English|quote=The Bahmani sultanate of the Deccan Soon after Muhammad Tughluq left Daulatabad, the city was conquered by Zafar Khan, a Turkish or Afghan officer of unknown descent, had earlier participated in a mutiny of troops in Gujarat.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |title=The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700-1800 CE |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9781108417747 |pages=87 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kerr|first=Gordon|title=A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse |publisher=Oldcastle Books Ltd|year=2017|isbn=9781843449232|pages=160|language=English|quote=In the early fourteenth century, the Muslim Bahmani kingdom of the Deccan emerged following Alauddin's conquest of the south. Zafar Khan, an Afghan general and governor appointed by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, was victorious against the troops of the Delhi Sultanate, establishing the Bahmani kingdom with its capital at Ahsanabad (modern-day Gulbarga).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Jonathan |title=Ferishta's History of Dekkan from the first Mahummedan conquests: with a continuation from other native writers, of the events in that part of India, to the reduction of its last monarchs by the emperor Aulumgeer Aurungzebe: also, the reigns of his successors in the empire of Hindoostan to the present day: and the history of Bengal, from the accession of Aliverdee Khan to the year 1780 |publisher=hansebooks |year=2016 |isbn=9783743414709 |pages=15|quote=Some Authors write that he was descended from Bahman, one of the ancient kings of Persia. And I have seen a pedigree of him, fo derived (?), in the royal library of Ahmednagar: but am inclined to believe, such lineage was only framed upon his accession to royalty, by flatterers and poets, and that his origin is too obscure to be authentically traced. The apellation of Bahmani, he certainly took in compliment to Kango Brahmin, which is often pronounced Bhamen, and by tribe he was an Afghan.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Wink|first=Andre|title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries |publisher=BRILL|year=1991|isbn=9781843449232|pages=144|language=English}}</ref> Hasan Gangu revolted against the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] of the [[Delhi Sultanate]], with the revolt being led by another Afghan, named Ismail Mukh.<ref name="Ahmed Farooqui 2011 150">{{Cite book |last=Ahmed Farooqui |first=Salma |title=Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century |publisher=Pearson |year=2011 |isbn=9789332500983 |pages=150}}</ref> Ismail Mukh succeeded and then abdicated in favor of Zafar Khan, who founded the Bahmani Sultanate.<ref name="Ahmed Farooqui 2011 150"/><ref>{{cite book |title= Anecdotes from Islam |author= Ibrahim Khan |publisher= M. Ashraf |year= 1960 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jaQGAQAAIAAJ&q=native+of+delhi }}</ref> Hasan Gangu was one of the inhabitants of Delhi who were forced to immigrate to Daulatabad in the during the Delhi Sultanate, with the purpose of building a large Muslim urban centre in the Deccan.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=O_WNqSH4ByQC |page= 34 |title=Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi |date= 1996 |publisher= Popular Prakashan |author1=A. Rā Kulakarṇī |author2=M. A. Nayeem |author3=Teotonio R. De Souza |isbn= 9788171545797 }}</ref>

===Vijayanagara Wars===
[[File:Deccan-bands-tulwar-1.jpg|thumb|All Steel Deccani Sword, the Tulwar]]
The Bahmanids' aggressive confrontation with the two main Hindu kingdoms of the southern Deccan, Warangal and Vijayanagar, made them renowned among Muslims as warriors of the faith.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250-1800|author= Sheila Blair, Sheila S. Blair, Jonathan M. Bloom |date= 25 September 1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mhIgewDtNkC&dq=warangal+bahmanids&pg=PA156 |page=159| publisher=Yale University Press |isbn= 0300064659 }}</ref> Ahmad Shah Bahmani I conquered Warangal kingdom in 1425, annexing it to the empire. The Vijayanagar empire, which had subdued the Madurai Sultanate after a conflict lasting four decades, found a natural enemy in the Bahmanids of the northern Deccan, over the control of the Godavari-basin, Tungabadhra Doab, and the Marathwada country, although they seldom required a pretext for declaring war.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&dq=warangal+bahmanids&pg=PA1072 |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam |author= E. J. Brill |date=1993 |page=1072 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004097940 }}</ref> Military conflicts between the Bahmanids and Vijayanagara were almost a regular feature and lasted as long as these kingdoms continued. These military conflicts resulted in widespread devastation of the contested areas by both sides, resulting in considerable loss of life and property.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKxiDwAAQBAJ&dq=warangal+bahmanids&pg=PA183|title= Medieval India UPSC Preparation Books History Series |publisher=Mocktime Publication |date=2011 }}</ref> Military slavery involved captured slaves from Vijayanagar and having them embrace a Deccani identity by converting them to Islam and integrating into the host society, so they could begin military careers within the Bahmanid empire. This was the origin of powerful political leaders such as Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cGd2huLXEVYC&dq=slaves+deccani&pg=PA126 |title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Part 1, Volume 8 |author=Richard M. Eaton |date=17 November 2005 |page=126 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521254847 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UHoxEAAAQBAJ&dq=deccanis+bahri&pg=PA67 |title=Local States in an Imperial World |page=72 |author=Roy S. Fischel |date=2020 |isbn=9781474436090 }}</ref>

===Deccan Sultanates===
The five [[Deccan Sultanates]] of diverse origins continued to identify as successor states of the Bahmanid dynasty as the basis of legitimacy, and minted Bahmanid coins rather than issue their own coins.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gSaODwAAQBAJ&dq=deccani+political+identity+bahmani&pg=PA59 |title=The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate |page=59 |author=Pushkar Sohoni |date=2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=9781838609283 }}</ref> The [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahs]] and [[Berar Sultanate|Berar Shahs]] were founded by the heads of the Deccani Muslim party.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3tDAAAAYAAJ&q=nizam+mulk+bahri+dakhani |title=Ancient India and South Indian History & Culture |author=Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar |date=1951|page=81 |publisher=Oriental Book Agency }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YW5CAQAAMAAJ&q=Fathullah+Imad+-+ul+-+Mulk+,+Malik+Hasan+Nizam+-+ul+-+Mulk+,+and+his+son+,+Malik+Ahmad+,+Deccanis+%3B+and+Khudawand+... |title= Historic Landmarks of the Deccan |page=6 |author= Thomas Wolseley Haig · |date=101|publisher=Pioneer Press }}</ref> The [[Bijapur Sultanate|Adil Shahi]] Sultanate, which was founded by a Shia [[Georgians|Georgian slave]], also switched to a Deccani ethnic and political identity under [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]], who established Sunnism (the religion of the Deccani Muslims).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Navina Najat Haidar|author2=Marika Sardar|title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy|url=https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid|url-access=registration|date=13 Apr 2015|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=9780300211108|page=[https://archive.org/details/sultansofdeccani1500haid/page/6 6]|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Shanti Sadiq Ali|title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times|date=1 Jan 1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788125004851|page=112}}</ref> He degraded the Afaqis ''(Persians)'' and dismissed them from their posts with a few exceptions, replacing them with nobles of the Deccani party.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sanjay Subrahmanyam|title=Three Ways to be Alien: Travails and Encounters in the Early Modern World|date=2011|publisher=UPNE|isbn=9781611680195|page=36|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Richard M. Eaton|title=A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives, Volume 1|date=17 Nov 2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521254847|page=145|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Radhey Shyam Chaurasia|title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D.|date=1 Jan 2002|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=9788126901234|page=101}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Shihan de S. Jayasuriya|author2=Richard Pankhurst|title=The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean|date=2003|publisher=Africa World Press|isbn=9780865439801|pages=196–7|edition=illustrated}}</ref> Uniting in a coalition under the leadership of Hussain Nizam Shah, the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Nizam Shahi]] Sultan, the five Deccan Sultanates defeated the Hindu [[Vijayanagar empire]] in the [[Battle of Talikota]], resulting in the Sack of Vijayanagara. Hussain Nizam Shah personally beheaded the Vijayanagar Emperor, [[Aliya Rama Raya|Rama Raya]].<ref>Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (12 April 2012). "Courtly Insults". Courtly Encounters : Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia. Harvard University Press. pp. 34–102. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674067363.c2. {{ISBN|978-0-674-06736-3}}.</ref>
<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Malik-e-Maidan Bijapur.JPG|The Malik-i Maidan cannon
File:Battle of Talikota (detail).jpg|Sultan Hussain Nizam Shah I beheads Rama Raya
File:Ruins of Vijianuggur, porches in Hampi, Vijayanagara, 1868 photo.jpg|Ruins of Vijayanagar
</gallery>

===Pindaris===
The first mention of the [[Pindaris]] referred to Muslim mercenaries generally settled in the districts of Bijapur, who had served as mercenaries for the armies of most of the Muslim Deccani kingdoms. They took part in the numerous wars against the Mughals of Delhi. The disintegration of the Muslim kingdoms of the Deccan led to the gradual disbandment of the Pindaris. These were at that stage taken in the service of the [[Marathas]]. The inclusion of the Pindaris eventually became an indispensable part and parcel of the Maratha army. As a class of freebooters in Maratha armies they acted as a "sort of roving cavalry...rendering them much the same service as the Cossacks for the armies of Russia." The Pindaris would also later be used by kings such as [[Tipu Sultan]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.53026/page/n21/mode/2up?q=pindari |title=Origin growth and suppression of the Pindaris
|author= Roy, M.P. |date= 1973 }}</ref>

===18th century===
Muslim military men with Deccani background were much sought after by the Marava and Kallar warrior chiefs of the south Indian hinterland. Their fortress towns soon acquired concentrations of migrant Deccanis and Urdu-speaking service people, mostly Sunnis. These incomers included seasoned fighters who had seen service with the Mughals and the Muslim states in northern India.<ref name="Keith E. Yandell Keith E. Yandell, John J. Paul 2013 200">{{cite book |author=Keith E. Yandell Keith E. Yandell, John J. Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8UeAgAAQBAJ&dq=rohilla+urdu+speaking&pg=PA200 |title=Religion and Public Culture:Encounters and Identities in Modern South India |date=2013 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781136818011 |page=200}}</ref> This was the source of the phenomenal rise of rulers such as [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]].

====''Sultanat-i-Khudadad'' of Mysore====
Hyder Ali had initially served as an ordinary soldier for the Hindu [[Wadiyar dynasty|Wadiyar]] [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and became a cavalry officer in 1749. Once he took control of the army, he took advantage of court politics, stormed into [[Srirangapatna]], and [[Coup d'état|proclaimed himself ruler]]. Having styled himself as ''sultan'' in 1761, Hyder Ali launched [[Maratha–Mysore wars|a preemptive war]] against the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]], westernizing the army of Mysore in the process and developing the [[Mysorean rockets|first successful iron-cased rockets]] as an artillery weapon. With the withdrawal of [[Madhavrao I|Madhav Rao]], he overran the borderlands between the kingdoms and seized land and immense booty, increasing his power.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC&dq=hyder+ali+mysore+court&pg=PA456 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 |page=457 |author=Jaswant Lal Mehta |date=2005 |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. |isbn=9781932705546 }}</ref> Ultimately, this brought him into conflict with the [[East India Company]], between whom [[Anglo-Mysore Wars|a series of wars]] would begin. His son and successor Tipu Sultan would inherit both conflicts. He saw [[Siege of Bahadur Benda|victory against the Marathas]] and allied with the [[French Indies Company|French]] in order to fight the British and their allies. Eventually, after existing for 38 years, the Deccani Muslim ''Sultanat-e-Khudadad'' ({{Translation|God-gifted kingdom}}) would be defeated by an alliance of the British, [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] and the Marathas, and the Wadiyars were reinstated on the Mysori throne.<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="150px">
File:Joppen1907MysoreChickDeoWadiyar1704.jpg|Territories of the original Wadeyar kingdom
File:Hyder's Dominions in 1780.jpg|Hyder's Dominions in 1780
File:Waverley novels (1900) (14761659876).jpg|Hyder Ali as 'The Pretended Fakir'
File:General Sir David Baird Discovering the Body of Sultan Tippoo Sahib.jpg |Sir David Baird Discovering Body of Tipu Sultan
</gallery>

==Culture==
===Painting===
[[File:Hunting party deccan.jpg|thumb|Hunting party, Deccan, 1st half of 17th century]]
[[Indian painting#Malwa, Deccan and Jaunpur schools of painting|Deccani style painting]] originated in the 16th century in the Deccan region, containing an insightful native style with the blend of Persianate techniques and is similar to neighbouring Vijayanagara paintings. Due to Islamic influence, Deccani paintings are mostly of nature and inspired by local [[floral]] and [[fauna]]. Some Deccani paintings present the historical events of the region.<ref name="BE">{{citation|title=Deccani painting|publisher=britannica.com|date=10 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Mark_Zebrowski">{{cite book|title=Deccani Painting|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|pages=40–285|year=1983|isbn=0-85667-153-3| author=Mark Zebrowski}}</ref>

===Handicraft===
[[File:Bidriware Hookah.jpg|thumb|Bidriware Hookah]]

The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work on copper and silver that it came to be known as [[Bidriware|Bidri]].<ref name="TOI">{{cite news| title=Proving their mettle in metal craft| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Proving-their-mettle-in-metal-craft/articleshow/11332582.cms| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508043800/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-02/hyderabad/30580986_1_bidriware-hyderabad-bidar| url-status=live| archive-date=8 May 2013| date=2 January 2012| work=[[The Times of India]]| access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref> It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani Sultans]].<ref name="TOI"/> The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief center of production.<ref name="art">{{cite news|title=Karnataka tableau to feature Bidriware|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/karnataka-tableau-to-feature-bidriware/article1079557.ece|access-date=6 March 2015|work=The Hindu|date=11 January 2011}}</ref> Bidriware is a [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indication]] (GI) awarded craft of India.<ref name="TOI"/>

{{clear}}

== See also ==
*[[South Asian ethnic groups]]
*[[Deccani language|Dakhini]]
*[[Deccan Sultanates]]
*[[Hyderabadi Muslims]]
*[[Andhra Muslims]]

==Further reading==
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42930498?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A4d3399e813fe25bb6d2bf75052ff5a77&seq=10#page_scan_tab_contents Urban Culture of Medieval Deccan (1300 A.D. TO 1650 A.D.)]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42930820?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A64c0dabb15b84e8cd023730ef1f04f34#metadata_info_tab_contents Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Volume 22 (1963)]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hyderabadi Muslims|*]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of India|*]]
[[Category:Muhajir communities]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Deccan sultanates]]
[[Category:Deccan Plateau]]
[[Category:Ethnoreligious groups in Asia]]

Deccanis - Revision history

Filmeekeeda at 03:34, 29 January 2026