2405:201:6815:304F:D9CD:EF08:1F97:7066 at 11:36, 31 July 2021

2021-07-31T11:36:37Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Dehradun district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|District of Uttarakhand]]
| nickname =
| image_map = Dehradun district.svg
| map_caption = Location in Uttarakhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.33|N|78.06|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|..Uttarakhand Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Uttarakhand]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 11 July 1871
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Dehradun]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 = District Magistrate
| leader_name1 = Dr. Ashish Kumar Srivastava, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 3088
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,696,694
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]]
| demographics1_title2 = Native
| demographics1_info2 = [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], [[Jaunsari language|Jaunsari]]

| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UK 07
| website = {{URL|dehradun.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| leader_title2 = [[Senior Superintendent of Police|SSP]]
| leader_name2 = Yogendra singh rawat, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Dehradun district''' ({{audio|Dehradun.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a district of [[Uttarakhand]] state in northern [[India]]. The district headquarters is [[Dehradun]], which has also served as the interim capital of Uttarakhand since its founding in 2000. The district has 6 [[tehsil]]s, 6 community development blocks, 17 towns and 764 inhabited villages, and 18 unpopulated villages. As of 2011, it is the second most populous district of Uttarakhand (out of [[List of districts of Uttarakhand|13]]), after [[Haridwar district|Haridwar]].<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> Dehradun district also includes the prominent towns of [[Rishikesh]], [[Mussoorie]], [[Landour]] and [[Chakrata]]. The district stretches from the [[Ganges]] river in the east to the [[Yamuna]] river in the west, and from the [[Terai]] and [[Shivaliks]] in the south and southeast to the [[Great Himalaya]] in the northwest. During the days of [[British Raj]], the official name of the district was '''Dehra Dun'''.<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Dehra |volume= 07 }}</ref> In 1842, Dun was attached to Saharanpur district and placed under an officer subordinate to the Collector of the district but since 1871 it is being administered as separate district.

Dehradun is located 230 km from the national capital, [[Delhi]]. The National [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]], [[Survey of India]], and many educational institutions like [[Doon University]], Uttrakhand Technical Institute, Indian Institute of Petroleum, Uttaranchal University, [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]], [[Wildlife Institute of India]], Rashtriya Indian Military College and [[Indian Military Academy]] are also situated here. [[Basmati]] rice, tea and litchi orchards are some of the major agricultural crops.

The region was seized as a war spoil from the Maharaja of [[Tehri-Garhwal]] as a consequence of the [[Gurkha War]] of 1814–16, and attached administratively to [[Saharanpur District]] to its immediate south, which was already in British hands.

==History==
Dehradun includes various [[Puranas|Puranic stories]] and cultures. It is mentioned in the [[Ramayana]] that Lord [[Rama]], along with brother [[Lakshmana]], came to the area after defeating [[Ravana]], the [[Rakshasa]] king of [[Lanka]]. The area is also linked to [[Dronacharya]], the guru of the [[Kauravas]] and [[Pandavas]] in the [[Mahabharata]]. The area of [[Rishikesh]] is mentioned in the [[Skanda Purana]] as having been given to [[rishi]]s (sages) by Lord [[Vishnu]] after killing the [[asura]]s Madhu-Kaitabha and their companions who tormented the rishis. Ancient temples, statues and archaeological remains have been found at the sites in and around the area that are mentioned in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. These remains have been dated to be approximately 2000 years old.

The location of the area, the ancient traditions and customs still followed here, folk songs coming down from generations, and their contemporaneous literature point to the fact that the area witnessed various events during the periods of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Pandavas held influence over the region after the battle of the Mahabharata and the area was ruled by the descendants of [[Subahu]] as administrators under the [[Kuru Kingdom]] at [[Hastinapura]]. The discovery of [[Ashokan edicts]] at Kalsi near Dehradun show that the area was quite prosperous. [[Huen Tsang]] also observed Kalsi as ''Sudhanagara'' in the 7th century AD. Archaeological remains from the time of Raja Rasal have been found at Haripur near [[Kalsi]].

The area was attacked by [[Mahmud Ghaznavi]], [[Timur]] in 1368. Guru Ram Rai, the errant eldest son of the seventh Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Har Rai, established his 'Dera' (camp) in the Dun [[Doon Valley]] around 1676 and the town that grew around this 'Dera' has come to be known as 'Dehradun'. He founded his own Udasi Panth (sect) and received support from Aurangzeb. [[Rohilla]] chieftain [[Najib ad-Dawlah]] in 1757 and [[Ghulam Qadir|Ghulam Kadir]] in 1785. This kept the area in disarray till 1801. The British captured the area in 1816 and founded the cities of [[Landour]] and [[Mussourie]] in 1827–28. The district was added to the [[Garhwal division]] in the 1970s. It was established as the capital of [[Uttarakhand]] after the establishment of the state as Uttaranchal in the year 2000.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=1,77,465|13=1911|14=2,04,534|15=1921|16=2,11,877|17=1931|18=2,29,850|19=1941|20=2,65,786|21=1951|22=3,61,689|23=1961|24=4,29,014|25=1971|26=5,77,306|27=1981|28=7,61,668|29=1991|30=10,25,679|31=2001|32=12,82,143|33=2011|34=16,96,694|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Dehradun district (2011)<ref name="Dehradun District Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/uttarakhand/dehradun-population.html|title=Dehradun District Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|value1 = 83.98
|color1 = Orange
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|value2 = 11.91
|color2 = Green
|label3 = [[Buddhism]]
|value3 = 0.69
|color3 = Gold
|label4 = [[Christianity]]
|value4 = 0.79
|color4 = Blue
|label5 = [[Sikhism]]
|value5 = 2.15
|color5 = Yellow
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|value6 = 0.3
|color6 = Maroon
|label7 = Others
|value7 = 0.01
|color7 = Grey
|label8 = Not Stated
|value8 = 0.16
|color8 = Black
}}

{{As of|2011}} Indian census provisional figures, the Dehradun district has a population of 1,696,694 the second highest in Uttarakhand after Haridwar (19,27,029). The Decadal growth rate has jumped up from 25% (1991–2001) to 32.48% (2001–2011). This is the third highest in Uttarakhand after Haridwar (33.16%) and Udham Singh Nagar (33.40%). The district has a gender ratio of 902 as against a state average of 963. This has however improved from 887 in the 2001 census. The population density is 550, again the 3rd highest after Haridwar(817) and Udham Singh Nagar (648). The state average is 189. The literacy rate is the highest in the state at 85.24% (90.32 for males, 79.61 for females)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_utt.html | title = Provisional Population Totals and data products - Census 2011 : Uttarakhand | publisher = Census of India | access-date = 2011-05-30}}
</ref>

According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Dehradun district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,698,560,<ref name="districtcensus"/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Guinea-Bissau]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Guinea-Bissau 1,596,677 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Idaho]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Idaho 1,567,582
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=2013-10-19
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 290th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|550|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 32.48%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Dehradun has a [[sex ratio]] of 902 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 85.24%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the 2011 census, 60% of the district's population identified their first language as [[Hindi]], 17% reported being speakers of [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]], 7.4% opted for [[Jaunsari language|Jaunsari]], 3.8% chose [[Urdu]], 3.4% – [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], 3.3% – [[Nepali language|Nepali]], 1.1% – [[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]], 0.87% – [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], 0.58% – [[Tibetan languages|Tibetan]], and 0.55% – [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name="census2011-C16"/>

{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|- valign=top
! colspan=4| Dehradun district: mother-tongue of population, according to the [[2011 Indian Census]].<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Uttarakhand |url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0500.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=14 July 2020}}</ref>
|- valign=top
! Mother tongue code
! Mother tongue
! People
! Percentage
|- valign=top
|| 002007 || [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| align=right | 9,258
| align=right | 0.5%
|- valign=top
|| 004001 || [[Dogri language|Dogri]]
| align=right | 1,549
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 005018 || [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| align=right | 1,481
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 006102 || [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
| align=right | 14,805
| align=right | 0.9%
|- valign=top
|| 006195 || [[Garhwali language|Garhwali]]
| align=right | 285,563
| align=right | 16.8%
|- valign=top
|| 006240 || [[Hindi]]
| align=right | 1,014,363
| align=right | 59.8%
|- valign=top
|| 006265 || [[Jaunsari language|Jaunpuri/Jaunsari]]
| align=right | 126,098
| align=right | 7.4%
|- valign=top
|| 006340 || [[Kumauni language|Kumauni]]
| align=right | 18,597
| align=right | 1.1%
|- valign=top
|| 006439 || [[Pahari language|Pahari]]
| align=right | 5,199
| align=right | 0.3%
|- valign=top
|| 006489 || [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]
| align=right | 1,113
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 010008 || [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| align=right | 1,804
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 010011 || Purbi Maithili
| align=right | 988
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 011016 || [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| align=right | 1,217
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 013071 || [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| align=right | 2,747
| align=right | 0.2%
|- valign=top
|| 014011 || [[Nepali language|Nepali]]
| align=right | 56,281
| align=right | 3.3%
|- valign=top
|| 015043 || [[Odia language|Odia]]
| align=right | 1,313
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 016038 || [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| align=right | 56,927
| align=right | 3.4%
|- valign=top
|| 020027 || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| align=right | 1,062
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 021046 || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| align=right | 1,230
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 022015 || [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| align=right | 64,762
| align=right | 3.8%
|- valign=top
|| 029002 || [[Balti language|Balti]]
| align=right | 1,168
| align=right | 0.1%
|- valign=top
|| 115008 || [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]]
| align=right | 9,892
| align=right | 0.6%
|- valign=top
| align=center | –
|| [[Languages of India|Others]]
| align=right | 19,277
| align=right | 1.1%
|- valign=top class=sortbottom
| colspan=2 | Total
| align=right | 1,696,694
| align=right | 100.0%
|-
|}

==Assembly constituencies==
# [[Chakrata (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Chakrata]]
# [[Vikasnagar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Vikasnagar]]
# [[Sahaspur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Sahaspur]]
# [[Dharampur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Dharampur]]
# [[Raipur (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Raipur]]
# [[Rajpur Road (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Rajpur Road]]
# [[Dehradun Cantonment (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Dehradun Cantonment]]
# [[Mussoorie (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Mussoorie]]
# [[Doiwala (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Doiwala]]
# [[Rishikesh (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Rishikesh]]

==Climate==
{{climate chart
|Dehradun
| 5|19| 47
| 9|22| 55
|13|26| 52
|17|32| 21
|20|35| 54
|22|34|230
|22|30|631
|22|30|627
|20|30|261
|13|28| 32
|10|24| 11
| 6|21| 3
|source = [http://dehradun.nic.in/climate.htm Climate of Dehradun District]
|float = right
|clear = none
}}

==Cities and Towns==
===Cities===
1. [[Dehradun]]

2. [[Rishikesh]]

3. [[Vikasnagar]]

4. [[Mussoorie]]

===Towns===
1. [[Doiwala]]

2. Selakui

3. [[Chakrata]]

4. [[Herbertpur]]

5. [[Dakpathar]]

6. [[Sahaspur]]

7. Harrawala

==Culture==
Dehradun district is a part of [[Garhwal Division|Garhwal region]], therefore local culture has been dominant in the district over the past decade. Apart from Garhwali, other languages spoken in the region are Jaunsari, Hindi and English. Blue buses (privately owned and operated) in addition to 3 wheelers are the main mode of transport in the city. Dehradun finds itself split across two central electoral constituencies- Tehri Garhwal (including Mussoorie) and Pauri Garhwal (including Haridwar, Rishikesh).

==See also==
*[[Ghamandpur]]
*[[Haldwani]]
*[[Pantnagar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://dehradun.nic.in/}}
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_216.gif Dehra Dun District, Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 11, p. 210, 1909]
{{commons category}}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Dehradun district
|North =
|Northeast = [[Uttarkashi district]]
|East = [[Tehri Garhwal district]]
|Southeast = [[Pauri Garhwal district]]
|South = [[Haridwar district]]
|Southwest = [[Saharanpur district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|West = [[Sirmaur district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|Northwest = [[Shimla district]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
}}
{{Dehradun district}}
{{Districts of Uttarakhand}}

{{Hindu temples in Uttarakhand}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dehradun District}}
[[Category:Dehradun district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Uttarakhand]]

Dehradun district - Revision history

2405:201:6815:304F:D9CD:EF08:1F97:7066 at 11:36, 31 July 2021