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{{short description|Work by Athenaeus}}
[[File:Athenaeus Deipnosophists edited by Isaac Casaubon.jpg|right|thumb|Frontispiece to the 1657 edition of the ''Deipnosophists'', edited by [[Isaac Casaubon]], in Greek and [[Jacques Daléchamps]]' Latin translation]]
{{italic title}}
The '''''Deipnosophistae''''' ({{langx|grc|Δειπνοσοφισταί}}, ''Deipnosophistaí'', <small>lit.</small> {{gloss|The Dinner Sophists}}, where ''sophists'' may be translated more loosely as {{gloss|sages, philosophers, experts}}) is a work written {{circa|200 AD}} in [[Ancient Greek]] by [[Athenaeus]] of Naucratis. It is a long work of [[Greek literature|literary]], [[Ancient history|historical]], and [[Antiquarian#Antiquarianism in ancient Rome|antiquarian]] references set in [[Rome]] at a series of banquets held by the protagonist {{ill|Publius Livius Larensis|de}} for an assembly of [[Grammarian (Greco-Roman world)|grammarians]], [[lexicographer]]s, [[jurist]]s, musicians, and hangers-on.

==Title==
The [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] title ''Deipnosophistaí'' ({{lang|grc|Δειπνοσοφισταί}}) is a [[Compound (linguistics)|compound]] of ''{{linktext|deîpnon}}'' ({{lang|grc|δεῖπνον}} {{gloss|dinner}}) and ''sophistḗs'' ({{lang|grc|{{linktext|σοφιστής}}}} {{gloss|expert}}). It and its [[English language|English]] derivative ''{{linktext|deipnosophist}}s''<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', {{nowrap|1st ed.}} "deipnosophist, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1894.</ref> thus describe people who are skilled at dining, particularly the refined conversation expected to accompany Greek [[symposium|symposia]]. However, the term is shaded by the harsh treatment accorded to [[sophist|professional teachers]] in [[Plato]]'s [[Socratic dialogue]]s, which made the English term ''{{linktext|sophist}}'' into a [[pejorative]].

In English, Athenaeus's work usually known by its [[Latin]] form ''Deipnosophistae'' but is also variously translated as '''''The Deipnosophists''''',<ref name=yongeuns/> '''''Sophists at Dinner''''',<ref name=guli>{{lang|grc|Ἀθήναιος}} <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Athenaeus of Naucratis|Athenaeus]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>. {{lang|grc|Δειπνοσοφισταί}} [''Deipnosophistaí'', ''[[Sophists at Dinner]]''], {{circa|lk=no|3rd}} century {{in lang|grc}} Trans. Charles Burton Gulick as [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Athenaeus/Introduction*.html ''Athenaeus'', {{nowrap|Vol. I,}} {{nowrap|p. viii.}}] Harvard University Press ([[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]), 1927. Accessed 13 Aug 2014.</ref> '''''The Learned Banqueters''''',<ref>{{lang|grc|Ἀθήναιος}} <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Athenaeus of Naucratis|Athenaeus]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>. Trans. S. Douglas Olson as ''The Learned Banqueters''. Harvard University Press ([[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]]), 2007.</ref> '''''The Banquet of the Learned''''',<ref name=yongeuns>{{lang|grc|Ἀθήναιος}} <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Athenaeus of Naucratis|Athenaeus]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>. Trans. C.D. Yonge as [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=article&did=Literature.AthV1.i0001&id=Literature.AthV1&isize=M&pview=hide ''The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned'']. Henry Bohn (London), 1854. Accessed 13 Aug 2014.</ref> '''''Philosophers at Dinner''''', or '''''The Gastronomers'''''.

==Contents==
The ''Deipnosophistae'' professes to be an account, given by Athenaeus to his friend Timocrates, of a series of banquets held at the house of Larensius, a [[scholar]] and wealthy [[patron]] of the arts. It is thus a dialogue within a dialogue, after the manner of [[Plato]],<ref>Viz. his ''[[Symposium (Plato)|Symposium]]''. The first words (1.1f-2a) mimic the beginning of ''[[Phaedo]]''. See (e.g.) Wentzel(1896). "Athenaios (22)". ''Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft''. Band II, Halbband 4. col. 2028.15ff.</ref> although each conversation is so long that, realistically, it would occupy several days. Among the numerous guests,<ref>Kaibel (1890, vol. 3) pp. 561-564 lists twenty-four by name, plus several ''anonymi''.</ref> [[Masurius Sabinus|Masurius]], [[Zoilus]], [[Democritus]], [[Galen]], [[Ulpian]] and [[Plutarch]] are named, but most are probably to be taken as fictitious personages,<ref>Kaibel (1887, vol. 1) p. VI.</ref> and the majority take little or no part in the conversation. If Ulpian is identical with the famous jurist, the ''Deipnosophistae'' must have been written after his death in 223; but the jurist was murdered by the [[Praetorian Guard]], whereas Ulpian in Athenaeus dies a natural death.
[[Prosopographical]] investigation, however, has shown the possibility of identifying several guests with real persons from other sources;<ref>{{cite journal|last=Baldwin|first=Barry|title=The Minor Characters in Athenaeus|journal=Acta Classica|date=1977|volume=20|pages=37–48}}</ref>
the Ulpian in the dialog has also been linked to the renowned jurist's father.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Baldwin|first=Barry|title=Athenaeus and his Work|journal=Acta Classica|date=1976|volume=19|pages=21–42}}</ref>

The work is invaluable for providing fictionalized information about the Hellenistic literary world of the leisured class during the [[Roman Empire]].{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} To the majority of modern readers, even more useful is the wealth of information provided in the ''Deipnosophistae'' about earlier Greek literature.<ref>"…for us, one of the most important books from Antiquity". Wentzel(1896) col. 2028.34ff</ref> In the course of discussing classic authors, the participants make quotations, long and short, from the works of about 700 earlier Greek authors and 2,500 separate writings, many of them otherwise unrecorded (such as the [[swallow song of Rhodes]]). Food and wine, luxury, music, sexual mores, literary gossip and [[philology]] are among the major topics of discussion, and the stories behind many artworks such as the [[Venus Kallipygos]] are also transmitted in its pages.

=== Characters ===
In addition to the narrator [[Athenaeus]], the ''Deipnosophistae'' includes several characters. This includes Aemilian of Mauretania, Alcides of Alexandria, Amoebeus, Arrian, Cynulcus, Daphnus of Ephesus, Democritus of Nicomedia, Dionysocles, [[Galen]] of Pergamum, Larensius, Leonides of Elis, Magnus, Masurius, Myrtilus of Thessaly, Palamedes the Eleatic, Philadelphus of Ptolemais, Plutarch of Alexandria, Pontian of Nicomedia, Rufinus of Nicaea, Ulpian of Tyre, Varus, and [[Zoilus]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baldwin |first=Barry |author-link=Barry Baldwin |year=1977 |title=The Minor Characters in Athenaeus |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24591523 |journal=[[Acta Classica]] |volume=20 |pages=37–48 |jstor=24591523}}</ref>

===Food and cookery===
[[File:Deipnosophistae.tif|thumb|180px|A 1535 edition]]
The ''Deipnosophistae'' is an important source of [[recipe]]s in classical Greek. It quotes the original text of one recipe from the lost cookbook by [[Mithaecus]], the oldest in Greek and the oldest recipe by a named author in any language. Other authors quoted for their recipes include [[Glaucus of Locri]], [[Dionysius, author on cookery|Dionysius]], Epaenetus, [[Hegesippus of Tarentum]], [[Erasistratus]], [[Diocles of Carystus]], [[Timachidas of Rhodes]], [[Philistion of Locri]], [[Euthydemus of Athens]], [[Chrysippus of Tyana]], [[Paxamus]] and [[Harpocration of Mende]]. It also describes in detail the meal and festivities at the wedding feast of [[Caranos]].<ref>{{cite web |trans-title=Diet of the Ancient Greeks |script-title=el:Η ΔΙΑΤΡΟΦΗ ΤΩΝ ΑΡΧΑΙΩΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΩΝ |year=2003 |language=el |work=ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΕΣΤΙΑ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ [UNIVERSAL HELLENIC INTELLECTUAL NATION] |location=[[Athens, Greece]] |url=http://www.ellinikiestia.gr/ptyxes/greekdiet.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211091720/http://www.ellinikiestia.gr/ptyxes/greekdiet.htm |archive-date=2004-12-11 |quote=[Caranos] offered each guest a silver glass and a gold crown. Then arrived silver and bronze platters: Chickens, ducks and roasted geese, goats, hares, pigeons, turtles and partridges. There followed a break for the musicians and the trumpeters to play. The second course began with roast pork atop a silver plate. His belly was filled with roasted thrushes and [[Ortolan bunting|ortolan]], oysters and scallops covered with egg yolks .... |access-date=2018-03-30 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Drink===
In expounding on earlier works, Athenaeus wrote that [[Aeschylus]] "very improperly" introduces the Greeks to be "so drunk as to break their vessels about one another's heads":<ref>''The Deopnosophists'', a literal translation by C.D. Yonge</ref>

<blockquote><poem>This is the man who threw so well
The vessel with an evil smell
And miss'd me not, but dash'd to shivers
The pot too full of steaming rivers
Against my head, which now, alas! sir,
Gives other smells besides [[Macassar oil|macassar]].</poem></blockquote>

=== First patents ===
Athenaeus described what may be considered the first [[patent]]s (i.e. exclusive right granted by a government to an inventor to practice his/her invention in exchange for disclosure of the invention). He mentions that several centuries BC, in the Greek city of [[Sybaris]] (located in what is now southern Italy), there were annual culinary competitions. The victor was given the exclusive right to prepare his dish for one year. Such a thing would have been unusual at the time because Greek society at large did not recognize exclusivity in inventions or ideas.<ref name="Frumkin">M. Frumkin, [http://www.compilerpress.ca/Library/Frumkin%20Origin%20of%20Patents%20JPOS%201945.htm "The Origin of Patents"], Journal of the Patent Office Society, March 1945, Vol. XXVII, No. 3, pp 143 et Seq.</ref>

==Survival and reception==
The ''Deipnosophistae'' was originally in fifteen books.<ref>Marginal indications in the manuscript may, but need not, reflect an earlier edition in 30 books. See ''Der neue Pauly'' Athenaios[3]. col. 198; Kaibel (1887, vol. 1) p. XXII.</ref> The work survives in one manuscript from which the whole of books 1 and 2, and some other pages too, disappeared long ago. An ''Epitome'' or abridgment (to about 60%) was made in medieval times, and survives complete: from this it is possible to read the missing sections, though in a disjointed form.

The English polymath [[Sir Thomas Browne]] noted in his encyclopaedia ''[[Pseudodoxia Epidemica]]'':

:Athenæus, a delectable Author, very various, and justly stiled by Casaubon, ''Græcorum Plinius''.<ref>The [[Pliny's Natural History|Pliny]] of the Greeks.</ref> There is extant of his, a famous Piece, under the name of ''Deipnosophista'', or ''Coena Sapientum'', containing the Discourse of many learned men, at a Feast provided by Laurentius. It is a laborious Collection out of many Authors, and some whereof are mentioned no where else. It containeth strange and singular relations, not without some spice or sprinkling of all Learning. The Author was probably a better Grammarian then Philosopher, dealing but hardly with Aristotle and Plato, and betrayeth himself much in his Chapter ''De Curiositate Aristotelis''. In brief, he is an Author of excellent use, and may with discretion be read unto great advantage: and hath therefore well deserved the Comments of Casaubon and [[Jacques Daléchamps|Dalecampius]].<ref>P.E. Bk.1 chapter 8; Daléchamps provided the Latin translation when the Greek text of the recently-rediscovered work established by Casaubon was first published.</ref>

Browne's interest in Athenaeus reflects a revived interest in the ''Banquet of the Learned'' amongst scholars following the publication of the ''Deipnosophistae'' in 1612 by the Classical scholar [[Isaac Casaubon]]. Browne was also the author of [[s:From a reading of Athenaeus|a Latin essay on Athenaeus]]. By the nineteenth century however, the poet [[James Russell Lowell]] in 1867 characterized the ''Deipnosophistae'' and its author thus:
:the somewhat greasy heap of a literary rag-and-bone-picker like Athenaeus is turned to gold by time.

Modern readers{{Who|date=May 2012}} question whether the ''Deipnosophistae'' genuinely evokes a literary symposium of learned disquisitions on a range of subjects suitable for such an occasion, or whether it has a satirical edge, rehashing the cultural clichés of the urbane literati of its day.

=== Modern editions ===
The first [[critical edition]] in accordance to the principles of [[classical philology]] was published by German scholar [[Georg Kaibel]] in 1887–1890 in the ''[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]'';<ref>''Athenaei Naucratitae Dipnosophistarum libri XV'', recensuit Georgius Kaibel, III voll., Lipsiae in aedibus B. G. Teubneri, MDCCCLXXXVII-MDCCCXC.</ref> this three-volume set remained the authoritative text for about 120 years and the only complete critical text.<ref>''[[Collection Budé]]'' started a new edition in 1956, but only the first volume was published: Athénée, ''Les Deipnosophistes. Livres I-II'', texte établi et traduit par Alexandre-Marie Desrousseaux avec la contribution de Charles Astruc, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1956 (''Collection des universités de France – Collection Budé. Série grecque'', 126).</ref> [[Charles Burton Gulick]] translated the entire text into English for the ''[[Loeb Classical Library]]''.<ref>Athenaeus, ''The deipnosophists. In'' ''seven volumes'', with an English translation by Charles Burton Gulick, London: Heinemann – Cambridge (MA.): Harvard UP, 1969–1971 (''Loeb Classical Library'', 204, 208, 224, 235, 274, 327, 345).</ref><ref>Gulick's edition was, in fact, admittedly based on Kaibel's text, diverging only in selected passages. See Athenaeus, ''The deipnosophists'', transl. Gulick, vol. I, p. xviii. Desousseaux in his ''Budé'' edition provided a new critical text and a richer apparatus than Kaibel's, but he only published the first two books of the ''Deipnosophistae'' (which actually aren't Athenaeus', but the abridged text).</ref>

In 2001, a team of Italian classical scholars led by [[Luciano Canfora]] (then Professor of Classical Philology, now Emeritus, [[University of Bari]]) published the first complete Italian translation of the ''Deipnosophistae'', in a luxury edition with extensive introduction and commentary.<ref>Ateneo di Naucrati, ''I Deipnosofisti - I dotti a banchetto'', prima traduzione italiana su progetto di Luciano Canfora, introduzione di Christian Jacob, IV voll., Roma: Salerno Editrice, 2001.</ref> A digital edition of Kaibel's text, with search tools and cross-references between Kaibel's and Casaubon's texts and digitalized indexes and ''Dialogi Personae'', was put online by Italian philologist Monica Berti and her team, currently working at the [[Alexander von Humboldt University]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Berti|first=Monica|title=Digital Athenaeus|url=http://www.digitalathenaeus.org/|access-date=2021-04-08|website=www.digitalathenaeus.org|language=en}}</ref> In 2001, Eleonora Cavallini (Professor of Greek, [[University of Bologna]]) published a translation and commentary on Book 13.<ref>Ateneo di Naucrati, ''Il banchetto dei sapienti. Libro XIII – Sulle donne'', a cura di Eleonora Cavallini, Bologna: Dupress, 2001 («Nemo. Confrontarsi con l'antico», 1).</ref> In 2010, Gabriele Burzacchini (Professor of Greek, [[University of Parma]]) published a translation and commentary of Book 1 found among the unpublished studies of the late Enzo Degani (formerly Professor of Greek in the University of Bologna);<ref>Ateneo di Naucrati, ''Deipnosofisti (I dotti a banchetto). Epitome dal libro I'', introduzione, traduzione e note di Enzo Degani, premessa di Gabriele Burzacchini, Bologna: Pàtron, 2010 («Eikasmos. Quaderni bolognesi di filologia classica – Studi», 17).</ref> Burzacchini himself translated and commented Book 5 in more recent years.<ref>Ateneo di Naucrati, ''Deipnosofisti (Dotti a banchetto). Libro 5'', premessa, traduzione e note di Gabriele Burzacchini, Bologna: Pàtron, 2017 («Eikasmos. Quaderni bolognesi di filologia classica – Studi», 27).</ref>

In 2006, American classical philologist S. D. Olson renewed Loeb text thanks to a new collation of the manuscripts and the progression of critical studies on Athenaeus and newly translated and commented the whole work;<ref>Athenaeus, ''The Learned Banqueters'', I–VIII, edited and translated by S. Douglas Olson, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2006-12 (the series numbers of voll. I–VII are the same as Gulick's edition which is therefore replaced; Olson adds vol. VIII which is ''LCL'' no. 519).</ref> in 2019, the same started a new critical edition for the ''Bibliotheca Teubneriana''<ref>Athenaeus, ''Deipnosophistae'', ed. S. D. Olson, vol. IV A: ''Libri XII-XIV –'' B: ''Epitome'', Berlin – Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2019; vol. III A: ''Libri VIII-XI'' – B: ''Epitome'', Berlin – Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2020; vol. II A: ''III-VII'' – B: ''Epitome'', Berlin – Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2021 (''Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana'').</ref> inclusive of the ''Epitome'', also edited in parallel volumes.<ref>Apart from Kaibel's text for bks. I and II, the ''incipit'' of bk. III and parts of bk. XI, the ''Epitome'' was previously published only by Simon P. Peppink: ''Athenaei Dipnosophistae'', ex recensione S. P. Peppinki, II voll., Lugduni Batavorum apud casam C. T. E. J. Brill, 1936-39, vol. II: ''Epitome'', I-II, ''ibid.'' 1937-39. This edition was indeed useful (mainly because it was the first edition of the text), but also had some issues: it lacks the sections already edited by Kaibel (see above) and contains many errors and critically questionable choices due to the fact that Peppink, fallen ill, did not have the time to re-read his own work. See Annalisa Lavoro, ''[https://iris.unime.it/retrieve/handle/11570/3105167/148408/Annalisa%20Lavoro.%20Per%20una%20nuova%20edizione.pdf Per una nuova edizione critica dell'Epitome di Ateneo]'', Ph.D. diss., Messina 2016, p. IV. Peppink ''did'' plan to publish a new edition of the entire work, but death came first. See Lavoro, ''Per una nuova edizione critica'', ''cit.'', p. 109.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Characters of the Deipnosophistae]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
'''Restorations and translations'''

* {{Cite book |author=Athenaeus |title=Deipnosophistae |editor-first=Charles Burton |editor-last=Gulick |editor-link=Charles Burton Gulick  |language=grc  |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] & [[Harvard University Press]] |year=1927–1941 |at=15 books in 7 vols |series=[[Loeb Classical Library]] |lccn=28004492 |oclc=688821 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0405%3Abook%3D1 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Athenaeus |editor-first=Georg |editor-last=Kaibel |editor-link=Georg Kaibel |title=Athenaei Naucratitae Dipnosophistarum libri XV |publisher=[[B.G. Teubner]] |location=[[Leipzig]] |year=1887–1892 |at=15 books in 3 vols |series=[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]] |language=grc  |lccn=34010800 |oclc=3288753 |url=http://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-grc2  }}
* {{Cite book |author=Athenaeus |title=Athenaei 'Dipnosophistarum' Epitome |editor-first=Simon Peter |editor-last=Peppink |editor-link=Simon Peter Peppink |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |location=[[Leiden]] |year=1936–1939 |lccn=ac37000062 |oclc=890483}} [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009840X00086753 E. Harrison in ''The Classical Review'']: "Peppink regards ''EC'' as representing a better manuscript than ''A'', on which the full texts of Kaibel and Gulick are based...."
* {{Cite book |author=Athenaeus |title=The Deipnosophists |translator-first=Charles Duke |translator-last=Yonge |translator-link=Charles Duke Yonge |language=en |publisher=[[Henry G. Bohn]] |location=[[London]] |year=1854 |at=15 books in 8 vols |series=[[Bohn's Classical Library]] |lccn=2002554451 |oclc=49415755 |url=http://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0008.tlg001.perseus-eng1 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Athenaeus |title=The Learned Banqueters |url=https://archive.org/details/learnedbanqueter0002athe |url-access=registration |editor-first=S Douglas |editor-last=Olson |editor-link=S. Douglas Olson |language=en |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=2007–2012 |at=15 books in 8 vols: Olson ed. & trans. |series=[[Loeb Classical Library]] |isbn=978-0-674-99620-5 }} 

==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |title=Athenaeus and his World: Reading Greek Culture in the Roman Empire |first1=David |last1=Braund |first2=John |last2=Wilkins |publisher=[[Liverpool University Press]] |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-859-89661-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/athenaeushisworl0000unse }}
* {{Cite book |title=Food in antiquity |first1=John|last1=Wilkins |first2=David|last2=Harvey |first3=Mike|last3=Dobson |publisher=[[University of Exeter Press]] |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-859-89418-0 }} 
* {{Cite book |first=Andrew |last=Dalby |title=Siren feasts: a history of food and gastronomy in Greece |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |year=1996 |pages=168–180 |isbn=0-415-11620-1}} 
* {{Cite book |title=Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: a sourcebook of basic documents |url=https://archive.org/details/homosexualitygre00hubb |url-access=limited |first=Thomas K |last=Hubbard |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2003 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/homosexualitygre00hubb/page/n94 76]–82 |jstor=10.1525/j.ctt1pp7g1 |isbn=978-0-520-93650-8}} (Translation of a passage from book 13.)
* {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Johansson |first=Warren |title=Athenaeus |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Homosexuality |editor-last=Dynes |editor-first=Wayne R |publisher=[[Garland Publishing]] |location=New York |year=1990 |volume=1 |page=87  |isbn=978-0-824-06544-7}}
*Lukinovich, Alessandra, 'The Play of Reflections between Literary Form and the Sympotic Theme in the Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus', in Oswyn Murray (ed.), ''Sympotica: A Symposium on the Symposion''. Oxford University Press, 1990.
* {{Citation |first=Peter |last=Stoll |title=Dishing up Pictures from the Pantry: An Eighteenth-Century French Recipe for Illustrating Athenaeus's Deipnosophistae |publisher=[[University of Augsburg]] Library |date=2010-06-01 |url=http://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/volltexte/2010/1586/ |access-date=2018-03-31  |archive-date=2012-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324050808/http://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/volltexte/2010/1586/ |url-status=dead }}

==External links==
{{wikiquote|Athenaeus}}
*[https://www.digitalathenaeus.org/ The Digital Athenaeus]
*[http://www.digitalathenaeus.org/tools/Casaubon-Kaibel_converter/ Casaubon-Kaibel Reference Converter]
*[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0405 The original Ancient Greek text]
*[https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/A74JZF4VSV7H4A8T Translation by C. D. Yonge] presented online by the [http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center]
*[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Athenaeus/home.html Translation up to Book 9] with links to complete Greek original, at [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html LacusCurtius]
*[http://www.attalus.org/info/athenaeus.html Translation of Books 11-15] with links to Greek original, at [http://attalus.org/index.html attalus.org]
*[https://archive.org/search.php?query=The%20deipnosophists various out of copyright translations of the work downloadable on archive.org]
*[[s:From a reading of Athenaeus|From a reading of Athenaeus, British Museum Sloane MS no. 1827]]
*[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/athenaeus13.html Extracts from book 13 of the ''Deipnosophists'' concerning homosexuality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728072015/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/athenaeus13.html |date=2012-07-28 }}
*[http://members.aol.com/heliogabby/deipnon/deipnon.htm Extracts from book 13 of the ''Deipnosophists'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060222150409/http://williamapercy.com/pub-EncyHom.htm on-line version of the ''Encyclopedia of Homosexuality'' article referenced above]
*[http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/erudits/athenee/ full Greek text and French translation at ''L'antiquité grecque et latine du moyen âge''] de [[Philippe Remacle]], Philippe Renault, François-Dominique Fournier, J. P. Murcia, Thierry Vebr, Caroline Carrat

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deipnosophistae}}
[[Category:3rd-century books]]
[[Category:Greek literature (post-classical)]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek cuisine]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek philosophical literature]]
[[Category:Symposium]]

Deipnosophistae - Revision history

Nagaraj15 at 18:10, 13 March 2026