>Dl2000 at 01:11, 24 August 2019

2019-08-24T01:11:55Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
[[File:1911Census.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Census superintendent and enumerators in [[Pasumalai]], [[Madras Presidency]], circa 1911]]

The first census of the Madras Presidency was taken in the year 1822.<ref name="officialadministrationp327">[[#Official Administration of the Madras Presidency|Official Administration of the Madras Presidency]], Pg 327</ref> It returned a population of 13,476,923.<ref name="officialadministrationp327" /> The second census conducted in 1836-37 returned a population of 13,967,395, an increase of only 490,472 in 15 years.<ref name="officialadministrationp327" /> The first quinquennial enumeration of the population was made in 1851-52. It returned a population of 22,031,697.<ref name="officialadministrationp327" /> Subsequent enumerations were made in 1856-57, 1861–62 and 1866-67. The population of Madras Presidency was found to be 22,857,855 in 1851-52, 24,656,509 in 1861-62 and 26,539,052 in 1866-67.<ref name="officialadministrationp327" />

The first organized census of India was conducted in 1871. It returned a population of 31,220,973 for Madras Presidency. Since then, a census has been conducted once every ten years. The last census of British India held in 1941 returned a population of 49,341,810 for Madras Presidency.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
! style="background:maroon;" colspan="12"| Districts of the Madras Presidency
|-
! style="background:#9cf;" rowspan="2"| District
! style="background:#9cf;" rowspan="2"|District Headquarters
! style="background:#9cf;" rowspan="2"|Area (in square miles)
! style="background:#9cf;" rowspan="2"| Year of incorporation
! style="background:#9cf;" colspan="8"| Population
|-
! style="background:cyan;"|1871
! style="background:cyan;"|1881
! style="background:cyan;"|1891
! style="background:cyan;"|1901
! style="background:cyan;"|1911
! style="background:cyan;"|1921
! style="background:cyan;"|1931
! style="background:cyan;"|1941
|-
| Anantapur
| Anantapur
| style="text-align:right;"|5,557
| style="text-align:right;"| 1800
| style="text-align:right;"| 741,255 || style="text-align:right;"| 599,899 || style="text-align:right;"|727,725 || style="text-align:right;"|788,254 ||align="right"| 963,223|| || ||align="right"|1,166,255
|-
| Anjengo<ref name="anjengo">In 1906, the two British enclaves of Anjengo and Tangasseri within Travancore were separated from Malabar district due to inaccessibility and a new Anjengo district was created. Anejnego was the smallest and least populous district in Madras Presidency from 1906 to 1927. In 1927, the two enclaves were incorporated in Tinnevelly district.</ref>
| Anjengo
| style="text-align:right;"|1
| style="text-align:right;"| 1906
| style="text-align:right;"| - || style="text-align:right;"| - || style="text-align:right;"|- || style="text-align:right;"|- ||align="right"|4,817 || || ||align="right"|
|-
| Bellary
| Bellary
| style="text-align:right;"|5,714
| style="text-align:right;"| 1800
| style="text-align:right;"|911,755 || style="text-align:right;"|726,275 || style="text-align:right;"|880,950 || style="text-align:right;"|947,214 ||align="right"|969,436 || || || align="right"| 1,051,235
|-
| [[Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)|Chingleput]]
| Saidapet
| style="text-align:right;"|5,079
| style="text-align:right;"| 1763
| style="text-align:right;"|938,184 || style="text-align:right;"|981,381 || style="text-align:right;"|1,202,928 || style="text-align:right;"|1,312,122 ||align="right"| 1,321,000|| || ||align="right"| 1,171,419
|-
| [[Coimbatore District (Madras Presidency)|Coimbatore]]
| Coimbatore
| style="text-align:right;"|7,860
| style="text-align:right;"| 1799
| style="text-align:right;"|1,763,274 || style="text-align:right;"|1,657,690 || style="text-align:right;"|2,004,839 || style="text-align:right;"|2,201,752 || ||style="text-align:right;"|3,219,848 || ||align="right"| 2,809,648
|-
| Cuddapah
| Cuddapah
| style="text-align:right;"|8,723
| style="text-align:right;"| 1800
| style="text-align:right;"|1,351,194 || style="text-align:right;"|1,121,038 || style="text-align:right;"|1,272,072 || style="text-align:right;"|1,291,267 || || || ||align="right"| 1,056,507
|-
| East Godavari<ref name="Godavari_district" />
| Cocanada
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1765
| style="text-align:right;"|- || style="text-align:right;"|- || style="text-align:right;"|- || style="text-align:right;"|- ||align="right"|- ||align="right"|- ||align="right"|1,756,477 ||align="right"|1,976,743||align="right"| 2,161,863
|-
| Ganjam<ref name="ganjam_orissa">Ganjam district was transferred to the newly formed province of Orissa in 1936</ref>
| Berhampur
| style="text-align:right;"|8,372
| style="text-align:right;"| 1765
| style="text-align:right;"|1,520,088 || style="text-align:right;"|1,749,604 || style="text-align:right;"|1,896,803 || style="text-align:right;"|2,010,256 || || || ||-
|-
| Godavari<ref name="Godavari_district">In 1925, Godavari district was bifurcated into West Godavari and East Godavari districts</ref>
| Cocanada
| style="text-align:right;"|7,972
| style="text-align:right;"| 1765
| style="text-align:right;"|1,592,939 || style="text-align:right;"|1,791,512 || style="text-align:right;"|2,078,782 || style="text-align:right;"|2,301,759 || style="text-align:right;"|1,530,000 ||align="right"|2,583,250 ||align="right"|- ||align="right"|-
|-
| Kistna
| Masulipatam
| style="text-align:right;"|8,498
| style="text-align:right;"| 1765/1801
| style="text-align:right;"|1,452,374 || style="text-align:right;"|1,548,480 || style="text-align:right;"|1,855,582 || style="text-align:right;"|2,154,803 || style="text-align:right;"|1,997,535||align="right"|2,133,314 || ||align="right"| 1,444,294
|-
| Kurnool
| Kurnool
| style="text-align:right;"|7,878
| style="text-align:right;"| 1800
| style="text-align:right;"|914,432 || style="text-align:right;"|678,551 || style="text-align:right;"|817,811 || style="text-align:right;"|872,055 ||align="right"|889,000 || || ||align="right"| 1,146,250
|-
| Madras
| Madras
| style="text-align:right;"|27
| style="text-align:right;"| 1639
| style="text-align:right;"|367,552 || style="text-align:right;"|405,848 || style="text-align:right;"|452,518 || style="text-align:right;"|509,346 ||align="right"| 518,660 || style="text-align:right;"|526,000 ||align="right"|645,000 ||align="right"| 777,481
|-
| [[Madura District (Madras Presidency)|Madura]]
| Madura
| style="text-align:right;"|8,701
| style="text-align:right;"| 1761/1790/1801
| style="text-align:right;"|2,266,615 || style="text-align:right;"|2,168,680 ||align="right"| 2,608,404 || style="text-align:right;"|2,831,280 ||align="right"|1,861,000 ||style="text-align:right;"|2,007,063 || ||align="right"| 2,446,601
|-
| Malabar
| [[Kozhikode|Calicut]]
| style="text-align:right;"|5,795
| style="text-align:right;"| 1792
| style="text-align:right;"|2,261,250 || style="text-align:right;"|2,365,035 || style="text-align:right;"|2,652,565 || style="text-align:right;"|2,800,555 ||align="right"| 3,015,119 ||style="text-align:right;"|3,098,871 || ||align="right"| 3,929,425
|-
| Nellore
| Nellore
| style="text-align:right;"|8,761
| style="text-align:right;"| 1781
| style="text-align:right;"|1,376,811 || style="text-align:right;"|1,220,236 ||align="right"| 1,463,736 || style="text-align:right;"|1,496,987 || style="text-align:right;"|1,296,000|| || ||align="right"| 1,617,026
|-
| Nilgiris
| Ootacamund
| style="text-align:right;"|958
| style="text-align:right;"| 1799
| style="text-align:right;"|49,501 || style="text-align:right;"|91,034 || style="text-align:right;"|99,797 || style="text-align:right;"|111,437 ||align="right"| 80,000|| || ||align="right"|209,709
|-
| North Arcot
| Chittoor
| style="text-align:right;"|7,386
| style="text-align:right;"| 1781/1801
| style="text-align:right;"|2,015,278 || style="text-align:right;"|1,817,814 || style="text-align:right;"|2,114,487|| style="text-align:right;"|2,207,712 ||align="right"|1,822,000 ||style="text-align:right;"|2,055,594 || ||align="right"| 2,577,540
|-
| Salem
| Salem
| style="text-align:right;"|7,530
| style="text-align:right;"| 1792
| style="text-align:right;"|1,966,995 || style="text-align:right;"|1,599,595 || style="text-align:right;"|1,962,591 || style="text-align:right;"|2,204,974 || style="text-align:right;"|1,766,680 ||style="text-align:right;"|2,112,034 || ||align="right"| 2,869,228
|-
| South Arcot
| Cuddalore
| style="text-align:right;"|5,217
| style="text-align:right;"| 1781/1801
| style="text-align:right;"|1,755,817 || style="text-align:right;"|1,814,738 || style="text-align:right;"|2,162,851 || style="text-align:right;"|2,349,894 || style="text-align:right;"|2,272,000||style="text-align:right;"|2,320,085 || ||align="right"| 2,608,758
|-
| South Kanara
| Mangalore
| style="text-align:right;"|4,021
| style="text-align:right;"| 1799
| style="text-align:right;"|918,362 || style="text-align:right;"|959,514 || style="text-align:right;"|1,056,081 || style="text-align:right;"|1,134,713 || || || ||align="right"| 1,523,516
|-
| [[Tanjore District (Madras Presidency)|Tanjore]]
| Tanjore
| style="text-align:right;"|3,710
| style="text-align:right;"| 1799
| style="text-align:right;"|1,973,731 || style="text-align:right;"|2,130,383 || style="text-align:right;"|2,228,114 || style="text-align:right;"|2,245,029 ||align="right"|2,362,639 ||align="right"|2,326,265 ||align="right"|2,385,920 ||align="right"|2,563,375
|-
| Tinnevely
| Tinnevely
| style="text-align:right;"|5,389
| style="text-align:right;"| 1761/1801
| style="text-align:right;"|1,693,959 || style="text-align:right;"|1,699,747 ||align="right"| 1,916,095 || style="text-align:right;"|2,059,607 || || || ||align="right"| 2,244,548
|-
| [[Trichinopoly District (Madras Presidency)|Trichinopoly]]
| Trichinopoly
| style="text-align:right;"|2,632
| style="text-align:right;"| 1781/1801
| style="text-align:right;"|1,200,408 || style="text-align:right;"|1,215,033 || style="text-align:right;"|1,372,717 || style="text-align:right;"|1,444,770 || || || ||align="right"| 2,194,091
|-
| Vizagapatam
| Waltair
| style="text-align:right;"|17,222
| style="text-align:right;"| 1794
| style="text-align:right;"|2,159,199 || style="text-align:right;"|2,485,141 || style="text-align:right;"|2,802,992 || style="text-align:right;"|2,933,650 || ||align="right"|2,231,874 || ||align="right"| 3,845,944
|-
| West Godavari<ref name="Godavari_district" />
| Eluru
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1765
| style="text-align:right;"|- || style="text-align:right;"|- || style="text-align:right;"|- || style="text-align:right;"|- ||align="right"|- ||align="right"|- || ||align="right"| 1,380,088
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''Madras'''
| style="text-align:right;"|'''141,705'''
|
| style="text-align:right;"|'''31,220,973''' || style="text-align:right;"|'''30,827,218''' || style="text-align:right;"|'''35,630,440''' || style="text-align:right;"|'''38,209,436''' || style="text-align:right;"|'''41,870,160'''||align="right"|'''42,794,155''' ||align="right"|'''46,740,107'''<ref name="Godavari_district" /> || style="text-align:right;"|'''49,341,810'''<ref name="ganjam_orissa" />
|-
! colspan="12"| Princely States of Madras Presidency
|-
| Banganapalle
| Banganapalle
| style="text-align:right;"|255
|
| style="text-align:right;"| 45,208 || style="text-align:right;"| 30,754 || style="text-align:right;"|34,596 || style="text-align:right;"|32,264 ||style="text-align:right;"|39,344 ||style="text-align:right;"|36,692 ||style="text-align:right;"|39,218 ||style="text-align:right;"|44,592
|-
| Cochin
| Cochin
| style="text-align:right;"|1,362
|
| style="text-align:right;"| 601,114 || style="text-align:right;"| 600,278 || style="text-align:right;"|722,906 || style="text-align:right;"|812,025 ||align="right"|979,080 ||align="right"|918,110 || style="text-align:right;"|1,205,016||align="right"|1,422,875
|-
| Pudukkottai
| Pudukkottai
| style="text-align:right;"|1,100
|
| style="text-align:right;"| 316,695 || style="text-align:right;"| 302,127 || style="text-align:right;"|373,096 || style="text-align:right;"|380,440 ||align="right"|411,886 ||align="right"|426,313 || style="text-align:right;"|400,694||style="text-align:right;"|438,648
|-
| Sandur
| Sandur
| style="text-align:right;"|161
|
| style="text-align:right;"| 14,996 || style="text-align:right;"| 10,532 || style="text-align:right;"|11,388 || style="text-align:right;"|11,200 ||align="right"|13,517 ||style="text-align:right;"|11,665 ||align="right"|13,583 ||style="text-align:right;"|15,814
|-
| Travancore
| Trivandrum
| style="text-align:right;"|7,091
|
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,311,379 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,401,158 || style="text-align:right;"|2,557,736 || style="text-align:right;"|2,952,157 || style="text-align:right;"|3,428,975||align="right"|4,006,062 || style="text-align:right;"|5,095,973||align="right"|6,070,018
|-
| '''Total'''
|
| style="text-align:right;"|'''9,969'''
|
| style="text-align:right;"|'''3,285,938''' || style="text-align:right;"| || style="text-align:right;"| || style="text-align:right;"| || style="text-align:right;"| ||style="text-align:right;"| ||align="right"
|-
| colspan="11" style="text-align:left;"|<small>''Source: The Imperial Gazetteer of India''</small>
|}

== Cities ==

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
! Position
! 1871
! 1881
! 1891
! 1901
! 1911
! 1921
! 1931
! 1941
|-
| 1 || [[Madras]] (367,552) || Madras (405,848) || Madras (452,518) || Madras (509,346) || Madras (518,660) || Madras (526,911) || Madras (647,232) || Madras (777,481)
|-
| 2 || [[Trichinopoly]] (76,530) || Trichinopoly (84,449) || Trichinopoly (90,609) || Madura (105,984) || Madura (134,130) || Madura (138,894)|| Madura (182,018) ||Madura (239,144)
|-
| 3 || [[Tanjore]] (52,171) || Madura (73,807) || Madura (87,428) || Trichinopoly (104,721) || Trichinopoly (123,512)|| Trichinopoly (120,422) || Trichinopoly (142,843)||Trichinopoly (159,566)
|-
| 4 || [[Madura]] (51,987) || [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] (57,085) || Salem (67,710) || Calicut (76,981) || Calicut (82,334) || Calicut (78,417) || Salem (102,179) || Coimbatore (130,348)
|-
| 5 || [[Bellary]] (51,766) || Tanjore (54,745) || Calicut (66,078) || Salem (70,621) || Kumbakonam (64,647) || Coimbatore (65,788)|| Calicut (99,273) || Salem (129,702)
|-
| 6 || [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] (50,012) || Negapatam (53,855) || Bellary (59,447) || Kumbakonam (59,673) || Tanjore (60,341) || [[Conjeevaram]] (61,376) || Coimbatore (95,198) || Calicut (126,352)
|-
| 7 || [[Negapatam]] (48,525) || Bellary (53,460) || Negapatam (59,221) || Bellary (58,247) ||Negapatam (60,168) || Kumbakonam (60,700) || Tanjore (66,889) || Bezawada (86,184)
|-
| 8 || [[Kozhikode|Calicut]] (48,338)|| Salem (50,667) || Tanjore (54,390) || Tanjore (57,870) || Salem (59,152) || Tanjore (59,913) || Mangalore (66,756) || Mangalore (81,609)
|-
| 9 || [[Kumbakonam]] (44,444)|| Kumbakonam (54,307) || Kumbakonam (54,307)|| Negapatam (57,190) || Cuddalore (56,574) || Negapatam (54,016) ||Cocanada (65,952) || Tuticorin (75,614)
|-
| 10 || [[Cuddalore]] (40,300)|| Cuddalore (43,564) || Cuddalore (47,355) || Coimbatore (53,080) || [[Cocanada]] (54,410)|| [[Mangalore]] (53,877) || Kumbakonam (62,317) || [[Vizagapatam]] (70,243)
|}

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Madras Presidency]]

[[Category:Tamil society]]

[[Category:Demographic history of India]]
[[Category:Social history of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Social history of Karnataka]]

Demographics of Madras Presidency - Revision history

>Dl2000 at 01:11, 24 August 2019