Ajay Kumar at 20:25, 25 August 2023

2023-08-25T20:25:10Z

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{{Short description|Tibeto-Burman language spoken in northeastern India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Deori
|altname=Deuri
|nativename=দেউৰী
|states=[[India]]
|region=[[Assam]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|ethnicity=[[Deori people|Deori]]
|speakers=32,376
|date=2011 census
|ref=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html|title=Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=7 July 2018}}</ref>
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=[[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]
|fam3=[[Central Tibeto-Burman languages|Central Tibeto-Burman]] (?)
|fam4=[[Sal languages|Sal]]
|fam5=[[Boro-Garo languages|Boro-Garo]]
|script=[[Bengali-Assamese script|Assamese script]]
|iso3=der
|glotto=deor1238
|glottorefname=Deori
}}
'''Deori''' (also '''Deuri''') is a [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] language in the la [[Tibeto-Burman languages]] family spoken by the [[Deori people]] of [[Assam]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]].<ref>{{harvcol|Acharyya|Mahanta|2019|p=516}}</ref> Deori are also a part of [[Bodo–Kachari people]]. Among the four territorial groups only the Dibongiya have retained the language. The others—Patorgoyan, Tengaponiya, and Borgoyan—have [[language shift|shifted]] to [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. It is spoken in [[Lohit district]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]], and in [[Lakhimpur district|Lakhimpur]], [[Dhemaji district|Dhemaji]], [[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia]], and [[Jorhat district|Jorhat]] districts of [[Assam]].

In the [[Colonial Assam|colonial times]] this language became associated with the [[Chutia people]] erroneously,<ref>"It was Brown who had the unfortunate idea of associating the name of the Deori with that of the (Assamese speaking) Chutiya." {{harvcol|Jaquesson|2017|pp=8–9}}</ref> and came to be known as the "Chutia language" in the [[Linguistic Survey of India]].<ref>{{harvcol|Jaquesson|2017|p=8}}</ref> Modern scholarship do not associate the Deori language with the Chutia community.<ref>"The extant literature on Deori (Brown 1895; Brandreth 1878; Grierson 1909; Goswami 1994) associates the language of the Deori community with the Chutiyas, "the original language of Upper Assam" (Brown 1895:5). At present, there is no evidence of closeness of the Deori language to the language spoken by the Chutiya community." {{harvcol|Acharyya|Mahanta|2019|p=516}}</ref>

[[File:Map of the Languages and Dialects of the Bârâ or Bodo Group of the Tibeto-Burman Family (cropped).jpg|thumb|Distribution of Deori-Chutiya Language in [[Upper Assam]], as reported in the Language Survey of India 1903]]

The Deori language is one of the most influential languages which has helped develop the [[Assamese language]] in Upper Assam.

However, the word for water has a similar form in many other languages of the Sal branch of Sino-Tibetan to which Deori belongs, so it is not conclusive evidence that Deori speakers were the first to occupy this area.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Coupe|first1=Alexander R.|title=Asia before English|date=2020|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118791882.ch2|work=The Handbook of Asian Englishes|pages=13–48|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781118791882.ch2|isbn=978-1-118-79188-2|access-date=2021-01-12|last2=Kratochvíl|first2=František|s2cid=225196053}}</ref>

== Vocabulary ==
{{OR section|date=June 2021}}
Some of the words of Deori language present in Assamese derived from the dictionary ''Chuperemago''<ref>[https://archive.org/details/chuperemago Kishor Deori, Chuperemago(1997)]</ref> are:
{| class="wikitable"
!Deori word
!Assamese word
!Meaning
|- valign="top"
|Khang
|Khong
|Anger
|- valign="top"
|Dep-Depia
|Dhep-Dhepia
|Plum
|- valign="top"
|Auja
|Auja
|Incline
|- valign="top"
|Atiru
|Ati
|Highland
|- valign="top"
|Pulunga
|Pulunga
|Straight
|- valign="top"
|Lakia
|Lekhia
|Similar
|- valign="top"
|Gujung
|Jung
|Spear
|- valign="top"
|Mihiti
|Mihi
|Smooth
|- valign="top"
|On
|On
|Yes
|- valign="top"
|Numoi
|Numoli
|Little girl
|- valign="top"
|Norani
|Nora
|Straw
|- valign="top"
|Dong
|Dong
|Irrigation Channel
|- valign="top"
|Meera/Dekagu
|Deka
|Young man
|- valign="top"
|sai suje
|Kalahas
|Alkaline prepared from banana stem
|- valign="top"
|Karisa/yuwa simu
|Kharisa
|Bamboo Shoot
|- valign="top"
|Bisu
|Bihu
|Folk Festival of Assam
|- valign="top"
|Anali
|Anali
|Helpless
|- valign="top"
|Tangan
|Tangan
|Beating Stick
|- valign="top"
|Botar
|Batar
|Weather
|- valign="top"
|Hoja
|Hoja
|Simple
|-valign="top"
|Mirasi
|Jiyori
|Girl
|- valign="top"
|Uyung
|Uyi
|Termite
|- valign="top"
|Dokhar
|Dokhar
|Piece of cut off
|- valign="top"
|Mena
|Mena
|Crooked
|- valign="top"
|Habang
|Hebang
|Silly
|- valign="top"
|midige
|Bonda
|Male cat
|- valign="top"
|Ingkori
|Ingkori
|An insect
|- valign="top"
|Seu
|Seu
|Habit
|- valign="top"
|Meli
|Meli
|Unfold
|- valign="top"
|Lopa
|Lapha
|A type of green-leafy be
|- valign="top"
|dulapi
|Ufi
|Dandruff
|- valign="top"
|bang/bako/baba
|Aapa
|Father
|- valign="top"
|Medali
|Madoli
|A type of Assamese Jewelry
|- valign="top"
|soki
|Jakoi
|Fishing tool
|- valign="top"
|kubi
|Khaloi
|Basket
|- valign="top"
|Dao
|Daok
|A type of bird
|- valign="top"
|Dolong
|Dolong
|Bridge
|- valign="top"
|Ketenga
|Ketenga
|Thin/Feeble
|- valign="top"
|Chutuga
|Chuti
|Short
|- valign="top"
|Hichori
|Huchori
|Bihu Carol
|- valign="top"
|Hata
|Heta
|Spatula
|- valign="top"
|Hajia
|Hajia
|Labor
|- valign="top"
|Agu
|Athu
|Knee
|- valign="top"
|Gogoi
|Bhaiti
|Younger Brother
|-valign="top"
|Kai
|Kakai
|Elder Brother
|- valign="top"
|Jikuba
|ga dhuwa
|bath
|- valign="top"
|Gila
|Ghila
|Knee cap
|- valign="top"
|Eri
|Eri
|Eri silk
|- valign="top"
|Gadu
|Garu
|Pillow
|- valign="top"
|Hasu
|Hasi
|Sneeze
|- valign="top"
|Hami
|Hami
|Yawn
|- valign="top"
|Hogora
|Hogora
|A Deer species
|- valign="top"
|Kera
|Kera
|Displaced eye
|- valign="top"
|Keturi
|Keturi
|A kind of turmeric
|- valign="top"
|Kekura
|Kekura
|Crooked
|- valign="top"
|Magur
|Magur
|Cat fish
|- valign="top"
|Kamu
|Kami
|Bamboo twig
|- valign="top"
|Pikiti
|Horu
|Small
|- valign="top"
|Tema
|Temi
|Container
|- valign="top"
|Borola
|Borola
|Widower
|- valign="top"
|Besoni
|Bisoni
|Handfan
|- valign="top"
|Jeng
|Jeng
|Bush
|- valign="top"
|Pei
|Pehi
|Paternal Aunty
|- valign="top"
|Jabor
|Jabor
|Waste
|- valign="top"
|Hapholu
|Hapholu
|Out hill
|- valign="top"
|Kusia
|Kusia
|Eel
|- valign="top"
|Kerketua
|Kerketuwa
|Squirrel
|- valign="top"
|Fosola
|Posola
|Banana stem
|- valign="top"
|Gorali
|Goral
|Cage
|- valign="top"
|Gosok
|Gosok
|Trample
|- valign="top"
|Uha
|Ukha
|Breath
|- valign="top"
|Amoto
|Amothu
|Heart
|- valign="top"
|Guwa
|Guwa
|Areca nut
|- valign="top"
|Hereka
|Hereka
|Tasteless
|- valign="top"
|Kuduna
|Khundona
|Grinding pot
|- valign="top"
|Takun
|Takun
|Stick
|- valign="top"
|Jubura
|Jobura
|Vegetable curry
|- valign="top"
|Tupere
|Kharoli
|Mustard paste
|- valign="top"
|Likota
|Likota
|Sticky
|- valign="top"
|Hao
|Hao
|Curse
|- valign="top"
|Umoni
|Umoni
|Incubate
|- valign="top"
|Ubiriba
|Uburi Huwa
|Lying chest down
|- valign="top"
|Sereng-sereng
|Sereng-sereng
|Excessive heat of sun
|- valign="top"
|Ro ju
|Robo/Roba
|Wait
|- valign="top"
|Ayoi
|Ayoi
|Painful sensation
|- valign="top"
|Bega
|japiowa
|Jump
|- valign="top"
|Dep Depia
|Dhep Dhepia
|Plumb
|- valign="top"
|San higaba
|Shurjudoy
|Sunrise
|- valign="top"
|Dogia
|Dhokia
|Beat
|- valign="top"
|Heleng-jeleng
|Heleng-jeleng
|Weakness
|- valign="top"
|Kunga
|Kunga
|Crippled
|- valign="top"
|Dai
|Dodai
|Paternal Uncle
|- valign="top"
|Dati
|Dati
|Border area
|- valign="top"
|Roina
|Roina
|Cleaning instrument
|- valign="top"
|Pilinga
|Pelenga
|Boy
|- valign="top"
|Kubi
|Khaloi
|A type of Basket
|- valign="top"
|Dun
|Dun
|Small basket
|- valign="top"
|Dokora
|Dokora
|Wooden hammer
|- valign="top"
|Hujeduba
|Hesa mora
|Press
|- valign="top"
|Hiju
|Hiju
|A plant
|- valign="top"
|Keng keng
|Kengkengoni
|Yap
|- valign="top"
|Isa
|sal
|Wrapper cloth
|- valign="top"
|Sumu
|Sum
|A plant
|- valign="top"
|Rang-si
|Rang kukur
|Wild dog
|- valign="top"
|Megela
|Megela bon
|Plum grass
|- valign="top"
|Teku
|Tekeli
|Pot
|- valign="top"
|Tokou
|Tokou
|A type of Palm tree
|- valign="top"
|Serepa
|Serepa
|A type of insect
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Acharyya |first1=Prarthana |last2=Mahanta |first2=Shakuntala |title=Language vitality assessment of Deori: An endangered language |journal=Language Documentation & Conservation |volume=13 |issue= |pages=514–544 |year=2019 |hdl=10125/24853 |issn=1934-5275}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Jaquesson |first1=François |translator-last=van Breugel |translator-first=Seino |year=2017 |title=The linguistic reconstruction of the past: The case of the Boro-Garo languages |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=90–122 |doi=10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van }}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Acharyya, Prarthana & Shakuntala Mahanta. (2018). ''Production and perception of lexical tone in Deori''. Sixth International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL), June 18–20, 2018, Berlin, Germany. 93–97. doi:[https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/TAL_2018/abstracts/TAL_2018_paper_37.html 10.21437/TAL.2018-19].
* Goswami, Upendranath. (1994). ''An introduction to the Deori language''. Guwahati: Anundoram Borooah Institute of Language, Art, and Culture.
* Jacquesson, François. (2005). ''Le Deuri: Langue Tibéto-Birmane d’Assam''. Leuven: Peeters Publishers.
* Mahanta, Shakuntala, Indranil Dutta, & Prarthana Acharyya. (2017). Lexical tone in Deori: loss, contrast, and word-based alignment. In Honeybone, Patrick, Julian Bradfield, Josef Fruehwald, Pavel Losad, Benjamin Ress Molin- eaux, & Michael Ramsammy (eds.), ''Papers in Historical Phonology'' 2. 51–87. doi:[http://journals.ed.ac.uk/pihph/article/view/1906 10.2218/pihph.2.2017.1906].
* Nath, Arup Kumar. (2010). ''A lexico semantic study of Tiwa and Deori: Two endangered languages of the Tibeto Burman Family''. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University (Doctoral dissertation). http://hdl.handle.net/10603/31796.
* Saikia, Sangeeta. (2012). ''A socio-linguistic survey of Deori speech community''. Gauhati: Gauhati University (Doctoral dissertation).
* Saikia, Sangeeta. (2013). Deuri Asomar Bhasha. In Devy, Ganesh Narayandas (ed.), ''Peoples Linguistic Survey of India'' 5(2). 3-15. India: Orient Blackswan Private Limited.

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Sal languages}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deori Language}}
[[Category:Sal languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]
[[Category:Languages of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]

Deori language - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 20:25, 25 August 2023