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Desia language - Revision history
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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|Indo-Aryan language variety of India}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name=Desia<br />
|altname=Desiya, Desia Odia<br />
|nativename={{lang-or|ଦେଶିଆ|label=none|translit-std=ISO}}<br />
|states=[[India]]<br />
|region=[[Odisha]] ([[Koraput district|Koraput]], [[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]], [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]], [[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]], [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]])<br />
|ethnicity=[[Odia people|Odias]]<br />
|speakers=227,313 <br />
|date=2011 census<br />
|familycolor=Indo-European<br />
|fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]<br />
|fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br />
|fam4=[[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern]]<br />
|fam5=[[Odia languages|Odia]]<br />
|script=[[Odia alphabet|Odia]]<br />
|lc1=dso<br />
|ld1=Desiya<br />
|lc2=ort<br />
|ld2=Adivasi Oriya<br />
|glotto=adiv1239<br />
|glottorefname=Kotia-Adivasi Oriya-Desiya<br />
}}<br />
{{Contains special characters<br />
| special = [[Odia language|Odia]] text<br />
| fix = Help:Multilingual support#Odia<br />
| characters = Odia script<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Desia''',<ref>Masica (1991:426)</ref> also '''Desiya''' or '''Desia Odia''' or '''Koraputi Odia''' or '''Southwestern Odia''', is an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] [[language variety]] ([[sociolinguistics|sociolinguistically]] considered as a dialect of [[Odia language|Odia]]) spoken in [[Koraput district|Koraput]], [[Nabarangpur district|Nabarangpur]], [[Rayagada district|Rayagada]], [[Malkangiri district|Malkangiri]] districts and parts of [[Kalahandi district|Kalahandi]] district of Odisha and in the hilly regions of [[Visakhapatnam district|Vishakhapatnam]] and [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]] districts of Andhra Pradesh.<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/dso "Desiya"], in Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2020). ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World''. Twenty-third edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.</ref> The variant spoken in Koraput is called ''Koraputia''.<br />
<br />
Desia serves as the [[lingua franca]] among the different ethnic groups in the area<ref>Gustafsson, Uwe (1978). [https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/8630 "Procedural discourse in Kotia Oriya"]. In Joseph E. Grimes (ed.), ''Papers on discourse'', 283-97. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.</ref> and is the major regional tribal-non tribal dialect continuum of the undivided Koraput district of the Southwestern Odisha region.<ref>{{cite news |title=Speak up, India |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/cover/speak-up-india/article9867684.ece |website=The Hindu |last1=Mohan |first1=Shriya |date=January 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=This way to school: How dismal indicators for education in Odisha’s Nabarangpur are slowly changing |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/district-zero-odisha-nabarangpur-education-system-2801034/ |website=The Indian Express |last1=Vishnu |first1=Uma |date=May 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/ling_Orissa.html</ref><ref name="LSI-Orissa">{{cite book |last= Mahapatra |first= B.P. |title= Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa |year=2002 |publisher= Language Division, Office of the Registrar General |location= Kolkata, India |page=2 |url= http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/lsi_orissa/1_orissa_vol_from_first_page_to_page_no_18.pdf |access-date= 5 August 2020}}</ref><ref name="LSI">{{cite book |last= Mahapatra |first= B.P. |title= Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa |year=2002 |publisher= Language Division, Office of the Registrar General |location= Kolkata, India |page=20 |url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Documents/LSI/lsi_Orissa/2_orissa_vol_page_no_19_to_30.pdf |access-date= 5 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Phonology ==<br />
<br />
Desia variety has 21 consonant phonemes, 2 semivowel phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes.<ref name="Linguistic Survey of India">{{cite book |last= Mahapatra |first= B.P. |title= Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa |year=2002 |publisher= Language Division, Office of the Registrar General |location= Kolkata, India |page=94,95 |url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-Documents/LSI/lsi_Orissa/7_orissa_vol_page_no_95_110.pdf |access-date= 5 August 2020}}</ref><br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
|+Desia vowel phonemes<br />
! ||[[Front vowel|Front]]||[[Central vowel|Central]]||[[Back vowel|Back]]<br />
|-<br />
![[High vowel|High]]<br />
|{{IPAlink|i}}|| ||{{IPAlink|u}}<br />
|-<br />
![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br />
|{{IPAlink|e}}|| ||{{IPAlink|o}}<br />
|-<br />
![[Low vowel|Low]]<br />
| ||{{IPA link|ä|a}}||{{IPAlink|ɔ}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
There are no long vowels in Desia just like Standard Odia.<br />
<br />
{|class="wikitable" style=text-align:center<br />
|+Desia consonant phonemes<br />
! colspan="2"|<br />
! [[Labial consonants|Labial]]<br />
! [[Alveolar consonants|Alveolar]]<br>/[[Dental consonants|Dental]]<br />
! [[Retroflex consonants|Retroflex]]<br />
! [[Palatal consonants|Palatal]]<br />
! [[Velar consonants|Velar]]<br />
! [[Glottal consonants|Glottal]]<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2"| [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
| {{IPAlink|m}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|n}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| {{IPAlink|ŋ}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="4"| [[Stop consonant|Stop]]/<br>[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]<br />
! {{small|[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|p}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|t̪|t}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|ʈ}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|tʃ}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|k}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! {{small|[[Aspirated consonant|voiceless aspirated]]}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|b}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|d̪|d}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|ɖ}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|dʒ}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|ɡ}}<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! {{small|[[Murmured voice|voiced aspirated]]}}<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2"| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]<br />
|<br />
| {{IPAlink|s}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| {{IPAlink|ɦ}}<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2"|[[Trill consonant|Trill]]/[[Flap consonant|Flap]]<br />
|<br />
| {{IPAlink|ɾ}}<br />
| {{IPAlink|ɽ}}~{{IPA link|ɽʰ}}<br />
| <br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2"|[[Lateral consonant#Approximants|Lateral approximant]]<br />
|<br />
| {{IPAlink|l}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]<br />
|{{IPA link|w}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|{{IPA link|j}}<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Desia shows loss of both voiceless and voiced aspirated consonants as well as retroflex consonants like retroflex unaspirated nasal([[voiced retroflex nasal]]) {{IPAlink|ɳ}} (<span style="font-size:100%">{{lang|or|ଣ}}</span>) and [[voiced retroflex lateral approximant]] {{IPAblink|ɭ}} (<span style="font-size:100%">{{lang|or|ଳ}}</span>) which are present in Standard Odia.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== Further reading ==<br />
* {{cite book|last=Masica|first=Colin|year=1991|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages|series=Cambridge Language Surveys|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-29944-2}}<br />
<br />
{{Indo-Aryan languages}}<br />
{{Odia language}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Odisha]]<br />
[[Category:Odia language]]</div>
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